塔吊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)講解

1、.塔吊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)講解一、概述1.1 編制依據(jù)1地基基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范GB50007 20022塔吊起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范GB/T13752 923砼設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范4樁基技術(shù)規(guī)范 JGJ94945塔吊說明書1.2 塔吊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)塔吊基礎(chǔ)所承受的外力根據(jù)塔式起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范（ GB/T13752-92 ），塔機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)荷載包括基本荷載 - 自重荷載 ，起升荷載 ，包括或不包括起升機(jī)構(gòu)傳動機(jī)構(gòu)加速荷載，坡度荷載附加荷載 - 工作狀態(tài)的風(fēng)荷載特殊荷載 - 非勻速提升重物荷載，非工作狀態(tài)風(fēng)載，動或靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)荷載，碰撞荷載 ，突然停機(jī)荷載 。上述各項(xiàng)荷載和荷載組合往往以塔吊作用于基礎(chǔ)頂面的，分為非工作狀態(tài)和工作狀態(tài)的豎向力，水平力和

2、彎矩表示 。 但僅限于塔吊自由高度時的外力，附墻后外力如何變化說明書中未作說明，依據(jù)力學(xué)分析可知附墻后再增加塔吊高度時垂直荷載有所增加但彎矩和水平力大為減少有利于塔吊的安全。.專業(yè) .專注.依據(jù)說明書選擇塔吊基礎(chǔ)存在的問題當(dāng)前塔吊基礎(chǔ)的選型或基礎(chǔ)外力僅與塔吊吊鉤的高度有關(guān)，其中存在如下問題：1）未反映不同地域風(fēng)載的不同：基本風(fēng)壓在內(nèi)陸約0.30.4KN/m 2 ，在沿海約0.9KN/m 2 二者相差三倍左右。影響風(fēng)載的高度變化系數(shù)，距地面 40m 為 1.56 距地面 100m 為 2.09 ，二者相差約 30%。而風(fēng)載值在很大程度上決定塔吊的水平力與部分彎矩。2）若干塔吊說明書提供的塔吊對基

3、礎(chǔ)的作用力僅示有壓力和拉力，未說明是何種情況下的外力；也未說明作用在單肢上抑或雙肢上；也未提供計(jì)算必不可少的水平作用力 ；以此為據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)條件不足。3）說明書中的基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)造不合理：說明書提供的基礎(chǔ)塊配筋既不合理又偏大，以 H3/36B 為例選 M169N ，基礎(chǔ) 尺 寸 為6.45 ×6.45 ×1.7m ， 雙 層 雙 向 配55 25鋼 筋A(yù)g=4 ×55 ×490=107800mm 2 而按砼規(guī)范計(jì)算 Ag=2 ×6416=12832mm 2 二者相差甚遠(yuǎn) 。塔吊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 ：塔吊對基礎(chǔ)的基本要求是：塔吊通過基礎(chǔ)或承臺傳遞的作用力不大于天

4、然（人工）地基承載力特征值或樁的承載力，以及塔吊在各種工況下均能保持其穩(wěn)定性。1）確定基礎(chǔ)外力 ：.專業(yè) .專注.根據(jù)施工項(xiàng)目特點(diǎn)選擇塔吊型號，臂長，初始立塔高度 ，極限高度 ，附墻道數(shù)，標(biāo)高和具體立塔位置 。塔吊供應(yīng)廠家根據(jù)上述條件提供初始立塔高度及頂升附墻后的，非工作狀態(tài)及工作狀態(tài)時 ，作用在基礎(chǔ)頂面的豎向力N ，水平力 H 和彎矩 M 。廠家尚應(yīng)提供附墻裝置類型、塔吊中心與附墻點(diǎn)的距離和作用力；提出予埋節(jié)（件）的位置和埋深等資料 。2）確定基礎(chǔ)型式 ：塔吊基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)在基坑方案確定以后進(jìn)行選型和計(jì)算。塔吊基礎(chǔ)型式與基坑邊坡有關(guān)：當(dāng)塔吊座落于基坑內(nèi)，可在天然地基或人工地基上作獨(dú)立的塔吊基礎(chǔ)；若塔

