八年級(jí)英語完形填空解題技巧實(shí)用教案

1、 一、 完形填空的特點(diǎn)是什么？ 完形填空是一種旨在考查考生(koshng)的閱讀能力、邏輯推理及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力的典型題，難易程度與初中教材相當(dāng)，詞數(shù)在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25個(gè)詞左右設(shè)一空。人名、 地名、日期等不在設(shè)空之列。隔詞數(shù)越少，題目越難；反之亦然。第1頁/共25頁第一頁，共26頁。文體多以記敘文為主，首句通常不設(shè)空?？疾閮?nèi)容集中在對(duì)名詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞、形容詞和副詞等實(shí)詞的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否(nn fu)在缺字，不認(rèn)得字、詞語的情況下，能否(nn fu)通過推理判斷、綜合分析等全面理解文章的正確意思，然后把答案填入空白處，使短文前后連貫、意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整

2、合理。它的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)就是突出語篇，即重在文意的干擾，把具體的語言知識(shí)融進(jìn)具體的語言情境中去，考查學(xué)生通過上下文對(duì)整體文意進(jìn)行把握的能力。第2頁/共25頁第二頁，共26頁。 二、完形填空的考查點(diǎn) “完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生(xu sheng)語法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。 重點(diǎn)考查:詞語搭配、詞語辨析、邏輯推斷、前后呼應(yīng)等，有時(shí)兼顧一些講英語國(guó)家的語言及生活習(xí)慣等。第3頁/共25頁第三頁，共26頁。 詞語搭配包括:習(xí)慣用語、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞(jic)、名詞等的相互搭配； 詞語辨析包括:近義詞的辨析和易混詞的辨析； 邏輯推斷包括:根據(jù)上下文的信息判斷和邏輯關(guān)系，如轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)

3、、因果、條件、讓步等關(guān)系，也包括根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，選出一個(gè)意思與內(nèi)容相符合的詞或詞語； 前后呼應(yīng)是指有些句子如果孤立地理解，可能有多個(gè)選擇，并且意思都能成立，但把前后文結(jié)合或聯(lián)系起來理解，就只能有一個(gè)選擇 第4頁/共25頁第四頁，共26頁。 三、完形填空題的解題步驟及技巧 1.第一步：細(xì)讀首句，跳過空格，通讀全文，掌握大意 細(xì)讀首句:明確短文話題，了解篇章(pinzhng)結(jié)構(gòu),預(yù)測(cè)全文內(nèi)容。 跳過空格，快速通讀，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，把握中心。 生詞的處理:跳過、判斷詞性、了解大意、猜 測(cè)。第5頁/共25頁第五頁，共26頁。 第二步：上下聯(lián)系，逐句閱讀，先易后難，初定答案。 答案要求 語法正確, 搭配無誤

4、, 結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意思通順, 前后(qinhu)一致, 邏輯得當(dāng)。 怎樣分析： A. 從空格所在的句子單獨(dú)考慮。 B. 從空格所在的前后(qinhu)2-3句考慮。 C. 從整個(gè)段落、整篇短文考慮。 思路一: 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從語法和句型結(jié)構(gòu)考慮。 思路二: 理解句子含義，判斷句義關(guān)系，從詞匯的意義、用法和搭配考慮。 思路三: 把握整體意思，尋找答題線索，從上下文考慮。 思路四: 結(jié)合前后(qinhu)語境，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從日常生活常識(shí)考慮。第6頁/共25頁第六頁，共26頁。 第三步：復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對(duì)，驗(yàn)證答案(d n)，堅(jiān)定信心。 怎樣驗(yàn)證答案(d n)： 所選答案(d n)是否能使全文流暢，邏

5、輯推理是否正確。 具體實(shí)事是否成立，前后關(guān)系是否理順。 語法是否正確，其中包括時(shí)態(tài)的選擇、詞匯選擇、固定搭配等。 在通讀全文時(shí)最好在可能的條件下將所選答案(d n)填入文章中，反復(fù)閱讀。 第7頁/共25頁第七頁，共26頁。1.Mr Black is a doctor, he works in the _.hospital nightno / littlepass butChallenge Yourself2.A nurse not only works in the day, but also works during the_.3.He is rather busy, so he has _

6、time to have lunch at home.4.We have an English test this term, its very easy, most students can _this test. 5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday, they were very tired _happy.第8頁/共25頁第八頁，共26頁。Skill 1：context（上下文、語境（上下文、語境(y jn)） In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate

