非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞高考考點(diǎn)聚焦

1、.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞高考考點(diǎn)聚焦一：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括：1. （表示 ） 2. （表示 ） 3 （表示 ）二：基本構(gòu)成：to do一般式完成式進(jìn)行式主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) doing形式主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) done 形式被動(dòng) 三 解題思路：1. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定選項(xiàng)在句子中充當(dāng)何種成分（定語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等）。2. 找出該動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，確定該動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及該動(dòng)作的發(fā)生時(shí)間（已經(jīng)完成、正在進(jìn)行、即將發(fā)生）。3. 注意某些特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。四 基本用法：（一） 做主語(yǔ) （能夠做主語(yǔ)的是 _和_） 1. It is+ adj. / n. (for / of sb. ) to do sth e.g

2、Its hard for us to finish the work in five days.Its really kind of you to give us a hand. 2. It is no use（no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time） + doing sth. There is no point ( use, sense, good) + doing sth.（二） 做表語(yǔ) （能夠做表語(yǔ)的是： ）1. 分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于形容詞，常用的這類動(dòng)詞是關(guān)于“喜怒哀樂(lè)驚”等。2. 注意區(qū)分被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和V-ed做表語(yǔ)的情況：e.g The

3、cup is broken. （ ）The cup was broken by Harry. （ ）這些系動(dòng)詞和連系動(dòng)詞后面可以跟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式做表語(yǔ)：be, look, smell, taste, sound , feel, keep, stay , remain, get,e.g (1). Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. ( 2009四川卷)A seated B seating C to seat D seat(2). In April, thousands of holidaymakers rema

4、ined _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (2010福建卷) A sticking B stuck C to be stuck D to have stuck (三) 做賓語(yǔ) （能夠做賓語(yǔ)的是 _ 和 _）注意區(qū)分下列三類動(dòng)詞用法：1. want , would like , would prefer , ask , demand , intend, desire ，wish , hope ,expect agree ,decide , manage , plan , promise happen ,learn , fail , pretend

5、, refuse , afford2. feel like, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, excuse, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, keep, miss, practise, suggest3. remember/forget to do sth. ; remember/forget doing sth; try to do sth., try doing sth.mean to do sth. , mean doing.; cant help to do sth., cant help

6、 doing sth; go on to do sth., go on doing sth.; stop to do , stop doing4. need , want, require + _/ _ be worth +_5. do nothing but do sth ; have no choice but to do sth總結(jié)：不定式除可用在except, but, besides等介詞后作賓語(yǔ)之外，一般不用作介詞賓語(yǔ)。此時(shí)，不定式能否省略to，取決于其前是否有行為動(dòng)詞do的形式。有則省略，無(wú)則不能省略。（四）做定語(yǔ) （三種形式均可以做定語(yǔ)）位置名詞前（前置定語(yǔ)）動(dòng)名詞和分詞名詞后

7、（后置定語(yǔ)）分詞和不定式1. 動(dòng)名詞只能作前置定語(yǔ)，表示用途，不用考慮主被動(dòng)。a reading room ,2. 分詞做前置定語(yǔ)（通常是單個(gè)分詞），考慮與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng), 正在進(jìn)行；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表完成；及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞既表完成又表被動(dòng)。 boiled water , boiling water; a finished project3. 分詞短語(yǔ)和to do做后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 分詞做后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，首先考慮所填動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系，然后考慮動(dòng)詞所發(fā)生的時(shí)間。having done/ having been done形式只能在句中做狀語(yǔ)；

8、不定式作后置定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。e.g Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _(borrow) from the library. His first book _ (publish) next month is based on a true story. (2010陜西卷)There are only five minutes _。(leave/go).The government plans to bring in new laws _（force）parents to take more responsibility for th

9、e education of their children. (2009 江西卷)4. 特殊用法：（1） 當(dāng)名詞被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或the only 等詞修飾時(shí)，其后常用to do做后置定語(yǔ)。（2） 用來(lái)修飾的詞是下列抽象名詞時(shí)，常用to do 做后置定語(yǔ)：ability, chance, idea, attempt, belief等（3） 當(dāng)名詞是message, letter, news, notice, book , report , sign等時(shí)，其后常用say, read 的V-ing做后置定語(yǔ)，表示“主語(yǔ)顯示什么內(nèi)容”的含義。（4） to do主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的用法： There

10、 be + n + to do . sb / sth + be + adj + to do . 主語(yǔ) + Vt + 賓語(yǔ) + to do . 主語(yǔ) + Vt + 賓語(yǔ) + to be done . That / This + be + n + to do . 主語(yǔ)+ Vt + 賓語(yǔ) + adj + to do .（五）做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（能夠做賓補(bǔ)的有： ）1.感官動(dòng)詞see, look at, watch, find; notice; observe; hear; listen to, feel等后2. have, get, make，let, leave等使役動(dòng)詞后 “have + 賓語(yǔ) + V

11、-ed” ：表示 表示3. 用在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示尚未發(fā)生的將來(lái)動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，完成。e.g The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. (2010山東卷) A laid B laying C to lay D being laid4. sb seems / appears / happenes+ to do的五種形式=sb be said/ believed / known / reported / c

12、onsidered+ to do的五種形式 =（六）做狀語(yǔ)（能夠做狀語(yǔ)的有： ）不定式作狀語(yǔ)通常表示目的（置于句首和句中）、原因（置于句中）、結(jié)果（置于句中）；分詞作狀語(yǔ)可表示原因、時(shí)間、條件、方式、伴隨狀態(tài)、讓步等,但都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語(yǔ)從句。1. 模式：1. “_，主句” 該模式只有表目的時(shí)用不定式，其他一律用分詞。 2. “主句 , _” 該模式只有表意外的結(jié)果時(shí)用不定式，表自然而然的結(jié)果用V-ing。e.g _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.(2010天津卷)A Completing B Having com

13、pleted C To have completed D To complete There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(江西卷)A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered He hurried to the station , (only) _(tell) the train had gone. The news shocked the public, _ to great concern about students safety

14、 at school.(2010重慶卷) A having led B led C leading D to lead2. _ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(2010陜西卷) A Seen B Seeing C Having seen D To see _ the city centre, we saw a statue of about 10 metres in height. (2010上海卷) A Approaching B Approached C To appr

15、oach D To be approached The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains. (2010江西卷) A keep B kept C keeping D to keep Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (2010湖南卷) A struggling B struggled C having struggled D to struggle總

16、結(jié)：3. _ and short of breath, Andy and Buby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(2009浙江卷) A To be tired B Tired C Tiring D Being tired 總結(jié)： 形容詞(過(guò)去分詞)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。注意分析“形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)在句中做狀語(yǔ)”的情況，表示對(duì)主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)等情況進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，在句中位置靈活。是高考考查重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。4. 三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)分別為: 5. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 名詞或代詞 + doing / done / to do / adj / adv / 介詞短語(yǔ)等 If weather permits, we are going to visit you tomorrow. = 6 狀語(yǔ)從句的省略：在時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主從句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞，則可以把從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省略,形成“連詞(when/if/unless ) + _”的形式。 Though _ to see us, the profess