5、吊在基礎(chǔ)底板完成后安裝，且有安裝條件時也可利用或部分利用建物底板作塔吊基礎(chǔ) 。當(dāng)塔吊位于基坑側(cè)壁以上：灌注樁護(hù)坡時 ，可部分利用護(hù)坡樁支承塔吊，被利用的護(hù)坡樁應(yīng)具有支護(hù)和支承雙重功能 。邊坡為自然放坡時 ，可采用獨(dú)立式塔吊基礎(chǔ)，地基應(yīng)有足夠的承載力和穩(wěn)定性。采用土釘墻護(hù)坡除地基應(yīng)有足夠的承載力外，土釘應(yīng)保證塔基的穩(wěn)定性。3）計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)對地基的壓力 ：理論上應(yīng)計(jì)算塔吊最大自由高度及附墻后最大高度時非工作與工作狀態(tài)，四種情況下對地基的壓力，取其中最大值 。塔吊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì) ，可以只計(jì)算非工作狀態(tài)下最大自由高度時，作用力沿塔吊.專業(yè) .專注.基礎(chǔ)對角線時的基礎(chǔ)對地基的作用力，滿足此種要求則同時滿足了其它要

6、求。4）核算地基承載力 ：采用天然地基時可依據(jù)地基的物理，力學(xué)指標(biāo)確定地基的容許承載力，或用其他方法確定地基容許承載力并進(jìn)行修正后以核算是否滿足基礎(chǔ)的要求。當(dāng)使用樁基則需進(jìn)行樁基設(shè)計(jì)5）基礎(chǔ)或承臺強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 ：各種基礎(chǔ)均需核算沖切受剪是否滿足要求，并計(jì)算配筋 。對于承受拉力的樁尚應(yīng)核算樁的承拉力以及承臺在反向作用力時的強(qiáng)度與配筋。6）基礎(chǔ)穩(wěn)定性核算 ：基礎(chǔ)穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算包括滑移和傾覆均需具有足夠的安全度。1.3 塔吊對基礎(chǔ)的作用力型式 I（圖 1-1 ）提供條件為豎向力 N（ KN）水平力 H （KN ）h彎矩 M (KN.m)作用于基底的A豎向力：N+G=N+25A 2 h（ KN）式中 G 為基

7、礎(chǔ)重 ： 25- 砼單位重量 （ KN/m 3）A- 方形基礎(chǔ)之邊長 （ m ）h- 基礎(chǔ)或承臺高 （m）.專業(yè) .專注.彎矩：M=M +Hh（KN .m）07A.707A0.70. .hAA型式 II（圖 1-2 ）提供條件為豎向力 F1 F2水平力 HF1 F2 為塔吊起重臂與塔吊之對稱軸呈45 0 方向時單肢的作用力 ，若需反算彎矩和垂直力 ，可近似取N= （F1-F2）2M= （F1+F 2 ） 0.707A.專業(yè) .專注.式中 F1F2 均取絕對值1.3.3 常用塔吊的計(jì)算參數(shù)FO/23B（塔身 2m ×2m ）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)吊鉤重量彎矩水平支座反力重量彎矩水平力支座反

8、力高NM力拉力壓力NMH拉力壓力Hmkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg8.854130993761831237255079044130727604628162463831111.8557101038501989250085286345710727605133158513870614.8572901087992147264685511347290727605638154563910117.8587701140712295280755746048770727606862150863947120.86025011978624432984859973502507276073351471639

9、84123.8617301259462591317876265251730727607809143464021126.8632101325502739338936549853210727608460139764058129.86469013959728873616568510546909803691112308350428.專業(yè) .專注. . .32.86617014708830343860471089561701259139762331656125035.867650155023318241209750345765015574210413439797280438.86913016340233

10、3043981785465913018752511063555258509041.870610172225347846918922236061022126111714678039810844.8720701814913626500238606862090256949123658081411185047.8735701912013774532939007863570294591130169455612634150.87505020135639225673094255650503341851366710903114155653.87653021195440706033498599665303757

11、321431812423815750356.878010222996421864104103109680104192331496914017817418359.8794902344814366680401077856949046468515520156849191594FO/23C（塔身 1.6m ×1.6m ）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)吊鉤重量彎矩水平支座反力重量彎矩水平力支座反力高NM力拉力壓力NMH拉力壓力Hmkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg8.851200985961631337405934041200727603988240454464511.8523501028421

12、764354576163242350727604413237574493214.8535001074861897373626411243500727604838234704522017.8546501125292030394556678044650727606013231824550720.8558001179702162417366963645800727606438228954579523.8567701235712284441377252246770727606827226524603726.857740129537240646711755814774072760736222410462

13、8029.8587101358682527494577881248710844787897276995205432.85968014256326495237482214496801088528432389626380235.86065014962327705546485789506501348328967509827630738.86162015704728925872789537516201624159502637608957041.8625901648373013621619345652590191603100367729510359044.863560172990313565767975

