教材參考資料優(yōu)化全析(Unit18Inventions)

1、教材優(yōu)化全析JIAO CAI YOU HUA QUAN XIWarming up思維拓展1. These chopsticks are both delicious and environ-mentally friendly.environment 環(huán)境，周圍environmental 環(huán)境的en viro nmen talist 環(huán) 境保護者，環(huán)保人員environs交E區(qū)，郊夕卜這些筷子既好吃又保護環(huán)境。environmentally adv. 環(huán)保地； 環(huán)境地environmentally friendly 的意思是“保護環(huán)境，不會破壞環(huán) 境”。friendly 一詞常與一些詞連用，表示

2、“容易的，易被某些特 定對象理解或使用的”，常用于合成詞。類似的用法還有：2. Are you tired of carrying around a heavy laptop思維拓展be tired of “感到疲勞的，厭倦的”，類似的短語有：be tired outs co nt in ual qifeston? outbe exhaustedbe dead on one ' s feetbe ready to dropuser-friendly使用者易使用的；好使用的 a reader-friendly novel 易于理解的小說 a con sumer-frie ndly pol

3、icy 有益消費者的制度computer?你對到處提著笨重的手提電腦感到厭倦了嗎？ be tired of對感到厭倦。例如：He was tired of answering his little son 他小兒子不斷問問題，他回答得都不耐煩了。I ' m tired of fried eggs我吃膩了煎蛋。思維拓展3. you can simply let the air out and put your bike in a bag.let alone更不用說letbe不干涉，不管let down降下，放低letinto 使進入let off免除你只需要放出空氣，把自行車放進包里。l

4、et out放出；發(fā)出；泄露秘密When the bird got well, we let it out .那只鳥復(fù)元后，我們就放它飛走了。She let herself out of the house very quietly .她靜悄悄地從屋里溜出來。Let out of a cry of pain . 發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲。She accide ntally let out that she had played trua nt. 她一不留神說出她逃課的事。Listening1. Why does the patent officer not want to give the man a思

5、維拓展pare nt父母present n.禮物 v.贈送, 提出pate ntee專利人pate nt adj.顯然的patent?為什么專利局的工作人員不給這個人批準專利? pate nt n.專利；專利權(quán)；專利證。例如：bus in ess pate nt 營業(yè)特許product pate nt 產(chǎn)品專禾 UAmerica n pate nt 美國專禾 U2. Do you think it works?你認為它起作用嗎？work運轉(zhuǎn)；起作用，有效。例如：My radio doesn ' t work我的收音機壞了。The medicine worked .這藥管用。Speaki

6、ng1. Yon have invented a car that uses water instead of petrol. 你發(fā)明了一種使用水而不是汽油的汽車。in stead of代替，而不是。（用在名詞、代詞或介詞短語之前） 例如：I will have rice for lunch in stead of no odle .午飯我吃大米而不是面條。we ll go by bus in stead of on foot.我們坐車去，而不是步行去。in stead "代替”，單獨用于句首或句尾，是副詞。例如：Your teacher is ill today . I will

7、give you less ons in stead .你們老師生病了，我來替他上課。2. You have invented a pen that automatically translates what you write into a foreign language.你發(fā)明了一種鋼筆，它能自動把你所寫的內(nèi)容翻譯成外語。automatically自動地；不假思索地。例如：The doors ope ned automatically as we approached.我們一走近門就自動開了。Of course I automatically said yes .當然，我不假思索地就說了

8、是。Pre-reading1. Are some people born creative,?一些人生來就富有創(chuàng)造力嗎？be born后可以跟副詞、名詞、形容詞和不定式短語。例如：I was born in Beijing on October 22, 1972 .我于1972年10月22日在北京出生。He was born French, but later took Canadian citizenship .他生為法國人，但后來取得了加拿大的公民身份。She was born to succeed in life.她生來注定會成功。思維拓展關(guān)于work的一些短語： at work 在工作

9、；在運轉(zhuǎn) work hard at sth .努力做某 事work out算出；制定出 out of work 失業(yè)思維拓展表示"代替”之意的還有：in place ofin one ' s place take the place of for例如：Please post the letter for me . 請?zhí)嫖壹牧诉@封信。We use gas in place of coal in cooking .我們用煤氣代 替煤來做飯。全析提示本句話中that引導(dǎo)定語從 句修飾 pen, what you write 是translate的賓語，構(gòu)成 translate st

