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1、.學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)(2000屆)論文題目 環(huán)境測(cè)試儀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 所在學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級(jí) 電信 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué)號(hào) 指導(dǎo)教師 完成日期 年 月摘 要本文面向單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用。在人們?nèi)粘I钪?對(duì)環(huán)境的依賴很大,環(huán)境的因素在某方面有著關(guān)鍵性的作用,為了能夠給我們?nèi)粘I顜矸奖?則該課題設(shè)計(jì)了綜合性環(huán)境自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),用以對(duì)自身周圍環(huán)境的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。本系統(tǒng)是以STC89C51單片機(jī)為處理器的環(huán)境溫、濕度和光照度進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè),通過液晶屏友好顯示,為我們?nèi)粘I钐峁┓奖?。該系統(tǒng)包括硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和軟件流程。相關(guān)模塊可完成自然界中的溫、濕度及光照度的參數(shù)采集、轉(zhuǎn)換、存儲(chǔ)及顯示。本模塊集成度高、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低、功

2、耗低,適用于各種環(huán)境檢測(cè)。關(guān)鍵詞:AT89C51,DS18B20,3DU080光線采集,SH101濕度采集,驅(qū)動(dòng)電路。Abstract In this paper, single-chip control-oriented system. In people's daily life, a great dependence on the environment, environmental factors have a crucial role, in order to be able to bring convenience to our daily lives, the subje

3、ct of a comprehensive design environment for automatic monitoring system that can be used to their own real-time monitoring of the surrounding environment. The system is based on single-chip for the processor STC89C51 environmental temperature, humidity and illumination in real-time monitoring, thro

4、ugh friendly LCD display, in order to facilitate our daily lives. The system includes hardware structure and software flow. Related modules to be completed by the nature of temperature, humidity and illumination parameters of the collection, storage and display. The highly integrated module, simple

5、structure, low cost, low power consumption, applied to a variety of environmental detection. Key words: AT89C51, DS18B20, 3DU080 light collection, SH101 humidity collection, drive circuit.目 錄一 緒論4二 單元電路的設(shè)計(jì)52.1傳感器的選取及相應(yīng)采集電路52.1.1溫度傳感器及采集電路52.1.2濕度傳感器及采集電路72.1.3光照度傳感器及采集電路92.2顯示模塊11操作控制11字符集12指令集122.3

6、 萬年歷電路122.4 供電部分13三 系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)143.1系統(tǒng)方框圖143.2軟件系統(tǒng)流程圖15四 系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試154.1測(cè)試儀器154.2測(cè)試結(jié)果15五 總結(jié)與致謝16附件:電路總原理圖17一、 緒 論溫室環(huán)境控制是在充分利用自然資源的基礎(chǔ)上,通過改變環(huán)境因子如溫度、濕度、光照度等來獲得作物生長(zhǎng)的最佳條件,從而達(dá)到增加作物產(chǎn)量、改善品質(zhì)、調(diào)節(jié)生長(zhǎng)周期、提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的目的。近幾年來,我國(guó)在溫室結(jié)構(gòu)和溫室控制兩方面開展了不少研究。國(guó)家在“九五”攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目中啟動(dòng)了有關(guān)溫室設(shè)施及配套裝備的研制課題;2001年,國(guó)家在“十五”攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目中啟動(dòng)了“溫室環(huán)境智能控制關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與開發(fā)”課題;2001年,國(guó)家“

7、863”計(jì)劃“可控環(huán)境農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)”研究?jī)?nèi)容包含研制可控環(huán)境自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)、信息自動(dòng)采集系統(tǒng)等;2003年國(guó)家計(jì)委啟動(dòng)了“設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)集成產(chǎn)業(yè)化示范”課題;國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金生命科學(xué)部對(duì)設(shè)施園藝也設(shè)立了重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。這些都說明在設(shè)施環(huán)境中,控制技術(shù)是相當(dāng)重要的。溫室控制涉及到硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和控制算法等問題。目前,我國(guó)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)儀器的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有140余家,年產(chǎn)值48億元,約占全環(huán)保產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)值的23。環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)儀器的主要產(chǎn)品是各種水污染和大氣污染檢測(cè)、噪聲與振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)、放射性和電磁波監(jiān)測(cè)儀器。我國(guó)生產(chǎn)的煙塵采樣器、煙霧采樣器、總懸浮微粒采樣器、污水流量計(jì)等環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)儀器已接近或達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平,在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上占有很大比例。

