介詞+關(guān)系代詞

1、Preposition +which / +whomATTIBUTIVE: FOLLOW ME!ATTIBUTIVE: FOLLOW ME!定語從句定語從句介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞的定義關(guān)系詞的定義當(dāng)介詞后的賓語提前做為先行詞時，介詞可當(dāng)介詞后的賓語提前做為先行詞時，介詞可以放在定語從句中，也可提前放于關(guān)系詞前以放在定語從句中，也可提前放于關(guān)系詞前He is the person _ you spoke to that/who/whom He is the person _ you spoke.whomThis is the house _ I lived in 4 years agoThis is

2、the house _ I lived 4y agothat/which whichtoinThe cityThe city whichwhich she lives inin is far away. .The manThe man whomwhom you spoke toto is our headmaster. .The farm which we worked on ten years ago is beautiful.This is the tree which we used to play games under.The farm on which we worked ten

3、years ago is beautiful.The manThe man toto whomwhom you spoke is our headmaster. you spoke is our headmaster.The cityThe city inin whichwhich she lives is far away. .This is the tree under which we used to play games.介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞的功能關(guān)系詞的功能一、一、“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中主要起結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中主要起關(guān)系副關(guān)系副詞的作用，即在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語詞的

4、作用，即在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。用在介詞后的關(guān)。用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有系代詞只有whom, which和和whose 三個，不能用三個，不能用that.二、介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。二、介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。三、先行詞時物時，介詞后用關(guān)系詞三、先行詞時物時，介詞后用關(guān)系詞which，先行詞是人，先行詞是人時，介詞后用關(guān)系詞時，介詞后用關(guān)系詞whom.四、表所屬關(guān)系時用四、表所屬關(guān)系時用of which /whomThe boy _ parents are both doctors won the first place in the exam.whoseThe boy the parent

5、s of whom are both doctors won the first place in the exam.=of whom the parents關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 和介詞和介詞+which之間的關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。來替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 。 1. I wont forget the date on which I was born. 2. This is

6、 the room in which I lived. 3. I dont know the reason for which he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days during which they lived in Tianjin. ! ! 5. Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year. 6. I remember the day on which my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.=when

7、=where=why=when=where=when介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞中介詞的選擇關(guān)系詞中介詞的選擇The money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone.He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam.This is the mountain village _ which I stayed last year.Ill never forget the farm _which I worked together with you.with the money 用錢用錢onwith

8、inonon the day 在那天在那天in the mountain village在山村在山村on the farm在農(nóng)場在農(nóng)場 He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn. The girl _ whom you are talking is working . The West Lake, _ which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. The man _ whom I shook hands just now is my daughters English teach

9、er.二、根據(jù)定語從句中的二、根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞謂語動詞或形容詞確定確定learn from sb. 向某人學(xué)習(xí)向某人學(xué)習(xí)talk to/with sb. 與某人交談與某人交談be famous for 因為因為而聞名而聞名shake hands with sb. 與某人握手與某人握手fromto/withforwith Air, _which man cant live, is really important.三、根據(jù)定語從句三、根據(jù)定語從句句意或主從句的搭配關(guān)系句意或主從句的搭配關(guān)系來確定來確定The pen _ which he is writing now was bo

10、ught yesterday.This is my pair of glasses, _ which I cannot see clearly.He is the girl _ whom you went to concert last night.withoutwithwithoutwith一般情況下，介詞放在關(guān)系代詞一般情況下，介詞放在關(guān)系代詞whichwhich和和whomwhom之之 前，也可放在動詞后。前，也可放在動詞后。 固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前. .常見的這類動詞短語有常見的這類動詞短語有: look for/after/for

11、ward to、care for、 take care of、hear of/about/from, 等等. This is the right place Im looking for. The girl whom he is looking after is his sister. 介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系詞中介詞的位置關(guān)系詞中介詞的位置 介詞介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句, ,關(guān)關(guān)鍵是判斷鍵是判斷介詞的選擇介詞的選擇, ,方法一是看從句方法一是看從句謂語部分謂語部分缺少什么介詞缺少什么介詞( (習(xí)慣搭配習(xí)慣搭配), ),再再則可以通過整個句子整體含義來判斷則可以通過整個句子整

12、體含義來判斷, ,結(jié)合生活實際來判斷結(jié)合生活實際來判斷. . Tips1. Do you like the book on which she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book for which she paid $10?3. Do you like the book form which she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book about which she often talks? 介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞的使用關(guān)系代詞的使用5. The man to whom I spoke on the phone la

13、st night is very good at writing.6. Glasses, without which I cant see clearly, are really important for me.7. China is a beautiful country, of which we are proud.8. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.=This is the teacher the dau

14、ghter of whom is a famous doctor.1.1.名詞名詞+ +介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada. 2.2.數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+ +介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞( (含基數(shù)詞含基數(shù)詞. .序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞. .分分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)）數(shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)） 3.3.代詞代詞+ +介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞（代詞有關(guān)系代詞（代詞有allall、bothboth、nonenone、eithereither、eithereither、somesome、anyany等）等） The old wo

15、man has two sons, both of whom are teachers. I have many friends , some of whom are from China. 4.4.形容詞最高級形容詞最高級+ +介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island. 5. 5.介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞+ +名詞名詞He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine.Lo

16、ok at these sentences !We bought a house in front of _ there is a lake.We had a barbecue on the farm behind _ we found a wood.Mike reached the post office, on the right of _ he noticed a supermarket.whichwhichwhich1.The man _I shook hands just now is my daughters English teacher.2.A desert is a grea

17、t plain _ nothing will grow.3.He was the man _room the thief had stolen the bag.4.This is my pair of glasses, _I cannot see clearly.from whosewithout which5.The girl _he spoke made no answer.6.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _are sold abroad.7.They asked me a lot o