10、h. into sth.句 型。思維拓展bear有兩個過去分詞，試比較：He was born in 1950 .他出生于1950年。She has borne 3 childre n.她生了三個小孩。思維拓展come up上升；（話題，議題等）被提出come up agin 突然遇到（困2. How do people come up with ideas for new inventions? 人們是怎樣提出新發(fā)明的想法呢？come up with 追上；想出，找出。例如：You' ve come up with a good idea你想出來的主意好極了。Is that the

11、best excuse you can come up with?這是你能想出來的最好的借口嗎？Reading1. Throughout history, great thinkers have used creativity and imagination to change the world .有史以來，偉大的思想家用創(chuàng)造力和想象力去改變世界。thi nker C思想者，思想家。例如：a great thin ker偉大的思想家He is a shallow thinker.他是一個膚淺的思想家。2. They come from different cultures and have

12、different backgrounds.他們來自于不同的文化，有不同的背景。backgro und n. C & U 背景，(事件等的)背景。例如：This is a photo of Mary with our house in the background .這是瑪麗的照片，背景是我家的房子。He has a strong political background .他有強大的政治背景。3. Creativity is not about getting high test scores, having a high IQ or being smart .創(chuàng)造力并不意味在考試中

13、得咼分，有咼智商，或很聰明。IQ是intelligenee quotient的縮寫，是心理學測量人的智力的 一個概念。例如：He has a high/low IQ .他智商高/低。She has an IQ of 120.她的智商120。4. Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try “ impossibleoi”' “ crazy Solutions發(fā)明家總是重申一個問題以考慮創(chuàng)造性的解決方法或嘗試 “不可能的”或“瘋狂的”方法。(1) rephrase vt.重新

14、措辭；改用別的措辭表達。(2) allow for顧及，為作準備。例如：We should allow for every possible delay .我們必須考慮到任何可能的延誤。It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.難，反對等)。come up to走到，達到思維拓展thinkable可考慮的 thinking adj .思想的n.意見，判斷thought想；想法；思想 thoughtful深思的；體貼人 的思維拓展be from 從來come from 來自于o

15、rigins 出處 roots原籍；根 playground 運動場 underground adj. 地下的； 秘密的思維拓展常見的首字母縮略語有： EEC歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體 UNESCO聯(lián)合國教科文組 織WTO世貿(mào)組織 WB世界銀行AIDS艾滋病Radar雷達 思維拓展re用作前綴，意為“再一 次”。例如：react反應(yīng)rearrange重新布置 rebirth 再生 recall想起 recite背誦 recover 恢復(fù) reform改進，改革relay接力賽跑；中繼站把路上的耽擱算進去，你要用半小時才能到車站。5. If we look only for the correct answ

16、er and reject ideas that don' t provide a complete answer, we may get stuc k如果我們只找正確答案，拒絕那些不能給我們完整答案的想 法，我們就可能被困住。（1）get stuck意思是"被困住”。例如：I am stuck now, there is no more material for the work .我無法進行下去了，沒有做這項工作的材料了。I got stuck when I spelt a word in a crossword puzzle .我在拼寫一個縱橫字謎中的詞時卡住了。（2）

17、reject vt.排斥；丟掉；拋棄。例如：She rejected his offer his marriage.他向她求婚，她拒絕了。After the transplant his body rejected the new heart .他的身體對新移植的心臟產(chǎn)生排斥。Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control .我們進行質(zhì)量檢驗時，有缺陷的產(chǎn)品均予剔除。6. Partial solutions, and even failures, give us more information and clues that hel

18、p us move towards a better solution.局部的解決辦法，甚至失敗會給我們更多的信息和線索，幫 助我們逐漸找到更好的解決辦法。partial部分的；不公平的；偏愛的。例如：This is only a partial list of what I need .這清單所列的僅是我需要的一部分。A judge should not be partial .法官不應(yīng)該偏袒。She is very partial to glass animals .她非常偏愛玻璃制的動物。7. Creative thinking is a conscious effort to brea

19、k away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possibilities.創(chuàng)造性的思考是有意識地努力擺脫常規(guī)思維去探索新的可能 性。break away from 意思為"從逃走；從脫離，與斷絕關(guān)系”。例如：The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup .搶劫嫌疑犯從拘留所逃脫了。Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.現(xiàn)代音樂如爵士樂擺脫了舊的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則。8. By lo

20、oking at a problem in as many ways as possible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would otherwise remain invisible.通過從盡可能多的角度來看待一個問題，富有創(chuàng)造力的思考者思維拓展get加過去分詞構(gòu)成的短語 有：get delayed 遲至 Uget married 結(jié)婚get hurt 受傷get burnt燙傷，燒傷get broken 壞了思維拓展rejection拒絕；拋棄 object vi.反對 subject n.主題；科目 eject vt.彈出；驅(qū)逐