8、國(guó)產(chǎn)大型實(shí)驗(yàn)室用原子吸收、紫外可見分光度儀、氣相色譜儀等監(jiān)測(cè)儀器自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)采用程度較低,關(guān)鍵零部件尚依進(jìn)口。通過對(duì)控制算法的比較分析,率選出了適合溫、濕度等測(cè)控的微機(jī)控制算法增量型位置輸出積分分離PID算法,并在單片機(jī)測(cè)控系統(tǒng)中給以實(shí)現(xiàn)。該研究對(duì)類似變化緩慢對(duì)象的微機(jī)過程控制提供了科學(xué)參考所設(shè)計(jì)。本設(shè)計(jì)中,我們既加強(qiáng)了對(duì)環(huán)境檢測(cè)的了解,又鞏固了我們這大學(xué)期間的所學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)。有利于我們走上工作崗位后對(duì)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)的了解和熟練。二 單元電路的設(shè)計(jì)2.1傳感器的選取及相應(yīng)采集電路2.1.1溫度傳感器及采集電路圖1 18b20封裝選用美國(guó)Dallas公司的可編程單總線數(shù)字式溫度傳感器DS18820實(shí)現(xiàn)空

9、氣溫度信號(hào)的采集。該傳感器體積小,外形如普通三極管,其內(nèi)部集成有測(cè)溫傳感器及邏輯控制電路。DSl8820有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),直接輸出數(shù)字信號(hào),省去了后繼的信號(hào)放大及模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換部分;外圍電路簡(jiǎn)單,成本低;單總線接口,只有一根信號(hào)線作為單總線與CPU連接,且每一只都有自己唯一的64位系列號(hào)存儲(chǔ)在其內(nèi)部的ROM存儲(chǔ)器中,故在一根信號(hào)線上可以掛接多個(gè)DSl8820,便于多點(diǎn)測(cè)量且易于擴(kuò)展。圖2 18b20內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)(1)DS18B20技術(shù)性能描述如下:a. 獨(dú)特的單線接口方式,DS18B20在與微處理器連接時(shí)僅需要一條線即可實(shí)現(xiàn)微處理器與DS18B20的雙向通訊。b.測(cè)溫范圍 55125,固有測(cè)溫分辨率0.5。c

10、.支持多點(diǎn)組網(wǎng)功能,多個(gè)DS18B20可以并聯(lián)在唯一的三線上,實(shí)現(xiàn)多點(diǎn)測(cè)溫d. 工作電源: 35V/DCe.在使用中不需要任何外圍元件f.測(cè)量結(jié)果以912位數(shù)字量方式串行傳送g.不銹鋼保護(hù)管直徑 6 h.適用于DN1525, DN40DN250各種介質(zhì)工業(yè)管道和狹小空間設(shè)備測(cè)溫i.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)安裝螺紋 M10X1, M12X1.5, G1/2”任選j.PVC電纜直接出線或德式球型接線盒出線,便于與其它電器設(shè)備連接。(2) DS18B20接線說明它僅需要一條線即可實(shí)現(xiàn)微處理器與DS18B20的雙向通訊,簡(jiǎn)化了分布式溫度傳感應(yīng)用 無需外部元件 可用數(shù)據(jù)總線供電,電壓范圍為3.0 V至5.5 V 無需備用電

11、源 測(cè)量溫度范圍為-55至+125 。相當(dāng)于是-67華氏度到257華氏度 -10 至+85 范圍內(nèi)精度為±0.5 。該溫度傳感器可編程的分辨率為912位 溫度轉(zhuǎn)換為12位數(shù)字格式最大值為750毫秒 用戶可定義的非易失性溫度報(bào)警設(shè)置 應(yīng)用范圍包括恒溫控制,工業(yè)系統(tǒng),消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品溫度計(jì),或任何熱敏感系統(tǒng)描述該DS18B20的數(shù)字溫度計(jì)提供9至12位(可編程設(shè)備溫度讀數(shù)。信息被發(fā)送到/從DS18B20 通過1線接口,所以中央微處理器與DS18B20只有一個(gè)一條口線連接。為讀寫以及溫度轉(zhuǎn)換可以從數(shù)據(jù)線本身獲得能量,不需要外接電源。 因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)DS18B20的包含一個(gè)獨(dú)特的序號(hào),多個(gè)ds18b