7、 of a train station. He was playing his _16_. His music was so great that many people put money into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violin as usual. 16. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. saxviolinviolin第9頁/共25頁第九頁，共26頁。Skill 1：context（上下文、語境（上下文、語境(y jn)

8、） Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣(dchn)）. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He asked, “How many baskets of 41 are there in the pool?” . as big as the pool, there is one basket of water41. A. fish B. flowers C. water D. applesbasket of waterwaterbaskets of第10頁/共25頁第十頁，共26

9、頁。England is a country with weather. It is often windyand rainy. A. nice B. windy C.bad Skill 1：context（上下文、語境（上下文、語境(y jn)）第11頁/共25頁第十一頁，共26頁。Skill 1：context（上下文、語境（上下文、語境(y jn)）There were so many people on the bus that there were _1_ empty seats. When a young man got out, an old man near him wante

10、d to_2_, but the young man pushed him back his seat.“ Thank you,” he said, “ but please dont do that, I can stand.”1. A. many B. some C. enough D. no2.A. sit down B. get on C. set out D. stand up第12頁/共25頁第十二頁，共26頁。 When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)(fxin)） some differences in school life between the US

11、 and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _44_ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. 44. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. laterfiftySkill 2：logic（邏輯推理）forty-five第13頁/共25頁第十三頁，共26頁。Skill 2：logic（邏輯推理）（邏輯推理） My mother often aske

12、d me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 17 ，Mommy” She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聾的）17. A. ears B. eyes C. body D. headsounddeaf第14頁/共25頁第十四頁，共26頁。Skill 2：logic（邏輯推理）（邏輯推理）第15頁/共25頁第十五頁，共26頁。 When two people are in a conv

13、ersation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking48. A. for B. of C. with D. topay attentiontoSkill 3：regular collocation（固定(gdng)搭配）第16頁/共25頁第十六頁，共26頁。Skill 3：regular collocation（固定（固定(gdn

14、g)搭配）搭配） In the morning, the king went to visit the pond. To his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea 48 that man. 48. A. with B. to C. as D. ofthe sameas第17頁/共25頁第十七頁，共26頁。 Skill 3：regular collocation（固定（固定(gdng)搭配）搭配） Its Sunday. Some studen

15、ts are going _1_ a trip with their teacher. _2_ their way they saw a bus behind them.1. A. to B. for C. on D. at 2. A. On B. By C.At D. To第18頁/共25頁第十八頁，共26頁。Skill 4：grammar analysis（語法分析）（語法分析） As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them. I think Ill also make

16、many good 25 and live with them, because I dont like living alone. 25. A. friend B. friends C. friends D. friendsmanys第19頁/共25頁第十九頁，共26頁。 Skill 4：grammar analysis（語法分析）（語法分析） A little cock lived near the river. One morning the little cock _his beautiful clothes and went for a walk by the river. On h

17、is way he met a little duck.A. wore B. had on C. dressed D. put on 分析：所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是一組同義詞組，都表示分析：所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是一組同義詞組，都表示“穿穿”，但它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ嫌兴煌?，但它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ嫌兴煌?。Wear和和have on 都可接物作賓語，意為都可接物作賓語，意為“穿著穿著”，表示狀態(tài)；，表示狀態(tài)；put on 也可接也可接“衣物衣物”，作賓語，作賓語，意為意為“穿上穿上”，表示動(dòng)作；而，表示動(dòng)作；而dress 的賓語只能是人，而不能是的賓語只能是人，而不能是“衣物衣物”。根據(jù)以上。根據(jù)以上(yshng)分析，再

18、結(jié)合原句的意思，可以確定正確答案為分析，再結(jié)合原句的意思，可以確定正確答案為D。 第20頁/共25頁第二十頁，共26頁。Skill 5：background knowledge（背景（背景(bijng)知識(shí)）知識(shí)） All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools. 32. A. all B. none C. some D. both第21頁/共25頁第二十一頁，共26頁。1、context（上下文、語境(y jn)）3、regular collocation（固定(gdng)搭配）2、logic（邏輯(lu j)）4、grammar analysis（語法分析）5、background knowledge（背景知識(shí)）第22頁/共25頁第二十二頁，共26頁。1、跳過空格，通讀(tn d)全文，掌握大意3、復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)(zhg)核對(duì)，驗(yàn)證答案2、瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個(gè)擊