21、思維拓展part部分 partially部分地 particle小粒子，微粒子 partition 分害9parting 分手partner 伙伴part-time兼職的，打工的思維拓展有關(guān)break的短語有： break away 斷掉 break down故障；分解 break in侵入；打岔 break into闖入；突然發(fā)出 break off折斷；斷絕 break out 爆發(fā) break through 突破break up分開；驅(qū)散；放假 思維拓展otherwise除此之外。例如： The model is old, but otherwise the car is satisf

22、actory.這輛車除了車型老舊以外， 別的都還令人滿意。or otherwise 或相反的 we可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在其他情況下可能察覺不了的答案。otherwise用作副詞，譯作"要不然，否則，不然”。例如：He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy .他愛吵鬧，但在其他方面卻是個好孩子。He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten .他提醒了我，要不然我就會把這件事給忘了。Otherwise I might have helped .不然我也許可以幫得上忙的。9. As with think

23、ing outside the box, the process involves a series of different attempts and several false starts. Each new way of looking at a situation deepens our understanding and makes it easier to discover new possibilities就突破常規(guī)思考而言，這個過程涉及一系列不同的嘗試和一 些錯誤的開端，而且每一種考慮事情的新方法都能加深我們的理 解，使我們更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)新的可能性。(1) attempt vt.

24、嘗試；努力。n.嘗試。例如：The pris oner attempted an escape but failed.那犯人企圖逃跑，但失敗了。They attempted to climb the mountain .他們試圖攀登這座山。(2) deepen vt. & vi.使變深。例如：Stude nts explore new ideas as they deepe n their un dersta nding.隨著理解的加深，學生們形成了新的想法。The recessi on continues to deepe n.經(jīng)濟衰退繼續(xù)惡化。10. Great thinkers

25、are aware of this and try to combine new and old ideas in as many different ways as possible偉大的思考者意識到這一點，用盡可能多的不同方式把新舊 方式聯(lián)系起來。be aware of知道，意識到。例如：Everybody is aware of the importa nee of the Four Modernizations .每個人都意識到了四化的重要性。I don 'th ink you are aware (of) how much this means to me .我想你不知道這對

26、我多么重要。It happened without my being aware of it .事情在我不知不覺中發(fā)生了。11. They also try to make connections that may seem unreasonable at first.他們還把一看起來不太可能的東西建立起聯(lián)系。(1) conn ection n. C & U 聯(lián)系，因果(或邏輯)關(guān)系； 連接。例如：The television isn ' t woskthgre a loose connection?電視機壞了，有沒有哪一點接線不緊？welcome any comments f

27、rom you, favorable or otherwise .我們歡迎你們的作何評論，贊 成或不贊成的。思維拓展表示“嘗試”的單詞和短語有：try to do sth . have a try to do sth. attempt to do sth. make an attempt to do seek to do someth ing struggle to do sth.思維拓展-en用于名詞和形容詞后 面形成動詞，表示“使”。女口widen使變寬stre ngthe n 力口強 全析提示aware的用法有： be aware of be aware that become awar

28、e so far as I am aware be well aware思維拓展make (establish) a connection with 與建立聯(lián)系have no connection with與無聯(lián)系break a connection 斷絕聯(lián) 系a close connection 密切關(guān) 系Do you believe that there 'a sconnection between smoking andheart disease?你相信吸煙與心臟病有關(guān)系嗎?We have connections with various international corpor

29、ations in Europe.我們同歐洲的多家跨國公司有往來。(2) unreasonable adj.不講道理的，不合理的，非理性的。 例如：He' s being ureas on able他不講道理。Stop being un reas on able.不要再不講道理了。12. By comparing and connecting ideas and objects in new ways, creative thinkers are able to think of new applications and solutions通過新的方式把思想和物體進行比較和聯(lián)系，富有創(chuàng)

30、造力的 思考者能夠想出新的應(yīng)用和解決辦法。即plication n . C & U 用法，用途，應(yīng)用，實施。例如： The applicati on of new scie ntific discoveries to in dustrial product ion methods usually in creases efficie ncy .把新的科學發(fā)現(xiàn)運用到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)上，通?？梢蕴岣咝?。a new invention that will have a variety of applications in in dustry在工業(yè)上有多種用途的新發(fā)明the applicati on

31、 of a rule to a particular situati on規(guī)則在特殊情況下的應(yīng)用13. Most famous scientists and thinkers are very productive and studies have shown that our most respected scientists produce not only some of the best ideas, but also a great many bad ones大部分著名的科學家和思考者是多產(chǎn)的，研究表明大部分令 人尊敬的科學家不僅有好的創(chuàng)意，許多想法也是很糟糕的。respected