12、20s可以同時(shí)存在于一條總線。這使得溫度傳感器放置在許多不同的地方。它的用途很多,包括空調(diào)環(huán)境控制,感測(cè)建筑物內(nèi)溫設(shè)備或機(jī)器,并進(jìn)行過程監(jiān)測(cè)和控制。(3)DS18B20的初始化a.先將數(shù)據(jù)線置高電平“1”。b.延時(shí)(該時(shí)間要求的不是很嚴(yán)格,但是盡可能的短一點(diǎn))c.數(shù)據(jù)線拉到低電平“0”。d.延時(shí)750微秒(該時(shí)間的時(shí)間范圍可以從480到960微秒)。e.數(shù)據(jù)線拉到高電平“1”。f.延時(shí)等待(如果初始化成功則在15到60毫秒時(shí)間之內(nèi)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)由DS18B20所返回的低電平“0”。據(jù)該狀態(tài)可以來確定它的存在,但是應(yīng)注意不能無限的進(jìn)行等待,不然會(huì)使程序進(jìn)入死循環(huán),所以要進(jìn)行超時(shí)控制)。g.若CPU讀到

13、了數(shù)據(jù)線上的低電平“0”后,還要做延時(shí),其延時(shí)的時(shí)間從發(fā)出的高電平算起(第(5)步的時(shí)間算起)最少要480微秒。h.將數(shù)據(jù)線再次拉高到高電平“1”后結(jié)束。(4)DS18B20的寫操作 a.數(shù)據(jù)線先置低電平“0”。 b.延時(shí)確定的時(shí)間為15微秒。 c.按從低位到高位的順序發(fā)送字節(jié)(一次只發(fā)送一位)。 d.延時(shí)時(shí)間為45微秒。 e.將數(shù)據(jù)線拉到高電平。 f.重復(fù)上a到f的操作直到所有的字節(jié)全部發(fā)送完為止。g.最后將數(shù)據(jù)線拉高。(5)DS18B20的讀操作a.將數(shù)據(jù)線拉高“1”。b.延時(shí)2微秒。c.將數(shù)據(jù)線拉低“0”。e.延時(shí)15微秒。f.將數(shù)據(jù)線拉高“1”。g.延時(shí)15微秒。h.讀數(shù)據(jù)線的狀態(tài)得到

14、1個(gè)狀態(tài)位,并進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理。i.延時(shí)30微秒。(5)與單片機(jī)相連電路如下: 圖3 溫度檢測(cè)電路2.1.2濕度傳感器及采集電路選用法國(guó)Humirel公司的HSll01電容式相對(duì)濕度傳感器。此傳感器與其他產(chǎn)品相比。有著顯著的優(yōu)點(diǎn):不需要校準(zhǔn)的完全互換性,高可靠性和長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性,響應(yīng)時(shí)間快,適用于線性電壓輸出和頻率輸出兩種電路;模塊中選用電壓輸出電路,經(jīng)A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器TLC2543后可以轉(zhuǎn)換成濕度值。然后送單片機(jī)處理并顯示。(1) HSll01基本參數(shù)默認(rèn)測(cè)量溫度為25,測(cè)量時(shí)HSll01工作頻率為10Khz.基本參數(shù)下表所示:(2)特性曲線     &

15、#160; 如圖4所示,測(cè)量溫度T=25,測(cè)量時(shí)HSll01工作頻率為10Khzo圖4 HSll01特性曲線圖5 HSll01封裝   從特性曲線曲線圖上我們可以看出,HSll01具有極好的線性輸出可以近似看成相對(duì)濕度值與電容值成比例因此在測(cè)量過程中,采集電容值即可(3)測(cè)量原理HSll01濕度傳感器是一種基于電容原理的濕度傳感器,相對(duì)濕度的變化和電容值呈線性規(guī)律在自動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)中,電容值隨著空氣濕度的變化而變化,因此將電容值的變化轉(zhuǎn)換成電壓或頻率的變化,才能進(jìn)行有效地?cái)?shù)據(jù)采集用與非門電路組成振蕩電路,HSl 100濕度傳感器充當(dāng)振蕩電容,從而完成濕度到頻率的轉(zhuǎn)換(4)測(cè)量方