14、47535602223951057191588118369H3/36B（塔身 2m ×2m ）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)起升NM最大H支座反力NM最大H支座反力高度自重力矩剪切力拉力壓力自重力矩剪切拉力壓力力mkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg9.77041515572520754078175989662321849845050527978591312.77218516096722434230478396680021849845587523548635515.77395516671324114401680993697721849846125519128679818.77572517

15、2964257945917837797154218498475485146987240.專業(yè) .專注.21.77749517971827474800786754733121849848085510278768324.77926518697629155028589918750821849848623505848812527.78103519473930835275393271768521849849362501428856830.782805203005325155787971897862218498410102496998901033.78457521177634195958710187580

16、39718498410841492578945336.7863452210513587635101066828216218498411580488148984539.7881152308293755675531166118393218498412320483729033842.7898852411123923717181166618570218498413059479299078045.7916552518994091760051218328747219747813748521719590148.7934252631904259804131271258924824059214538618931

17、1251451.795195274985442784942132540910122859251527784447129953ST60/14（1.6m ×1.6m ）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)吊鉤NMH支座反力NMH支座反力高自重彎矩剪力拉力壓力自重彎矩剪力拉力壓力mkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg8.851200985961631337405934041200727603988240454464511.8523501028421764354576163242350727604413237574493214.8535001074861897373626411243500727604

18、838234704522017.8546501125292030394556678044650727606013231824550720.8558001179702162417366963645800727606438228954579523.856770123571228444377252246770727606827226524603726.8577401295372406467117558147740727607362224104628029.8587101358682527494577881248710844787897276995205432.85968014256326495237

19、482214496801088528432389626380235.86065014962327705546485789506501348328967509827630738.86162015704728925872789537516201624159502637608957041.8625901648373013621619345652590191603100367729510359044.86356017299031356576797547535602223951057191588118363ST60/14（2m ×2m ）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)吊鉤NMH支座反力NMH支座反力高自重

20、彎矩剪力拉力壓力自重彎矩剪力拉力壓力mkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg8.8541309937618312372550790441307276046281624638311.專業(yè) .專注. . .11.8557101038501989250085286345710727605133158513870614.8572901087992147264685511347290727605638154563910117.8587701140712295280755746048770727606862150863947120.8602501197862443298485997350250727

21、607335147163984123.8617301259462591317876265251730727607809143464021126.8632101325502759338936549853210727608460139764058129.8646901395972887361656851054690980369111230835042832.86617014708830343860471689561701259139762331656125035.867650155023318241209750345765015574210413439797280438.8691301634023

22、33043981785465913019752511063555258509041.870610172225347846918822236061022126111714678039810844.8720901814913626500238606862090256949123658081411185947.8735701912013774532939007863570294591130169455612634150.87505020135639225673094255650503341851366710903114155653.8765302119544070603349859966530375

23、7321431812423815750356.878010222996421864104103109680104192331496914017817418359.8794902344814366680401077856949046468515620156849191594P16A（1.6m ×1.6m ）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)吊鉤NMH支座反力NMH支座反力下高自重力矩剪切拉力壓力自重力矩剪切拉力壓力度力力mkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg8.0053559677501748191994597947559559704848150333881211.00541546990818

24、05200894716648154559705033148843896114.0055344745141921220074967949344559705402145863925817.0055939776531979233685133749939559705587144383940720.0057129856582094269215548651129559706599141403970523.0058319944682210308626002152319610937273163074246726.0059509103999232535149649035350983875778126968537

25、2329.006069911418524413975170100546991083548290384466579532.006129411950624984216272809552941212308544444917213835.006248413057926144719078432564841482569052571938543538.006367414219627295248184318576741769789560707129954941.00648641543282845580209045258864207398100688504711447944.006545916058129036

26、08789360859459223244103229252112225147.00666491734473018667701000946064925621010830108081138406256HC（2m ×2m ）吊鉤高度工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)節(jié)身(m)M (kN.m)H(KN)N(KN)M (kN.m)H(KN)N(KN).專業(yè) .專注.12.419701863717333359616.620481965919694261920.721322168222855164124.8222322705255056664臂長29.023212472828926468760m33.124242

27、575132187071037.325352777335667573341.426593279639378175545.528415481943318677849.729555684244038780112.419331767216743363716.620101969519104266020.720932171822265168324.8218322741249156705臂長29.022792476428336472865m33.123822578631597075137.324935180935077577441.426555283238788179745.528395585542728

28、681949.729575787343448784212.418291770716273367716.619041973018634270020.719862075321795172324.8207522776244456746臂長29.021702379827876476870m33.122895082131127079137.324475284434607581441.426335586738318183745.528295689042258686049.72954589134297878831.4 常用塔吊說明書推薦基礎(chǔ)尺寸與對地基承載力的要求：基礎(chǔ)的型號與構(gòu)造示于圖1-3 與相應(yīng)表內(nèi).