32、adj.令人尊敬的。例如：He' s one of the most respected man agers in the game 他是這個行業(yè)中最令人尊敬的經(jīng)理之一。highly/well/widely/greatly 等表示程度的 副詞可 以修飾 respected。例如：a highly respected journ alist一位令人非常尊敬的記者a loose connection 疏遠關(guān) 系in connection with 與關(guān)聯(lián)，關(guān)于connect 連接connective 結(jié)合的；連接的思維拓展apply v. 申請；應(yīng)用 applied adj.應(yīng)用的 app

33、licant n. 申請者，應(yīng)征 者applianee n. 器具，裝置 make an application for 申請加入applicati on form 申請表14. Some of the greatest inventors forced themselves to develop new ideas even when they were tired or uninspired.甚至當他們疲勞或沒有靈感的時候，一些偉大的發(fā)明家也逼 迫自己想出新的創(chuàng)意。unin spired adj.未賦予靈感的，枯燥的；平凡的，平淡的。例如：思維拓展gain/win broad respec

34、t受到廣泛的尊敬show respect for sb. 尊敬某人lose the respect of 失去的尊敬send respects to sb. 向某人問好in every respect 在各方面思維拓展in spire sb. to do sth. 激勵人做某事inspiration 靈感，啟示in spired有靈感的inspiring鼓舞的，激勵的He is an unin spired stude nt.他是個平凡的學生。an unin spired performa nee 枯燥的演出思維拓展Post-reading類似的還有：He has no choice but

35、to lie dow n.He has nothing to do but lie dow n.1. The best way to find a good solution is to look for one good answer.找到好的解決方法的最好方法是找到好的答案。本句話中，不定式作表語，如果主語中有實義動詞do,作表語的不定式的to就省略。例如：All you have to do is apologize to him.你必須要做的，就是去同他道歉。His new job is to desig n the machi ne.思維拓展他的新工作是設(shè)計機器。ano ther 3

36、 weeks3 weeks more3 more weeks另外3星期ano ther few weeks另外幾個星期2. Thomas Edison made a rule saying that he had to make an invention every ten days.托馬斯愛迪生規(guī)定每隔十天發(fā)明一樣東西。本句話中，saying是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，用來補充說明 rule的具 體內(nèi)容。例如：When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door reading “ sorry to miss you; will call lat

37、er .”every ten days 每隔十天。例女口 ：The Olympic Games are held every four years (every fourth year).奧林匹克運動會每 4年舉行一次。Language study思維拓展in exchange 交換，調(diào)換I gave her a sweater in excha nge for a skirt.我用一件毛衣和她交換一 條裙子。1.1 ' ll exchange it for twenty eggs我要用它換20個雞蛋。exchange vt.交換；兌換。例如：They excha nged stamp

38、s.他們交換郵票。I often excha nge in formati on with him.excha nge rate 匯率我經(jīng)常和他交換信息。I ' ve bought this tie, but can I exchange it for that one? 我剛買了這條領(lǐng)帶，可不可以換那條呢？Can I excha nge pounds for dollars here?我可以在這里把英鎊換成美元嗎？stick to堅持；不離開stick out 伸出stick on貝占住，貼到上2. During a test, it ' s wise to move on

39、when you get stuck 思維拓展 difficult problem and come back to it later.在考試中，當被問題難住之后，暫時放一下，一會回頭再看， 是明智的。get (be stuck) stuck 陷入，例如: Our car was stuck in the mud. 我們的車子陷入泥濘中。Are you stuck on this questi on? 你被這個問題難住了嗎？Integrating skills1. We are said to be living in the “hformation Age” , a time of 思維拓展

40、new discoveries and great changes.據(jù)說我們生活在“信息時代”，一個充滿新發(fā)現(xiàn)和富有變化的 時代。本句話中a time作the “InformationAge”的同位語。同位語是 一個名詞，表示與前面名詞相同的人或物，如在my friend John中，John 是 friend 的同位語； 在 “he Yangtze, longest river of China 中，Iongest river of China 是 Yangtze 的同位語。2. A computer does keep information in its memory, but that

41、 is clearly different from other kinds of storage.計算機的確在存儲器里存儲信息，但它不同于任何形式的儲 藏。本句話中does表示強調(diào)。例如：You do look nice today!你今天看起來真漂亮。She does like ice cream.她真的太愛冰淇淋了。storage C & U儲藏，貯存；貯藏所，倉庫。例如：Place the goods in storage.把貨物貯藏起來。3. After all, what makes a new invention such a wonderfulthing is that

42、 it allows us to do something we couldn.最終，使一項新發(fā)明成為如此奇妙的事情就在于它可以讓我 們做以前不能做的事。after all意思是“終究，結(jié)果”，表示結(jié)果與預(yù)想不同，通常 置于句尾。也可表示“畢竟”，導(dǎo)出原因，通常置于句首。例如：It has turned out to be a nice day after all.天氣終于轉(zhuǎn)晴了。We admire him although he made a lot of mistakes; after all he was a great man.盡管他犯了許多錯誤，我們?nèi)匀粴J佩他，他畢竟是個偉人。4.