16、法HSll01濕敏傳感器是采用側(cè)面開放式封裝,只有兩個(gè)引腳,有線性電壓輸出和線性頻率輸出兩種電路在使用時(shí),將2腳接地,這里選用頻率輸出電路該傳感器采用電容構(gòu)成材料,不允許直流方式供電所以我們使用與非門電路組成單穩(wěn)態(tài)電路具體電路如下圖6 濕度模塊2.1.3光照度傳感器及采集電路采用硅光敏三極管3DU050C,光譜范圍為450 nm1150 nm,用于可見光、紅外光檢測(cè),光電流IL(10001x,10V)5 mA,暗電流Id(Olx,10V)O1A,擊穿電壓Vceo>30 V,耗散功率Pd=150 mW,封裝5黑膠如下圖所示:圖7 3DU050C封裝   光敏三

17、極管的工作原理是三極管基極它不是引線,而是通過一塊聚光鏡,將光聚集在發(fā)射結(jié)上,打破發(fā)射結(jié)的內(nèi)電場(chǎng)的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡,使發(fā)射極電流發(fā)生變化.3du33系列硅光敏三極管的主要特性參數(shù)見下表:名稱符號(hào)測(cè)試條件最小值典型值最大值單位最高工作電壓VRM(CE)ICE=ID2030V暗電流IDV= VRM (CE)10100nA光電流ILVCE=10V E=1000LX10mA上升時(shí)間TrRL=50,VCE=10V脈沖電流幅度為1mA5s下降時(shí)間Tf5s峰值波長(zhǎng)p880s封裝形式鍍鎳金屬帽,玻璃球透鏡。極限參數(shù)特性見下表:名 稱符號(hào)參數(shù)單位最大功率Pm70mW工作溫度TOP-30+65偖存溫度Tstg-30+80

18、圖8 3DU050C光照曲線圖9 光線檢測(cè)電路通過運(yùn)算放大器輸出電壓信號(hào),經(jīng)LTC2543AD轉(zhuǎn)換電路,將電壓轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號(hào),計(jì)算出光照強(qiáng)度。然后送單片機(jī)處理并顯示。運(yùn)算放大器選用TI公司的TLC2272CP。該運(yùn)放具有低功耗、低電壓、高精度等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。圖8為輸出電壓與光照強(qiáng)度的關(guān)系曲線。2.2顯示模塊采用LCD1602顯示屏,能顯示兩行字符(除漢字),編程簡(jiǎn)單,占用程序空間少。圖10 1602封裝操作控制操作 讀狀態(tài) 寫指令 讀數(shù)據(jù) 寫數(shù)據(jù) 輸入 RS=0,RW=1,E=1 RS=0,RW=0, D07=指令碼,E=H脈沖 RS=1,RW=1,E=1 RS=1,RW=0, D07=數(shù)據(jù),E=H脈

19、沖 字符集1602液晶模塊內(nèi)部的字符發(fā)生存儲(chǔ)器(CGROM)已經(jīng)存儲(chǔ)了160個(gè)不同的點(diǎn)陣字符圖形,這些字符有:阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字、英文字母的大小寫、常用的符號(hào)、和日文假名等,每一個(gè)字符都有一個(gè)固定的代碼,比如大寫的英文字母“A”的代碼是01000001B(41H),顯示時(shí)模塊把地址41H中的點(diǎn)陣字符圖形顯示出來,我們就能看到字母“A”。因?yàn)?602識(shí)別的是ASCII碼,試驗(yàn)可以用ASCII碼直接賦值,在單片機(jī)編程中還可以用字符型常量或變量賦值,如A。 指令集1602通過D0D7的8位數(shù)據(jù)端傳輸數(shù)據(jù)和指令。顯示模式設(shè)置: (初始化)0011 0000 0x38 設(shè)置16×2顯示,5×

