美國文學(xué)課件Walt Whitman

1、walt whitman 1819-1892 contents l life l major works l appreciation of worksl writing stylel influence lifelamerican poet, essayist, and humanist.la part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism.lthe father of the free verse. lifelborn in 1819 on long island , new york.lpoor and semil

2、iterate (半文盲的) parents , only 5 years formal education, largely self educated.lworked as office boy, printing worker , schoolmaster , editor and journalist.birthplace of whitman major works銘言集亞當(dāng)?shù)淖訉O菖蒲集候鳥集海流集路邊之歌桴鼓集林肯總統(tǒng)紀(jì)念集秋之溪水神圣之死的低語從正午到星夜離別之歌古稀之砂再見，我的幻想老年的回聲 major workslleaves of grass 草葉集 lsong of m

3、yself 自我之歌l i sit and look out 坐觀世間l o captain, my captain! 船長，我的船長lwhen lilacs last in the dooryard bloom 當(dāng)紫丁香最近在天井里開花的時光l i hear america singing 我聽見美國在歌唱 leaves of grasslfirst published in 1855 with only 12 poemslnine editions altogether : 1855,1856,1860,1867,1871,1876,1881,1889,1891-92 l last edi

4、tion includes more than 400 poemslgrass-the most common thing with the greatest vitality, as a symbol of the rising american major themeslextol ( 贊頌 ) transcendent power of love, brotherhood, and comradeship ( 同志之誼 )lexpress the ideals of democracy and equality. his poems revel a world of equality w

5、ithout rank and hierarchy ( 等級制度) ,attack the slavery and racial discrimination.ladvocate the realization of the individual value. he celebrates the dignity and the self-reliant spirit. song of myselfli celebrate myself ,and sing myself. 贊美我自己，歌唱我自己。l and what i assume you shall assume. 我承擔(dān)的你也將承擔(dān)。l

6、for every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. 因?yàn)閷儆谖业脑油瑯右矊儆谀恪?“i” and “you” stand for a kind of people or a kind of thoughtembody the unity of you and me. it emphasizes the close connection of “i” and ”you”. song of myselfli loaf and invite my soul。 我邀請靈魂一道逍遙li lean and loaf at my ease obse

7、rving a spear of some grass. 我逍遙自在的俯身下視，觀察一片夏天的青草 emphasize the unity of body and soulalliteration“grass” stands for ideal ,hope. it can grow at different space, finally it stands for development especially the development of human song of myself lmy tongue, every atom of my blood, form d my tongue,

8、 every atom of my blood, form d from this soil, this air.from this soil, this air.我的舌頭，我血液的每個原子，都來自這些泥土，這些空氣。lborn here of parents born from parents the same, and born here of parents born from parents the same, and their parents the same.their parents the same.我在這里為父母所生，我的父母也在這里為父母所生，他們的父母也是如此。li,

9、now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begini, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin，hoping to ease not till death.hoping to ease not till death.我現(xiàn)在37歲，身體健壯，開始起步了，但愿永不停步，一直到死。 the meaning of “i”l 詩中的“我” 如果從字面上理解，就會認(rèn)為這說明惠特曼是一個夜郎自大的人。這樣理解不但不是作者愿意，在上下文也講不通。實(shí)際上，惠特曼所用的“我”在大多數(shù)情況下指“人類的象征

10、，既是現(xiàn)代人的也是全人類的象征；更多的是生命力的擬人化?！边@一點(diǎn)在第二十四節(jié)中更為明顯： walt whitman, a cosmos, of manhattan the son, 沃爾特惠特曼，一個宇宙，曼哈頓之子 turbulent, fleshy, sensual, eating, drinking and breeding, 粗暴、肥壯、多欲，吃著、喝著、生殖著， no sentimentalist, no stander above men and women or apart from them, 不是傷感主義者不凌駕于男人和女人之上，也不脫離他們， no more modest