43、Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace, the true challenge is that it allows us to do something we couldn ' t do before不僅名詞可以作同位語，一些相當于名詞的成分也可 用作同位語。如代詞、不定 式、動名詞從句等：the idea that we must make ourcountry both strong思維拓展do用于祈使句時，可表達 邀請對方的心意更加客氣， 親切。例如：Do come in, please.別客氣，

44、請進。強調(diào)對比時經(jīng)常使用：I did tell you, but you have forgotten it.我確實告訴你了，但是你忘 了。思維拓展t qotbefore介詞，表示雖然但是仍然”After all his efforts, he also failed this time .雖然他很努力，但他這次還 是失敗了。above all最重要的是，尤其at all 一點也不；到底；既 然in all全部，合計思維拓展in that在這一點上，因為I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter . 我很幸運能找到好保姆。

45、既然我們正高速地發(fā)展新技術(shù)，真正的挑戰(zhàn)在于它讓我們做 以前不能做的事。now that意思是"既然，由于”。例如：Now (that) you are grown up, you should not depend on your pare nts.既然你長大了，就不應(yīng)該依靠你的父母。Now (that) he is well aga in, he can go on with his En glish study.既然恢復(fù)了健康，他就可以繼續(xù)學習英語。5. Don' t feel bad if you make a mistake當你做錯時，不要感到后悔。feel bad

46、(口語)對感到后悔(遺憾)。例如：I felt bad about telling him a lie.我后悔對他說謊。feel bad感覺不舒服6. Keep track of your mistakes and try to learn from them.注意這些錯誤，從錯誤中得到一些東西。keep track of追蹤，保持聯(lián)系；知道的消息；密切注意的情勢。例如：It ' s hacdkteep track of all one' s old school friends與中學時所有的老校友保持聯(lián)系是很困難的。It ' s difficult to keep t

47、rack of all the new discoveies in genetics. 隨時了解遺傳學的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)是很困難的。Grammar定語從句1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中 充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時， 從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。(1) who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是指人的名詞或代 詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：Is he the man who/ that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎？(who/ that在從句中作主語)He is the man

48、 whom / that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)(2) whose用來指人或物(只用作定語，若指物，它還可以 同of which互換)。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down .那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is gree n.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。(3) which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從 句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：思維

49、拓展go bad腐敗，變壞from bad to worse 每況愈 下思維拓展on the right track 想得對；做得對on the wrong track 想得不對；做錯lose track of 失去的蹤跡；失去思維拓展關(guān)系詞不用that的情況： 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。 例如：(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.介詞后不能用。例如：We depe nd on the land from which we get our food . 我們依賴土地獲得食物。We depend on t

50、he land that/which we get our food from.只能用that作為定語從句 的關(guān)系代詞的情況：在there be句型中，只用 that,不用which。在不定代 詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用 that，不用 which。A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the coun tryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which/that在句中作賓語)The pack

51、age (which/that) you are carrying is about to come un wrapped.你拿的包快散了。( which / that在句中作賓語)(4) as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時， 主要用于the sameas, such as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he (has).我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。Such English as is spoken here is not British English .這兒講的英語不是英國英語。2. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是表時間、地點或理由

52、的名詞，在 從句中作狀語。(1) 關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+which ”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+which ”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield .任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born .北京是我的出生地。Is this the reas on why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？(2) that

53、代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、 理由的名詞后，取代 when, where, why和"介詞+which ”引導(dǎo)的 定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：His father died the year (that / when/ in which) he was born .他父親在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place (that/ where/ in which) he livedforty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。3. 介詞+關(guān)系詞 介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 that前不能有介詞

54、。 某些在從句中充當時間、地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞 when和where互換。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago .這是我兩年前住過的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago .Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？Do you remember the day whe n you joined our club?4. 限制性和非限制性定語從句 先行詞有the only, thevery修飾時，只用 that。 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、 形容詞最高級時，只用that。 先行詞既有人，又有物 時。例如：All that is n eeded is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油。Fin ally, the thief han ded everyth