20、7點(diǎn)陣,8位數(shù)據(jù)接口;顯示開關(guān)及光標(biāo)設(shè)置: (初始化)0000 1DCB D顯示(1有效)、C光標(biāo)顯示(1有效)、B光標(biāo)閃爍(1有效)0000 01NS N=1(讀或?qū)懸粋€(gè)字符后地址指針加1 &光標(biāo)加1),N=0(讀或?qū)懸粋€(gè)字符后地址指針減1 &光標(biāo)減1),S=1 且 N=1 (當(dāng)寫一個(gè)字符后,整屏顯示左移)s=0 當(dāng)寫一個(gè)字符后,整屏顯示不移動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)指針設(shè)置:數(shù)據(jù)首地址為80H,所以數(shù)據(jù)地址為80H+地址碼(0-27H,40-67H)其他設(shè)置:01H(顯示清屏,數(shù)據(jù)指針=0,所有顯示=0);02H(顯示回車,數(shù)據(jù)指針=0)。2.3 萬年歷電路我們采用專用時(shí)鐘芯片DS1302,D

21、S1302 是美國(guó)DALLAS公司推出的一種高性能、低功耗、帶RAM的實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘電路,它可以對(duì)年、月、日、周日、時(shí)、分、秒進(jìn)行計(jì)時(shí),具有閏年補(bǔ)償功能,工作電壓為2.5V5.5V。采用三線接口與CPU進(jìn)行同步通信,即SCLK(7)、I/O(6)、RST(5)。圖3示出DS1302與89C2051的連接圖,其中,時(shí)鐘的顯示用LCD。并可采用突發(fā)方式一次傳送多個(gè)字節(jié)的時(shí)鐘信號(hào)或RAM數(shù)據(jù)。DS1302內(nèi)部有一個(gè)31×8的用于臨時(shí)性存放數(shù)據(jù)的RAM寄存器。在調(diào)試程序時(shí)可以不加電容器,只加一個(gè)32.768kHz 的晶振即可。只是選擇晶振時(shí),不同的晶振,誤差也較大。另外,還可以在上面的電路中加入D

22、S18B20,同時(shí)顯示實(shí)時(shí)溫度。只要占用CPU一個(gè)口線即可。 LCD還可以換成LED,還可以使用北京衛(wèi)信杰科技發(fā)展有限公司生產(chǎn)的10位多功能8段液晶顯示模塊LCM101,內(nèi)含看門狗(WDT)/時(shí)鐘發(fā)生器及兩種頻率的蜂鳴器驅(qū)動(dòng)電路,并有內(nèi)置顯示RAM,可顯示任意字段筆劃,具有34線串行接口,可與任何單片機(jī)、IC接口。功耗低,顯示狀態(tài)時(shí)電流為2A (典型值),省電模式時(shí)小于1A,工作電壓為2.4V3.3V,顯示清晰。圖11 時(shí)鐘電路2.4 供電部分 本系統(tǒng)才用自制電源供電。即將市電經(jīng)過變壓后整流濾波,通過7805和7905三端穩(wěn)壓器輸出穩(wěn)定的正負(fù)5V電壓給系統(tǒng)供電。如下圖所示:圖12系統(tǒng)供電電路三

23、 系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)本設(shè)計(jì)以AT89C51為處理器,分別用濕度、溫度、光敏等傳感器采集信號(hào)。其中溫度傳感器用18B20,其采集信號(hào)可直接送單片機(jī)處理,而濕度和光敏傳感器采集的信號(hào)經(jīng)過TLC2543A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器轉(zhuǎn)換后送單片機(jī)。另外有用DS1302專用芯片設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)鐘模塊。各路信號(hào)通過矩陣鍵盤顯示于1602液晶顯示屏。3.1系統(tǒng)方框圖圖13 系統(tǒng)方框圖光線傳感器濕度傳感器AT89C51單片機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器液晶顯示矩陣鍵盤TLC2543A/D轉(zhuǎn)換溫度傳感器開始初始化鍵盤掃描溫度鍵溫度輸出升降調(diào)整(日歷、溫度)調(diào)整模式切換鍵濕度輸出濕度鍵讀日歷日歷顯示結(jié)束光線輸出光線鍵3.2軟件系統(tǒng)流程圖 圖14 軟件流程圖四 系統(tǒng)的

