XXXX年MBAMPA模擬考試-英語卷

1、啟用前·絕密2011年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）試題英語（A2卷） 考生注意事項1. 考生必須嚴格遵守各項考場規(guī)則。2. 答題前，考生應(yīng)將答題卡上的“考生姓名”、“報考單位”、“考生編號”等信息填寫清楚，并與準考證上的一致。3. 答案必須按要求填涂或?qū)懺谥付ǖ拇痤}卡上。（1） 詞匯知識、綜合填空、閱讀理解的答案填涂在答題卡（一）上，英譯漢的答案和作文的寫在答題卡（二）上。（2） 填涂部分應(yīng)該按照答題卡上的要求用2B鉛筆完成。如要改動，必須用橡皮擦干凈。書寫部分（英譯漢的答案和作文）必須用藍（黑）色字跡鋼筆、圓珠筆或簽字筆在答題卡上作答。4. 答題卡嚴禁折疊。考試結(jié)束后，將答

2、題卡（一）和答題卡（二）一起放入原試卷袋中，試卷交給監(jiān)考人員。 2011年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）試題Section IUse of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on Answer Sheet 1(10 points)Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they creat

3、e and own. Intellectual property _1_from creative thinking and may include products, _2_, processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected _3_ misappropriation (盜用) Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without _4_ compensation and using it for monetary gain.Legal pr

4、otection is provided for the _5_ of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent Office _6_ a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is _7_. The patent preven

5、ts others from making, using, or selling the invention without the owners _8_ for a period of 20 years.Copyright are similar to patents _9_ that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an _10_ artistic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives

6、 the owner exclusive rights to copy, _11_, display, or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work. The _12_ of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author _13_ an additional 70 years.Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer o

7、f a product and _14_ it from similar goods of others. A servicemark is similar to a trademark _15_ is used to identify service. A trademark prevents others from using the _16_ or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and _17_ of the brand or to create confusion in the

8、marketplace. _18_ registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be _19_ for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as _20_ as the marks use continues. 1.A.retrievesB.deviatesC.resultsD.departs2.A.servicesB.reservesC.assumptionsD.motions3.A.forB.withC.byD.from4.A.so

9、undB.partialC.dueD.random5.A.usersB.ownersC.mastersD.executives6.A.affordsB.affiliatesC.fundsD.grants7.A.solemnB.soberC.uniqueD.universal8.A.perspectiveB.permissionC.conformityD.consensus9.A.exceptB.besidesC.beyondD.despite10.A.absoluteB.alternativeC.originalD.orthodox11.A.presumeB.stimulateC.nomina

10、teD.distribute12.A.rangeB.lengthC.scaleD.extent13.A.plus B.versusC.viaD.until14.A.distract B.differC.distinguishD.disconnect15.A.or B.butC.soD.whereas16.A.identical B.analogicalC.literalD.parallel17.A.ambiguity B.utilityC.popularityD.proximity18.A.From B.OverC.BeforeD.Upon19.A.recurred B.renewedC.re

11、calledD.recovered20.A.long B.soonC.farD.wellSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1 (40 points)Text 1Within a large concrete room, cut out of a mountain on

12、a freezing-told island just 1,000 kilometers from the North Pole, could lie the future of humanity.The room is a vault (地下庫) designed to hold around 2 million seeds, representing all known varieties of the worlds crops. It is being built to safeguard the worlds food supply against nuclear war, clima

13、te change, terrorism, rising sea levels, earthquakes and the collapse of electricity supplies. “If the worst came to the worst, this would allow the world to reconstruct agriculture on this planet.” says Cary Fowler, director of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, an independent international organizat

14、ion promoting the project.The Norwegian (挪威的) government is planning to create the seed bank next year at the request of crop scientists. The 3 million vault will be built deep inside a sandstone mountain on the Norwegian Arctic island of Spitsbergen. The vault will have metre-thick walls of reinfor

15、ced concrete and will be protected behind two airlocks and high-security doors.The vaults seed collection will represent the products of some 10,000 years of plant breeding by the worlds famers. Though most are no longer widely planted, the varieties contain vital genetic properties still regularly

16、used in plant breeding.To survive, the seeds need freezing temperatures. Operators plan to replace the air inside thevault each winter, when temperatures in Spitsbergen are around -18. But even if some disaster meant that the vault was abandoned, the permanently frozen soil would keep the seeds aliv

17、e. And even accelerated global warming would take many decades to penetrate the mountain vault.“This will be the worlds most secure gene bank,” says Fowler. “But its seeds will only be used when all other samples have gone for some reason.”The project comes at a time when there is growing concern ab

18、out the safety of existing seed banks around the world. Many have been criticized for poor security, ageing refrigeration (冷藏) systems and vulnerable electricity supplies.The scheme won UN approval at a meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome in October 2005. A feasibility study sai

