西方經(jīng)濟學消費者剩余ppt

1、v消費者剩余消費者剩余v擬線性效用函數(shù)的保留價格與市場價格擬線性效用函數(shù)的保留價格與市場價格Reservation Price Curve for Rice0246810Rice (kilograms)($) Res.Values123456r1r2r3r4r5r6保留價格：Reservation Price Curve for Rice0246810Rice (kilograms)($) Res.Values123456r1r2r3r4r5r6保留價格/市場價格：消費者剩余：消費者剩余：v當x商品商品的市場價格為0時， r r1 1+r+r2 2+r+r3 3+ + r+ rn n表示總共消

2、費n個單位的x商品商品所帶來的效用增加的貨幣價值，即消費者剩余，即消費者剩余v當x商品商品的市場價格為pG時， r r1 1+r+r2 2+r+r3 3+ + r+ rn n- -pGn 表示總共消費消費n n單位單位x商品商品所帶來的效用增加的貨幣價值，即消費者剩，即消費者剩余。余。v消費者剩余：保留價格與實際支付消費者剩余：保留價格與實際支付價格之間的差額。價格之間的差額。Reservation Price Curve for Rice0246810Rice (kilograms)($) Res.Values123456r1r2r3r4r5r6保留價格消費者剩余：消費者剩余：pG$ val

3、ue of net utility gains-to-tradev當x商品商品的價格為pG時， r r1 1+r+r2 2+r+r3 3+ + r+ rn n- -pGn 表示總共消消費費n n單位單位x商品商品所帶來的效用增加的貨幣價值，即消費者剩余。，即消費者剩余。Reservation Price Curve for Gasoline0246810Gasoline (half gallons)($) Res.Values1 2 3 4 5 6r1r3r5r7r9r117 8 9 10 11pG$ value of net utility gains-to-tradeReservation

4、 Price Curve for Gasoline0246810Gasoline (one-quarter gallons)($) Res.Values1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Reservation Price Curve for Gasoline0246810Gasoline (one-quarter gallons)($) Res.ValuespG$ value of net utility gains-to-trade消費者剩余：消費者剩余：pGReservation Price Curve for Rice0246810Rice (kilograms)($) Re

5、s.Values123456r1r2r3r4r5r6保留價格pG$ value of net utility gains-to-tradev當x商品商品的價格為pG時， r r1 1+r+r2 2+r+r3 3+ + r+ rn n- -pGn 表示總共消消費費n n單位單位x商品商品所帶來的效用增加的貨幣價值，即消費者剩余。，即消費者剩余。p1：)( 11xfp x1*x1p1CS 10 1 111)( xxpdxxfCSBp1x1*x1p1(x1 *)是反需求函數(shù)是反需求函數(shù)p1p1x1Lost CSBp1x1*x1x1LostCS 11pp11*1dp)p(xCSp1p1x1*(p1)是

6、需求函數(shù)是需求函數(shù)x2x1x1x2x1x2u1u2p1=p1p1=p1”p2 is fixed.mp xp x11 12 2 p xp x1 12 2 x1 22 112xpxpm 初始均衡點初始均衡點 2xCV =m2-m1ABC等價變化:Ax1x1x2x1x2u1u2p1=p1p1=p1”p2 is fixed.mp xp x11 12 2 2xx1mp xp x21 12 2 EV =m1-m2CS=CV=EV?x2BC p xp x1 12 2 21221121,xxxxuU xxv xx(,)()1212 CS pv xvp x()()( )111 10 u當p1 由p1上升到 p1

7、”時，消費者剩余 CSCS pCS p ()()11 v xvp xv xvp x()( )()( ) 11 111 100 v xv xp xp x()()(). 111 11 1x2x1x1x2x1x2u1u2p1=p1p1=p1”p2 is fixed.mp xp x11 12 2 p xp x1 12 2 x1 22 112xpxpm 初始均衡點初始均衡點 2xCV =m2-m1ABCv xpmp xp()()*111 11 當p1 由p1上升到 p1”時， CV方法效用函數(shù)為 v xmCVp x(). 11 1v xmp x()11 1 v xmCVp x(). 11 1有CVv xv xp xp x ()()() 111 11 1 CS.等價變化:Ax1x1x2x1x2u1u2p1=p1p1=p1”p2 is fixed.mp xp x11 12 2 2xx1mp xp x21 12 2 EV =m1-m2CS=CV=EV?x2BC p xp x1 12 2 *111 11()()v xpmp x