11、than immodest. 也謙遜也不謙遜 the meaning of “i”l 這里既然寫著詩人的姓名，似乎指的是他本人無疑了，但也并不盡然。其中有些確實(shí)是作者的特征，如“曼哈頓之子”、“不凌駕于男人和女人之上”等；但“生殖者”可能是代替其他事物所言。因?yàn)榈谝恍袑懼笳髦耙粋€宇宙”，上述問題也就不難理解了?！?o captain! my captain! ocaptain!mycaptain!ourfearfultripisdone,theshiphasweatheredeveryrack,theprizewesought iswon,theportisnear,thebellsih

12、ear,thepeopleallexulting,whilefolloweyesthesteadykeel,thevesselgrimand daring;butoheart!heart!heart!othebleedingdropsofred,whereonthedeckmycaptainlies,fallencoldanddead. ocaptain!mycaptain!riseupandhearthebells;riseup-foryoutheflagisflung-foryouthebugletrills, foryoubouquetsandribbonedwreaths-foryou

13、theshoresaccroding foryoutheycall,theswayingmass,theireagerfacesturning;herecaptain!dearfather!thisarmbeneathyourhead!itissomedreamthatonthedeckyouvefallencoldanddead. mycaptaindoesnotanswer,hislipsarepaleandstill,myfatherdoesnotfeelmyarm,hehasnopulsenorwill,theshipisanchoredsafeandsound,itsvoyagecl

14、osedanddone,fromfearfultripthevictorshipcomesinwithobjectwon;exultoshores,andringobells!buti,withmournfultread,walkthedeckmycaptainlies,fallencoldanddead. 啊，船長！我的船長！ 啊，船長！我的船長！我們完成了可怕的遠(yuǎn)航， 巨輪歷盡風(fēng)雨，我們贏得追尋的獎賞； 港口已近，鐘聲傳來，一片歡呼的聲浪； 穩(wěn)健的大船，追隨的目光，多么威武雄壯； 可是，心?。⌒陌。⌒陌?！ 心中的鮮血在滴滴流淌， 甲板上躺著我們的船長， 他已辭世，全身冰涼。 啊，船長！我的

15、船長！起來聽那鐘聲蕩漾； 起來，旌旗為你招展，號角為你激昂， 花團(tuán)錦簇，彩帶飄飛，為你，岸邊人群熙熙嚷攘； 人們把你呼喚，萬頭攢動，他們晃動急切的面龐 啊，船長！我的船長！啊，船長！我的船長！ 在這里，船長，慈愛的父親！ 你的頭下枕著我的臂膀！ 那是甲板上的夢境， 你已辭世，全身冰涼。 我的船長沒有回答，雙唇蒼白， 沉默、安詳， 我的父親無法覺察我的手臂， 他的脈搏停止了跳蕩； 可怕的征途已過，勝利歸來， 大船安全?？?，就此結(jié)束遠(yuǎn)航； 啊，海岸歡呼，啊，鐘聲敲響！ 然而，我的步履沉重悲傷， 在甲板上踱步，那里躺著我的船長， 他已辭世，全身冰涼。 themes this poem eulogiz

16、es ( 頌揚(yáng) ) lincolns monumental contributions and express the poets mourning for lincolns death with the background of victory of the civil war. special featureslthe poem is composed of three octaves(八度音節(jié)), that is, four lone lines and four short lines, the latter being used as a refrain.lthe meter is

17、 iambic and the rhyming scheme is roughly represented as aabb cded.lphonetic recurrence （重復(fù)）is the main feature of the poem, i.e. the systematic repetition of words and phrases at the beginning of the line , in the middle or at the end .loral english is also applied in his free verse to make it an e

18、ffective way too express freely the feelings of common people. the themes in his poetrylequalityldivinitylmultiplicitylself reliant spirit ldeath , beauty of death lexpansion of america lbrotherhood and social solidarity lpursuit of love and happiness whitman writing stylelone of the major principles of his technique is parallelism or a rhythm of thought .lanother main principle is phonetic recurrence. these two principles coordinat