24、測(cè)試4.1測(cè)試儀器雙蹤示波器(YB4340G型)、數(shù)字萬用表(三位半DY2105型)、溫濕度檢測(cè)儀。4.2測(cè)試結(jié)果本設(shè)計(jì)能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)環(huán)境溫度、濕度、光線的實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè);并正確將所測(cè)結(jié)果通過矩陣鍵盤的控制顯示于1602顯示屏中。該系統(tǒng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)功能有:a. 對(duì)環(huán)境溫度、濕度、光線的實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè);b. 可分別顯示溫度、濕度、光線的測(cè)量值;c. 能用矩陣鍵盤對(duì)不同物理量的檢測(cè)控制,并作相應(yīng)調(diào)整;d. 能設(shè)置溫度的上、下限范圍,超過范圍可報(bào)警(超過上限,蜂鳴器鳴叫同時(shí)紅發(fā)光管亮;低于下限,綠發(fā)光管亮。)e. 能正確顯示日歷時(shí)間,并能通過矩陣鍵盤作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。五 總結(jié)與致謝本設(shè)計(jì)方案按照任務(wù)書的要求通過書籍、刊物、網(wǎng)絡(luò)

25、等途徑了解和掌握單片機(jī)識(shí)別技術(shù)的基本原理和基礎(chǔ)知識(shí);了解單片計(jì)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用;設(shè)計(jì)一種基于單片機(jī)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng);對(duì)制作的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行調(diào)試與應(yīng)用。經(jīng)過這段時(shí)間的精心設(shè)計(jì),基本上完成了課題,在整體設(shè)計(jì)方面做得比較好。當(dāng)然,這些都離不開老師們平時(shí)的教誨和前期的指導(dǎo)。我們覺得通過這一段時(shí)間性的設(shè)計(jì)制作,不但實(shí)踐能力增強(qiáng)了許多而且在理論上也有了更深的認(rèn)識(shí)。在以后學(xué)習(xí)中我們將會(huì)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)刻苦鉆研,力爭(zhēng)取得更好的成績(jī)!本人在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)期間,得到王老師的精心指導(dǎo)。更得益于老師從選題的確定、論文資料的收集、論文框架的確定、開題報(bào)告準(zhǔn)備及論文初稿與定稿中對(duì)字句的斟酌傾注的大量心血,同時(shí)也離不開小組里各位同學(xué)的幫助和指導(dǎo),

26、緊張的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)就要結(jié)束了,大學(xué)三年的生活也到了尾聲。此時(shí)此刻感慨萬千,感謝指導(dǎo)教師王老師在這半年的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中對(duì)我的幫助和支持。 隨著畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)束,我們也即將結(jié)束大學(xué)三年的快樂時(shí)光,進(jìn)而步入社會(huì)。通過這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),使我得到了一次用專業(yè)知識(shí)、專業(yè)技能分析和解決問題的鍛煉。使我在單片機(jī)的基本原理以及實(shí)用技巧的掌握方面都向前邁了一大步,為日后成為合格的技術(shù)應(yīng)用型人才打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。我相信以后的職業(yè)生涯,我會(huì)用嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膽B(tài)度對(duì)待每一次挑戰(zhàn),通過自己的努力實(shí)現(xiàn)自身的價(jià)值。附件:電路原理圖g an employment tribunal claiEmployment tribunals sort out di

27、sagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if:· you don't agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you· your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information

28、 about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven't appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to

29、 you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept

30、 i.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed under Further help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most peo

31、ple find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask

32、you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation  if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up

33、for  a damages-based agreement, you should make sure you're clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau.  To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on 

34、;nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations an

35、d will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa h

36、as opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they w

37、ere "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance

38、 of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something,

39、 do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。或許是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子;或許是追溯過去,對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟,這些天以來,思緒一直很凌亂,在腦海中不斷糾纏??傆X得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么,或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺,突然就感覺到有些事情,非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可?During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are n

40、ecessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn't really

41、grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think don't want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profuse

42、ly, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can't remember his appearance.童年時(shí),覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備,但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn),會(huì)越來越發(fā)現(xiàn),那些東西根本就可有可無;初中時(shí),以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng),但三年過去后,自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候,突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了,好像并沒有那么重要了;然后到了高中,覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn),但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉,后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)

43、揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng),看著他投過籃球的球框時(shí),突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來,這個(gè)世界上,對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的,除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決,還有,時(shí)間。A person's time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could

44、 shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injectio

45、n, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候,自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的,不想要的,界限明確,好像沒有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事,但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦,最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分,有很多錯(cuò)過,好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可,只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑,或者說,是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought o

46、f blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that haven't start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻,天空是陰暗的,空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然

47、想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫;那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙;那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼;還有那場(chǎng)還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可,終于和青春一樣,都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity

48、 and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere

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