高一英語五種基本句型課件

1、2021-11-301一一. 高中英語五種基本高中英語五種基本句型及鞏固練習(xí)課件句型及鞏固練習(xí)課件2021-11-302 英語句子有長在短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變英語句子有長在短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，萬化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。 英語五種基本句型列式

2、如下：英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一： + （主謂）（主謂） 基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主系表）（主系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主謂賓）（主謂賓） 基本句型四：基本句型四： + +io +（主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五：基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）演繹語法：演繹語法：2021-11-303五種基本句型與五種基本句型與there be.（）（）主謂主謂 they are working hard.（）（）主謂賓主謂賓 i forgot to mail the letter yesterday.（）（）主謂賓賓主謂

3、賓賓 he gave me a new bicycle .（）（）主系表主系表 he is a university student.（）（）主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂賓賓補(bǔ) karl marx made london the base for his revolutionary work. （ 6 6）there bethere be + 主語主語 there is a hole in the wall.2021-11-304 1. nouns (n.) 名詞：名詞： -主語主語(s)，賓語，賓語(o)，表語，表語(p)等等 2. verbs (v.) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 -謂語謂語(v) （ vt. 及物動(dòng)詞及

4、物動(dòng)詞 / vi. 不及物動(dòng)詞）不及物動(dòng)詞） 3. pronouns （pron.) 代詞：代詞： -主語，賓語，表語主語，賓語，表語等等 e.g. kate has a piano. she likes it very much. _ s _ v _ o _ s _ v _o 2021-11-3054. adjectives (adj.) 形容詞：形容詞： -定語定語(at.) 表語表語 （p） e.g. the overcoat is very beautiful. this is a very beautiful overcoat.5. adverbs (adv.) 副詞：副詞：-狀語（

5、狀語（ad.)6. numerals (num.) 數(shù)詞：數(shù)詞： -定語，表語，主語等定語，表語，主語等 e.g. 25 (desks) _(be) enough. 7. articles (art.) 冠詞：冠詞： 一般不單獨(dú)構(gòu)成句子成分一般不單獨(dú)構(gòu)成句子成分 (at.)(p) is2021-11-3068. prepositions (prep.) 介詞（介詞（in, at, on, ) prep. +n. 介詞短語介詞短語-狀語狀語 (ad.),表語等表語等 e.g. we can see the bike under the tree. 9. conjunctions (conj.)

6、連詞連詞 ( and, or, but, so) 一般不構(gòu)成成分，僅起連接作用一般不構(gòu)成成分，僅起連接作用10. interjections ( interj.) 感嘆詞感嘆詞 (ah, oh, yeah) 一般不構(gòu)成成分，起加強(qiáng)語氣作用一般不構(gòu)成成分，起加強(qiáng)語氣作用 2021-11-307英語基本句型英語基本句型-1 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)2021-11-308基本句型基本句型 1-1-主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。完整的意思。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介

7、詞短語、狀后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。語從句等。2021-11-3091主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加不及物的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成主語加不及物的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成, 常常用來表示主語的動(dòng)作。用來表示主語的動(dòng)作。如：如：the sun rises. tom has already left. 主語主語可有修飾語可有修飾語-定語定語，謂語謂語可有修飾語可有修飾語-狀語狀語。如如: 1. the red sun rises in the east.2. so they had to travel by air or boat.3.we got up early so as to catch

8、 the first bus.4. she sat there alone, reading a novel.5. he came back when we were eating.6.weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.2021-11-3010 （不及物動(dòng)詞）（不及物動(dòng)詞） 1. time 2. the moon 3. she 4. they 5. he 6. i 7. they 8. he 9.he 10.theyflies. rose. sings beautifully.

9、 talked for half an hour.walked yesterday woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone.2021-11-3011練習(xí)練習(xí) 11鳥在飛翔。2她的寶寶在哭。3太陽正在落山。4誰也沒笑。birds are flying. her baby is crying. the sun is setting. no one laughed. 2021-11-3012練習(xí)練習(xí) 25你唱得很美。6 我咳了一夜。7 我們很少在外邊吃飯。8 昨天發(fā)生了事故。you sing beauti

10、fully. i coughed all night. we seldom dine out. the accident occurred yesterday. 2021-11-3013主語主語可有修飾語可有修飾語-定語定語，謂語謂語可有修飾語可有修飾語-狀語狀語。如如: 1. the red sun rises in the east.2. so they had to travel by air or boat.3.we got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. she sat there alone, reading a novel.5.

