西方經濟學消費者剩余ppt

1、v消費者剩余消費者剩余v擬線性效用函數的保留價格與市場價格擬線性效用函數的保留價格與市場價格Reservation Price Curve for Rice0246810Rice (kilograms)($) Res.Values123456r1r2r3r4r5r6保留價格：Reservation Price Curve for Rice0246810Rice (kilograms)($) Res.Values123456r1r2r3r4r5r6保留價格/市場價格：消費者剩余：消費者剩余：v當x商品商品的市場價格為0時， r r1 1+r+r2 2+r+r3 3+ + r+ rn n表示總共消

2、費n個單位的x商品商品所帶來的效用增加的貨幣價值，即消費者剩余，即消費者剩余v當x商品商品的市場價格為pG時， r r1 1+r+r2 2+r+r3 3+ + r+ rn n- -pGn 表示總共消費消費n n單位單位x商品商品所帶來的效用增加的貨幣價值，即消費者剩，即消費者剩余。余。v消費者剩余：保留價格與實際支付消費者剩余：保留價格與實際支付價格之間的差額。價格之間的差額。Reservation Price Curve for Rice0246810Rice (kilograms)($) Res.Values123456r1r2r3r4r5r6保留價格消費者剩余：消費者剩余：pG$ val

3、ue of net utility gains-to-tradev當x商品商品的價格為pG時， r r1 1+r+r2 2+r+r3 3+ + r+ rn n- -pGn 表示總共消消費費n n單位單位x商品商品所帶來的效用增加的貨幣價值，即消費者剩余。，即消費者剩余。Reservation Price Curve for Gasoline0246810Gasoline (half gallons)($) Res.Values1 2 3 4 5 6r1r3r5r7r9r117 8 9 10 11pG$ value of net utility gains-to-tradeReservation

4、 Price Curve for Gasoline0246810Gasoline (one-quarter gallons)($) Res.Values1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Reservation Price Curve for Gasoline0246810Gasoline (one-quarter gallons)($) Res.ValuespG$ value of net utility gains-to-trade消費者剩余：消費者剩余：pGReservation Price Curve for Rice0246810Rice (kilograms)($) Re

5、s.Values123456r1r2r3r4r5r6保留價格pG$ value of net utility gains-to-tradev當x商品商品的價格為pG時， r r1 1+r+r2 2+r+r3 3+ + r+ rn n- -pGn 表示總共消消費費n n單位單位x商品商品所帶來的效用增加的貨幣價值，即消費者剩余。，即消費者剩余。p1：)( 11xfp x1*x1p1CS 10 1 111)( xxpdxxfCSBp1x1*x1p1(x1 *)是反需求函數是反需求函數p1p1x1Lost CSBp1x1*x1x1LostCS 11pp11*1dp)p(xCSp1p1x1*(p1)是

6、需求函數是需求函數x2x1x1x2x1x2u1u2p1=p1p1=p1”p2 is fixed.mp xp x11 12 2 p xp x1 12 2 x1 22 112xpxpm 初始均衡點初始均衡點 2xCV =m2-m1ABC等價變化:Ax1x1x2x1x2u1u2p1=p1p1=p1”p2 is fixed.mp xp x11 12 2 2xx1mp xp x21 12 2 EV =m1-m2CS=CV=EV?x2BC p xp x1 12 2 21221121,xxxxuU xxv xx(,)()1212 CS pv xvp x()()( )111 10 u當p1 由p1上升到 p1

7、”時，消費者剩余 CSCS pCS p ()()11 v xvp xv xvp x()( )()( ) 11 111 100 v xv xp xp x()()(). 111 11 1x2x1x1x2x1x2u1u2p1=p1p1=p1”p2 is fixed.mp xp x11 12 2 p xp x1 12 2 x1 22 112xpxpm 初始均衡點初始均衡點 2xCV =m2-m1ABCv xpmp xp()()*111 11 當p1 由p1上升到 p1”時， CV方法效用函數為 v xmCVp x(). 11 1v xmp x()11 1 v xmCVp x(). 11 1有CVv xv xp xp x ()()() 111 11 1 CS.等價變化:Ax1x1x2x1x2u1u2p1=p1p1=p1”p2 is fixed.mp xp x11 12 2 2xx1mp xp x21 12 2 EV =m1-m2CS=CV=EV?x2BC p xp x1 12 2 *111 11()()v xpmp x