非謂語動詞高考考點聚焦

1、.非謂語動詞高考考點聚焦一：非謂語動詞包括：1. （表示 ） 2. （表示 ） 3 （表示 ）二：基本構(gòu)成：to do一般式完成式進行式主動 被動 doing形式主動 被動 done 形式被動 三 解題思路：1. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定選項在句子中充當(dāng)何種成分（定語，賓補，狀語，表語等）。2. 找出該動詞的邏輯主語，確定該動詞與邏輯主語是主動還是被動關(guān)系，以及該動作的發(fā)生時間（已經(jīng)完成、正在進行、即將發(fā)生）。3. 注意某些特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。四 基本用法：（一） 做主語 （能夠做主語的是 _和_） 1. It is+ adj. / n. (for / of sb. ) to do sth e.g

2、Its hard for us to finish the work in five days.Its really kind of you to give us a hand. 2. It is no use（no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time） + doing sth. There is no point ( use, sense, good) + doing sth.（二） 做表語 （能夠做表語的是： ）1. 分詞作表語時相當(dāng)于形容詞，常用的這類動詞是關(guān)于“喜怒哀樂驚”等。2. 注意區(qū)分被動語態(tài)和V-ed做表語的情況：e.g The

3、cup is broken. （ ）The cup was broken by Harry. （ ）這些系動詞和連系動詞后面可以跟非謂語動詞形式做表語：be, look, smell, taste, sound , feel, keep, stay , remain, get,e.g (1). Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. ( 2009四川卷)A seated B seating C to seat D seat(2). In April, thousands of holidaymakers rema

4、ined _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (2010福建卷) A sticking B stuck C to be stuck D to have stuck (三) 做賓語 （能夠做賓語的是 _ 和 _）注意區(qū)分下列三類動詞用法：1. want , would like , would prefer , ask , demand , intend, desire ，wish , hope ,expect agree ,decide , manage , plan , promise happen ,learn , fail , pretend

5、, refuse , afford2. feel like, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, excuse, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, keep, miss, practise, suggest3. remember/forget to do sth. ; remember/forget doing sth; try to do sth., try doing sth.mean to do sth. , mean doing.; cant help to do sth., cant help

6、 doing sth; go on to do sth., go on doing sth.; stop to do , stop doing4. need , want, require + _/ _ be worth +_5. do nothing but do sth ; have no choice but to do sth總結(jié)：不定式除可用在except, but, besides等介詞后作賓語之外，一般不用作介詞賓語。此時，不定式能否省略to，取決于其前是否有行為動詞do的形式。有則省略，無則不能省略。（四）做定語 （三種形式均可以做定語）位置名詞前（前置定語）動名詞和分詞名詞后

7、（后置定語）分詞和不定式1. 動名詞只能作前置定語，表示用途，不用考慮主被動。a reading room ,2. 分詞做前置定語（通常是單個分詞），考慮與其邏輯主語的主被動關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動, 正在進行；不及物動詞的過去分詞只表完成；及物動詞的過去分詞既表完成又表被動。 boiled water , boiling water; a finished project3. 分詞短語和to do做后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。 分詞做后置定語時，首先考慮所填動詞與其邏輯主語的主被動關(guān)系，然后考慮動詞所發(fā)生的時間。having done/ having been done形式只能在句中做狀語；

8、不定式作后置定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。e.g Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _(borrow) from the library. His first book _ (publish) next month is based on a true story. (2010陜西卷)There are only five minutes _。(leave/go).The government plans to bring in new laws _（force）parents to take more responsibility for th

9、e education of their children. (2009 江西卷)4. 特殊用法：（1） 當(dāng)名詞被序數(shù)詞、最高級或the only 等詞修飾時，其后常用to do做后置定語。（2） 用來修飾的詞是下列抽象名詞時，常用to do 做后置定語：ability, chance, idea, attempt, belief等（3） 當(dāng)名詞是message, letter, news, notice, book , report , sign等時，其后常用say, read 的V-ing做后置定語，表示“主語顯示什么內(nèi)容”的含義。（4） to do主動形式表示被動意義的用法： There

10、 be + n + to do . sb / sth + be + adj + to do . 主語 + Vt + 賓語 + to do . 主語 + Vt + 賓語 + to be done . That / This + be + n + to do . 主語+ Vt + 賓語 + adj + to do .（五）做賓語補足語（能夠做賓補的有： ）1.感官動詞see, look at, watch, find; notice; observe; hear; listen to, feel等后2. have, get, make，let, leave等使役動詞后 “have + 賓語 + V

11、-ed” ：表示 表示3. 用在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示尚未發(fā)生的將來動作，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動關(guān)系，正在進行，過去分詞表示被動關(guān)系，完成。e.g The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. (2010山東卷) A laid B laying C to lay D being laid4. sb seems / appears / happenes+ to do的五種形式=sb be said/ believed / known / reported / c

12、onsidered+ to do的五種形式 =（六）做狀語（能夠做狀語的有： ）不定式作狀語通常表示目的（置于句首和句中）、原因（置于句中）、結(jié)果（置于句中）；分詞作狀語可表示原因、時間、條件、方式、伴隨狀態(tài)、讓步等,但都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語從句。1. 模式：1. “_，主句” 該模式只有表目的時用不定式，其他一律用分詞。 2. “主句 , _” 該模式只有表意外的結(jié)果時用不定式，表自然而然的結(jié)果用V-ing。e.g _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.(2010天津卷)A Completing B Having com

13、pleted C To have completed D To complete There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(江西卷)A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered He hurried to the station , (only) _(tell) the train had gone. The news shocked the public, _ to great concern about students safety

14、 at school.(2010重慶卷) A having led B led C leading D to lead2. _ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(2010陜西卷) A Seen B Seeing C Having seen D To see _ the city centre, we saw a statue of about 10 metres in height. (2010上海卷) A Approaching B Approached C To appr

15、oach D To be approached The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains. (2010江西卷) A keep B kept C keeping D to keep Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (2010湖南卷) A struggling B struggled C having struggled D to struggle總

16、結(jié)：3. _ and short of breath, Andy and Buby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(2009浙江卷) A To be tired B Tired C Tiring D Being tired 總結(jié)： 形容詞(過去分詞)做伴隨狀語。注意分析“形容詞或形容詞短語在句中做狀語”的情況，表示對主語的狀態(tài)等情況進行說明，在句中位置靈活。是高考考查重點和難點。4. 三種非謂語動詞形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)分別為: 5. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 名詞或代詞 + doing / done / to do / adj / adv / 介詞短語等 If weather permits, we are going to visit you tomorrow. = 6 狀語從句的省略：在時間、條件、原因、讓步等狀語從句中，如果主從句主語一致，且從句中含有be動詞，則可以把從句中的主語和be動詞省略,形成“連詞(when/if/unless ) + _”的形式。 Though _ to see us, the profess