11、he came back when we were eating.2021-11-3014(主語主語+不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞)擴(kuò)展和修飾擴(kuò)展和修飾vthe boy spoke to his teacher.vthe little boy spoke loudly to his teacher. vthe boy named tom spoke to his math teacher in a low voice.vthe little boy called tom spoke to his chinese teacher.2021-11-3015yesterday evening. two ho

12、urs.in the past ten years. in 1919. 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。3在過去的十年里，（在）我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大在過去的十年里，（在）我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。的變化。41919年，（在）北京爆發(fā)了年，（在）北京爆發(fā)了“五五.四四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。運(yùn)動(dòng)。she went home very latethe meeting will last great changes have taken place in my home townthe may fourth movement broke out in beijing

13、 鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：2021-11-3016in the morning. to borrow books.to the south. five years ago.five kilos. every day. 5每天八時(shí)開始上課。每天八時(shí)開始上課。6這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。9我的爺爺早晨起得很早。我的爺爺早晨起得很早。10. 每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。classes begin at eightthis box weighsi lived in beij

14、ingsome birds flyin autumn,my grandfather gets up earlya lot of students comeevery afternoon to the library2021-11-301711.會(huì)議有可能開兩個(gè)半小時(shí)會(huì)議有可能開兩個(gè)半小時(shí).12. 我所就讀的學(xué)校坐落在那個(gè)美麗的湖我所就讀的學(xué)校坐落在那個(gè)美麗的湖邊邊.13.她盼望已久的機(jī)會(huì)終于到來了她盼望已久的機(jī)會(huì)終于到來了.14. 正在睡覺的嬰兒笑了正在睡覺的嬰兒笑了.the meeting will last two and a half hours.the schoollieswhere

15、i studyby the beautiful lake.the chancecamewhich she wanted to get for a long timeat last.the baby smiles.sleeping2021-11-3018 英語基本句型英語基本句型-2 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)2021-11-3019 基本句型基本句型 2 + + + +（主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子謂語動(dòng)詞不能表達(dá)此句型的句子謂語動(dòng)詞不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。復(fù)合謂語，才能

16、表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞。2021-11-3020英語基本句型英語基本句型-2主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語表語組成，主要用以組成，主要用以說明主語的說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞等。系動(dòng)詞有有:1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的表示狀態(tài)變化的 becom

17、e, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; 2021-11-3021our english teacher is thirty years old.the cake tastes delicious. we feel used to living in big cities.the potatoes went bad in the fields.their boss seems satisfied with the work. deep water stays still.2021-11-3022練習(xí)練習(xí) 11今天我感覺不太舒服。今天我感覺不太舒服。2 他

18、看上去很累。他看上去很累。3 你的湯味道很好。你的湯味道很好。4 她似乎對計(jì)劃不感興趣。她似乎對計(jì)劃不感興趣。i dont feel very well today.he looks very tired. your soup tastes very good. she doesnt seem very interested in the plan. 2021-11-3023 5 天越來越冷了。 6 孩子不久就睡著了。 7 他長得相當(dāng)高了。 8 聽到這消息她臉色變得蒼白。 its getting cold. soon the child fell asleep.she went pale at

19、 the news. he has grown quite tall.2021-11-3024(主語主語+連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞+表語表語)擴(kuò)展和修飾擴(kuò)展和修飾vthe soup tastes good.vto our surprise, the soup tastes good.vthe soup tastes good,which is beyond our expectation.vfrankly speaking, the soup tastes good.vto be honest, the soup tastes so good as to surprise everyone.2021-

20、11-3025鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1冬季白天短，夜晚長冬季白天短，夜晚長 。2十五歲他十五歲他就成為就成為有名的鋼琴家了。有名的鋼琴家了。 3孩子們很少孩子們很少保持保持安靜。安靜。 4她的工作她的工作是是在幼兒園里照看兒童。在幼兒園里照看兒童。in winter, the days are short and the nights are long.at the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.children seldom keep quiet. her job is to look after the children in the

21、nursery.2021-11-30265他失業(yè)了。他失業(yè)了。 6樹葉樹葉已經(jīng)變已經(jīng)變黃了黃了7這個(gè)報(bào)告這個(gè)報(bào)告聽起來聽起來很有意思很有意思he is out of work. the leaves have turned yellow.the report sounds interesting2021-11-30271. as in china, the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型主系表句型的幾個(gè)特例：的幾個(gè)特例：2. we are greatly surprised to meet him there.3. it is not

22、a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers. 4. it is kind of you to say so.5. it is not easy for them to go there by bike.6. is it tom who is playing the piano?7. it is a fact that they cant pass the exam.2021-11-3028英語基本句型英語基本句型-3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)2021-11-3029 基本句型 3 + + + +（主謂賓）（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是謂語動(dòng)

23、詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。2021-11-3030英語基本句型-3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語構(gòu)成賓語構(gòu)成。 賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。如如：1. tom made a hole in the wall. 2. i dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. they havent decided where to go next. 4. she stop

24、ped teaching english two years ago. 5. it took them ten years to build the dam. 7. mother promises to give me a present.2021-11-3031（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）(賓語賓語) 1. who 2. she 3. he 8. he 5. they 6. i 7. he the answer? her. english. cakes. some apples. to have a cup of tea. good morning. knows laughs at unders