19、d the facility “would essentially be built to last forever”.21.The Norwegian vault is important in that _.A. the seeds in it represent the rarest varieties of worlds crops.B. the seeds in it could revive agriculture if the worst thing should happenC. it is built deep in a mountain on a freezing-cold

20、 Arctic islandD. it is strong enough against all disasters caused by man and nature22. The seed bank project was proposed by _.A. the Norwegian government B. Norwegian farmersC. Spitsbergen residents D. agricultural scientists23. The seeds in the vault will be stored _.A. as samples of world crop va

21、rietiesB. as products of world plant breedingC. for their valuable genetic propertiesD. for their resistance to plant diseases24. For the seed bank project to be successful, the most important factor is probably_.A. constructing tight airlocksB. maintaining high securityC. keeping freezing temperatu

22、resD. storing large quantities of seeds25.Which of the following statements is true?A.The Norwegian vault models after existing seed banksB.The Spitsbergen seed bank is expected to last 10,000 yearsC.The existing seed banks have potential problemsD.The UN financed the Spitsbergen seed bankText 2Both

23、 the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution. The dev

24、elopment of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.In agricultu

25、re, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nations farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them. In manufacturing, the transformation was marked by the emergenc

26、e of a “new factory system” in which plants became larger, more complex, and more systematically organized and managed. And in distribution, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the jobber, the wholesaler, and the mass retailer. These changes radically altered the nature of work during

27、the half century between 1870 and 1920.To be sure, there were still small workshops, where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures. There were the sweatshops in city tenements, where groups of men and women in household settings manufacture

28、d clothing or cigars on a piecework basis. And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building. But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 m

29、illion in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920, the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned, as did the size of the average plant. (The Baldwin Works had 600 employees in 1855, 3,000 in 1875, and 8,000 in 1900.) By 1920, at least in the northea

30、stern United States where most of the nations manufacturing wage earners were concentrated, three-quarters of those worked in factories with more than 100 employees and 30 percent worked in factories with more than 1,000 employees.26.What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural secto

31、r of the economy after the Civil War?A.New technological developments had little effect on farmers.B.The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.C.Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.D.Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transport

32、ation.27.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as part of the “new factory system?”A.A change in the organization of factories.B.A growth in the complexity of factories.C.An increase in the size of factories.D.An increase in the cost of manufacturing industrial products.28.Which of the following

33、statements about manufacturing before 1870 can be inferred from the passage?A.Most manufacturing activity was highly organized.B.Most manufacturing occurred in relatively small plants.C.The most commonly manufactured goods were cotton presses.D.Manufacturing and agriculture each made up about half o

34、f the nations economy.29.The author mentions the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Paragraph 3 because it wasA.a well-known metal-worksB.the first plant of its kind in PhiladelphiaC.typical of the large factories that were becoming more commonD.typical of factories that consisted of a single building30.Th

35、e word “presided over” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to A.managed B.led toC.worked inD.producedText 3In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victims family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshib

36、a sold sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post. These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a fault

37、y Boeing repair. The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authoritythe responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary

38、that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.” Such acce

39、ptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the fi

40、rst pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business. Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual accep

41、tance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility, many US managers would probabl

42、y welcome an infusion (灌輸) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character. 31. Why did the chairman of To

43、shiba resign his position in 1987? A.In Japan, the leakage of a state secret to Russians is a grave crime. B.He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates. C.In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries. D.He h

44、ad been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation. 32. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to _. A. apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakes B. be skillful in accepting blames from customers C. make symbo

45、lic sacrifices whenever necessary D. create a strong sense of company loyalty 33.Whats Professor George Lodges attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders? A.sympatheticB.biased C.critical D.approving. 34.Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Boeing had nothing to do with

46、 the JAL air crash in 1985. B. American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable. C. School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes. D. Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesnt help solve corporate crises. 35.The passage is mainly about _. A.resignation

47、as an effective way of dealing with business crises B.the importance of delegating responsibility to employees C.ways of evading responsibility in times of crises D.the difference between two business cultures Text 4The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were

48、marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glas

49、s objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its gre

50、atest popularity had been generically termed “art glass.” Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated

51、was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully co

52、mbining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been pre

53、sent since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movementthat function should determine formwas not a new concept. Soon a

54、distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which ca

55、used Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline, and complex textural surfaces.36.What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?A.Design elements in the Art Nouveau styleB.The popularity of the Art Nouveau styleC.Production techniques f

56、or art glassD.Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style37.What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?A.To compare different Art Nouveau stylesB.To give examples of famous Art Nouveau artistsC.To explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United StatesD.To show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world38.What does the author mean by stating that “function should determine form” (para 3, line 6)?A.A useful object should not be attractiveB.The purpose of an object should influence its formC.The design of an object is considered more significant tha