29、專業(yè) .專注.邊長高度體積型號A(mm)h(mm)直徑根數(shù)直徑根數(shù)(m 3 )M52N400013502024108×821.6M64N445013502024108×826.73M74N480013502028148×831.1M81N5000135020301410 ×1033.8M101N5600135025331611 ×1142.3M126N6250135025521614 ×1452.8M142N5940170025381612 ×1259.2M169N6450170025552013 ×1370.7型

30、號中數(shù)字表示基礎(chǔ)重 （ T）地基承載力 kg/cm 2 (10 5 N/m 2)Fo/23C1.6m ×1.6mFo/23B2m ×2m吊鉤基礎(chǔ)型號吊鉤基礎(chǔ)型號高 mM64NM74NM81NM101N高 mM81NM101NM142NM126NM169N8.81.611.341.220.978.81.240.991.070.900.8611.81.681.381.261.0011.81.281.021.080.860.8814.81.751.431.301.0214.81.331.041.040.860.9017.81.831.491.351.0517.81.371.071

31、.070.880.9220.81.921.541.401.0920.81.431.111.090.900.9423.82.021.611.451.1223.81.491.151.120.931.0226.82.121.691.511.1526.81.551.191.160.961.0729.82.241.761.571.1929.81.621.231.190.991.0232.82.371.851.641.2332.81.701.281.231.021.0535.82.521.951.721.2835.81.911.371.301.061.0938.82.352.001.4038.82.391

32、.611.461.201.2041.82.501.6441.81.921.651.311.3344.81.9544.82.341.901.671.4847.82.892.201.831.66.專業(yè) .專注.50.82.592.161.8753.82.1356.82.4659.82.85地基承載力 kg/m 2(10 5 N/m 2)M3/36B2m ×2m吊鉤高 mM101NM142NM126NM169N9.71.491.371.141.1512.71.491.371.151.1615.71.491.381.151.1618.71.491.381.151.1621.71.501.40

33、1.161.1824.71.551.431.191.2027.71.601.471.231.2330.71.661.521.271.2633.71.731.571.311.3036.71.801.621.351.3339.71.881.671.401.3742.71.961.731.451.4145.72.061.791.501.4548.72.161.861.551.5054.72.562.131.761.66ST60/14的基底壓力kg/cm2 (10 5N/m 2 )1.6m ×1.6m2m ×2m吊鉤M64NM74NM81NM101N吊鉤M81NM101NM142N

34、M126NM169N高 m高 m8.81.611.341.220.978.81.240.991.070.900.8611.81.681.381.261.0011.81.281.021.080.860.8814.81.751.431.301.0214.81.331.041.040.860.9017.81.831.491.351.0517.81.371.071.070.880.9220.81.921.541.401.0920.81.431.111.090.900.9423.82.021.611.451.1223.81.491.151.120.931.0226.82.121.691.511.1526

35、.81.551.191.160.961.0729.82.241.761.571.1929.81.621.231.199.991.0232.82.371.851.641.2332.81.701.281.231.021.0535.82.521.951.721.2835.81.911.371.301.061.0938.82.352.001.4038.82.391.611.461.201.2041.82.501.6441.81.921.851.371.35.專業(yè) .專注.44.81.9544.82.341.901.671.4847.82.892.201.831.6650.82.592.161.8753

36、.82.1356.82.4659.82.85P16A 的基底壓力kg/cm 2 (10 5N/m 2 )吊鉤下高度M52NM64NM74NM81NM101NM126N8.001.611.271.091.010.830.7011.001.651.301.111.030.840.7114.001.731.351.151.070.930.7317.001.781.381.171.090.970.7420.001.891.451.231.130.920.7723.002.071.551.301.200.960.8026.002.281.681.391.271.020.9229.002.721.901.531.381.080.9032.00*2.131.681.501.140.9335.00*2.732.061.801.311.0338.00*2.582.201.521.1441.00*2.741.771.2844.00*1.931.3747.00*2.321.56256HC 塔基邊長 （m ）安裝高度地基承載力 （KN/m2）臂長（m ）10013016019022025012.46.25.55.24.94.84.716.6