25、tands made ate want said 2021-11-3032(主語主語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語)擴(kuò)展和修飾擴(kuò)展和修飾vi forgot to mail the letter yesterday.vunfortunately, i forgot to mail the letter yesterday.vunfortunately, i forgot to mail the letter yesterday, which disappointed my mum so much.2021-11-30331昨晚我寫了一封信。昨晚我寫了一封信。2今天下午我想同你談?wù)?。今天下午我想同?/p>

26、談?wù)劇?這本書他讀過多次了這本書他讀過多次了4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。5那位先生能流利地說三種語言。那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 i wrote a letter last night.i want to talk with you this afternoon.he has read this book many times.they have carried out the plan successfully.that gentleman can speak three languagesfluently.鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：2021-11-30346我收到了筆友從澳大

27、利亞寄來的信。我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 7jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 8我們大家都相信我們大家都相信jack 是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。 9. 他不知道說什麼好。他不知道說什麼好。 10. 我開窗戶你在意嗎？我開窗戶你在意嗎？ i received a letter from my penfriendin australia.jim cannot dress himself.all of us believe that jack is an honest boy. he did not know what to say.do you mind my openin

28、g the window? 2021-11-3035英語基本句型英語基本句型-4 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)2021-11-3036英語基本句型英語基本句型4 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語主語+及物謂語動(dòng)詞及物謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語間接賓語（人）（人）+直接賓語（事物）直接賓語（事物）”組成。如：組成。如： he brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語后說間接賓語（人），（人），則要借助于介詞則要借助于介詞to或或for。如：。如： he brings cookies to me eve

29、ry day. she made a beautiful dress for me.用用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著朝著，向著，對著某人。某人。用用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, co

30、ok, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。等。2021-11-3037 (主語主語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語間接賓語 +直接賓語直接賓語)擴(kuò)展和修飾擴(kuò)展和修飾vgrandma told me a story.vas expected, grandma told me a story .vgrandma told me a story for the purpose of cheering me up.vgrandma told me one story after another in the hope of c

31、heering me up.2021-11-3038（及（及物）物）（多指（多指人）人）（多指物）（多指物）1.she2.she 3. he 8. he 5. i 6. i 7. i 4. he passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was

32、late. 2021-11-30391johnson 先生去年教我們德語。先生去年教我們德語。 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？4他把車票給列車員看。他把車票給列車員看。 mr johnson taught us german last year.grandma told me an interesting storylast night.would you please pass me the dictionary?he showed the ticket to the conductor.2021-1

33、1-30405我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？6新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。7他用他的第一個(gè)月工資給他媽媽買他用他的第一個(gè)月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣了一件毛衣shall i call you a taxi?the new machine will save you a lot of labour. he bought a new coat for his motherwith his first months salary.2021-11-3041英語基本句型英語基本句型-5 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)2021-11-3042英語基本句型英語基本句

34、型5 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 說明說明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語+賓賓語補(bǔ)足語語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的主謂邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不夠完整。關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不夠完整。可可以用做賓補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動(dòng)詞以用做賓補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。如：不定式，分詞等。如： the sun keeps us warm. i heard him singing.you must get your hair cut. t

35、hey made tom monitor.he used to do his homework with his radio on. 用用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：即：主語主語+謂語謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語真正賓語。如：。如：i found it very pleasant to be with your family.2021-11-3043（及物）（及物）o（賓語）（賓語） o（賓補(bǔ)）（賓補(bǔ)）1. we 2. the

36、y3. they 4. they5. what 6. we 7. he 8. i the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back. getting on the bus. keep painted call found makes saw asked saw2021-11-30441我們叫她我們叫她alice. 2我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把真相告訴我。我要你把

37、真相告訴我。 5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 we call her alice. all of us considered him honest.they have set the thief free. i want you to tell me the truth. the guards ordered us to leave at once. 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)2021-11-3045v6. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 v7他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)v8我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。every mo

38、rning we hear him read english aloud. he has his hair cut once a month. we wont let her go out at night. 9那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 10她正在聽人家講故事。她正在聽人家講故事。the terrible sound made the children frightened. she is listening to someone telling stories. 2021-11-304611我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。 12他感到很難跟

39、你交談。他感到很難跟你交談。 13我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 14學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。 i have never seen the word used that way before. he felt it very difficult to talk with you. i consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. the school made it a rule that the students should st

40、and up when class begins. 2021-11-3047英語基本句型英語基本句型-6 there be 句型句型2021-11-3048英語基本句型英語基本句型6 there be 句型句型 說明：說明： 此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+主語主語+狀語狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“有有”。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞 be 之后，之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語意。僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語意。 此句型有時(shí)不用此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：等。如： there stands a hill in the middle of the park. once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.2021-11-3049 be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有現(xiàn)在有 the