18、f questions, many _ I couldnt answer. 8.Two men, _I had ever seen before, came into my office. 我以我以前從未見過他們前從未見過他們9.He got his first salary，_ he gave to his parents. 其中一半其中一半10.Our country has many islands, _is Taiwan. 其中最大的其中最大的11.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the s

19、ailing time was 226 days. 介詞加關(guān)系代詞的基本用法The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.Did you find the pen _ I wrote just now?Did you find the paper _ I wrote my letter?Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now? with whomin whichwith whichon w

20、hichwhich The farm we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be. He is the man you can turn for help. This is the tree we used to play games.on whichto whomunder whichon the farm 在農(nóng)場在農(nóng)場turn to sb. for help 向某人求助向某人求助under the tree 在樹下在樹下n The sun gives us heat and light, _ we cant live.n The stud

21、ent _ we were talking just now is the best student in our class.n Ill never forget the day _ she said goodbye to me.n Who can give me the reason _ he hasnt turned up yet?without whichabout whomon whichfor which1. The teacher_ _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu.2. This is the house_ _ LuXun once lived.3.The

22、 reason _ _ I came here is that I want to get your help.4. The fellow _ _ I spoke made no answer.5. The West Lake, _ _ Hangzhou is famous ,is a beautiful place.from whom in whichfor which to whomfor whichPractice1.Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well? A.in front of it B. in front

23、of whose C.in front of which D.in front which2.Ill never forget the day_I joined the League. A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which3.The woman_my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whomCAB4.Jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklace. A.from who B.from whom C.

24、to that D.to whom5.His glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg. A.which B.with which C.without which D.that6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_much can be learned. A.who B.that C. from which D.from whomBCD7.He built a telescope_he could study the skies. A.in which B.w

25、ith that C.through which D.by it8.Do you know the reason_he was late? A.that B.which C.for what D.for which9.I have bought two ballpens,_writes well. A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of themCDB10.The Second World War_millions of people were killed in 1945. A.during which B

26、.in that C.where D.on which11.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which12.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with whichACD13. The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high.14. In

27、the park there are many flowers,the colour _ which is bright and nice.15. The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures.16. What were the things_which he was not too sure?17.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech.18.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth r

28、eading.atofinaboutatfor19.Is this the man_whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?20.The villagers dug along tunnel_which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.21.Wu Dong,_whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.22.The stories about Long March,_w

29、hich this is one example,are well hroughwithof I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. 狀語狀語 I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. 賓語賓語 The house _ we visited is being repaired now. 賓語賓語 The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now. 狀語狀語when(which/that)(whi

30、ch/that)whereThe reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill.The reason_he gave isnt believable. 賓語賓語whythat whichx1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what that 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別

31、先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, no ,something, anything等不等不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞用定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞用 that4. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whomu 先行詞為人和物的組合，關(guān)系代詞用先行詞為人和物的組合，關(guān)系代詞用that。u 若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或或 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重

32、復(fù), 關(guān)系代詞用關(guān)系代詞用 that。7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it u先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時，關(guān)系代詞用等時，關(guān)系代詞用th

33、at。5. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it 1. 先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等等不定代詞不定代詞.2.先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等修飾時。等修飾時。3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級形容詞最高級(the best), t

34、he last, the very, the only 等時。等時。4. 先行詞為人和物的組合。先行詞為人和物的組合。5.若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或者或者 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)系代詞用關(guān)系代詞用 that。 只用只用that的情況的情況: that 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 1. Jim passed the driving test 1. Jim passed the driving test, , _ _ surprised everybody in the office. surprised everybody in the office

35、. A.which B that C this A.which B that C this D.it D.it 只用只用which的情況的情況:1.逗號后面逗號后面 2.介詞后面介詞后面2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A on which B that C which D.this u一個句子一個句子,兩個定語從句兩個定語從句,為避免重復(fù)為避免重復(fù),一個用一個用that,另一另一個用個用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library _ was newly

36、open to us. A that B which C where D asAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在one, anyone, those 指人時一般用指人時一般用“who”。he/she/I / they作先行詞時作先行詞時, 用用“who” 代替代替 “that”.考點二考點二: that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別whowhowho考點三考點三:介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 提醒提醒: 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

37、介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 關(guān)鍵是判斷關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇介詞的選擇.方法一方法一:根據(jù)從句中根據(jù)從句中動詞動詞與與先行詞先行詞習(xí)慣搭配習(xí)慣搭配；方法二方法二:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。邏輯關(guān)系。 注意：注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由常常由“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引出。此時關(guān)系代詞只能用引出。此時關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替。代替。1. The man with whom you shook hands just now is our head

38、master.2. The room in which my family live used to be a garage.The man is from Beijing University .I talked about him at the meeting.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不

39、能用關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用that，也不能省，也不能省略，常用略，常用which或或whom。該介詞通常可以放在關(guān)系代。該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。 但遇固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。但遇固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。 Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? 考點四：考點四：asas與與whichwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換, ,但但下列情況多用下列情

40、況多用asas。 1. 1.當(dāng)與當(dāng)與suchsuch或或the samethe same、soso、asas連用時，一般用連用時，一般用asas。 Such Such books books as as you tell me are interestingyou tell me are interesting I have I have the same the same plan plan asas you.you. 2. 2.as as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首,as,as本身有本身有“正如正如,正正象象”之意，與之連用的詞有之意，與之連用的詞有 knowknow、seesee、expectexpect、AnnounceAnnounce、point out point out 等。等。 AsAs we all know, the earth is round. we all know, the earth is round.1. _ Engels pointed out , labour created ma