英語專業(yè)四級真題語法、完型填空題及解析

1、2013英語專業(yè)四級真題語法、完型填空題及解析【完形填空原文】Everyone knows that taxation is necessaryin a modern state: Without it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us nor the workers in government offices who look after our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cann

2、ot do for ourselves； nor the ministers and members of parliament（國會）who govern the country for us. By means of taxation, we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat.But everyone knows that taxation is necessary,different people have different ideas a

3、bout how taxation should be arranged.Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year? Or should there be tax on things thatpeople buy and sell? If the first kind of taxation is used, should everyone pay the same tax, whether he is rich or poor? If the second kind

4、 of tax is preferred, should everything be taxed equally?In most countries, a direct tax on persons, which is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest peoplepay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer' s income grows. In England, for examp

5、le, the tax on therichest people goes up as high as ninety-five percent!But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to paytaxes or “duties ” . Of course, it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who

6、 really have to pay theduties, in the form of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary thingsare taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money

7、is got but the tax is fairer, as the rich pay it.Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement.【語法題真題及解析】51. Facing the board of directors,he didn'tdeny breaking the agreement.A. him B. it C

8、. his D.its解析：本題考查動名詞的邏輯主語。動名詞可以有自己的邏輯（意義）主語，一般可以用名詞所有格Tom's,代詞賓格如him （口語），書面語情況下一般用物主代詞his, theiro本題選C,但我還是要吐槽，因為根本就不需要多此一舉添加 his, he didn't deny breaking theagreemen院全正確，比原題要精簡地道許多，從寫作角度來看，his根本是多余的，當然純粹考察語法的話選C。52. Xinchun returned from aboard adifferent man. The italicized part functions

9、 as a(n).A. appositive(同位語)B. object C.adverbial D. complement.解析：此題恐怕是最受爭議的題目了，有人認為選A,有人認為選Do據(jù)目前來看，選D,具體講解有待更新53. Which of the following is a compound word(復合詞)?A. Nonsmoker B. Deadline C.Meaness D. Misfit解析： 首先要知道什么是復合詞。A compound is a word that consists of morethan one free morpheme所謂morpheme詞素是最

10、小的音義結合體，其最大的特點是不能再被分割為更小的音義結合體。而 freemorpheme是指能獨立存在使用的詞素，bound morpheme則是必須依附于其他單位的t素，比如前綴后綴屬于boundmorpheme,如 pre-, -ment,在單詞 shipmentM, ship就是 freemorpheme, ment貝Ll是 bound。因止匕四個選項里只有 deadline是由兩個 free morpheme構成(dead+line),其他三個者B有 Boundmorpheme比如 non,ness,mis等。54. Which of the following sentences

11、containssubjunctive mood?A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5o'clock?B. She used to drive to work, but now she takesthe city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till thesecond traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.解析:subjunctive

12、 mood是指虛擬語氣，四個選項里只有 A的insist屬于虛擬語氣用法，其中that從句里省略了 should。55. The following determiners（限定詞）can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT A. more B. enough C.manyD. such解析：限定詞的用法是近幾年專四的熱門考點，諸如some, many, both, all, each等用法究竟如何還是希望大家多翻語語法書和詞典。這道題看似有點難度，也許你從來不知道哪個限定詞可以接名詞復數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，但好在備選項里 每個

13、單詞你都可以去接名詞試試就知道了，比如moremoney,more trees; enough money, enough trees; many money?, many trees; such big trees, such behavio所以選 C。56. Which of the italicized parts indicatesCONTRAST?A. She opended the door and quietly went in.B. Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports.C. Think it over again and

14、 you'll get an answer.D. He is somewhat arrogant, and I don't like this.解析：首先要明白and不一定表示并列。A, C里的and表示先后；D里的and表示遞進；只有B里的and表示對比。57. Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute（名詞替代詞）？A. Much B. Neither C. OneD. Quarter解析：估計不少學生看到名詞替代詞這個術語，一開始都嚇著了，因為壓根沒聽說過，不過對做這道題目倒無大礙，所 謂名

15、詞替代詞顧名思義就是指能代替名詞或名詞短語，避免重復的詞，英語里 one,ones,(the)sam片者B是常見的。 比如 There are good films as well as bad one除此以夕卜還有 the kind, the sort, 比如 Slang disappears quickly, especially the juvenile sort.還有些不定代詞等比如 all, both, some, any enough, several, none, many,much, (a) few, (a) little, the other, others, another

16、, either, neither 等， 比如 Can you get me some nails? I need some. I don ' t want any more food. I ' ve had enoughs D, quarter不是名詞替代詞。58. All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPTA. Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B. The President is coming to the UN next

17、week,C. The school pupils will be home by now.D. He is going to email me the necessary information.解析：這道題目有點意思，既考查時態(tài)，又考查 will的用法，A/B/D都是將來時的各種表達，唯獨 C的will,看似是將 來時標志，其實不然，因為和bynow矛盾,這里 will的用法是指you think something is true,表說話人自己的看法，比如 That will be Tim coming home now; Ask anyone and they will tell yo

18、u the same thing.本題選 C。59. Which of the following sentences isgrammatically INCORRECT?A. Politics are the art or science of government.B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.D. All the furniture has arrivedundamaged.解析：本題考查主謂一致(agreement。tenmiles看作整體單數(shù)，mum

19、ps腮腺炎這個單詞就是以s結尾的，不可數(shù)名詞；furniture在英語里是不可數(shù)名詞；A里的 politics并不是指政治，而是指政治學(politicalscience),是不可數(shù)名詞，但這個用法主要是英式英語。此外，politics表示政治可以看作不可數(shù)名詞，也可以看作復數(shù)，比如 Politics havealways interested me.本題選 A。60. Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship?A. The arrival of the touristsB. The

20、 law of NewtonC.The occupation of the islandD. The plays of Oscar Wilde解析：傳統(tǒng)語法和現(xiàn)代句法學關于什么是predicate本身就不一樣，題目的傳統(tǒng)語法predicate指謂語，是對主語動作或狀態(tài)的陳述或說明，指出 做什么"是什么”或怎么樣"其次，說實話，我手上所有圖書查不到相關語法點講解 subject-predicaterelationship,谷歌后也沒有什么結果，但我知道是選 A,游客到來，只是我暫時找不出任何可靠來源來解釋。61. Which of the following italiciz

21、ed parts serves as an appositive?A. He is not the man to draw back.B. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie.C. Larry has a large family to support.D. There is really nothing to fear.解析：又是同位語？ ！但是翻遍手上的各類參考書，都沒有關于不定式to的同位語用法。四個選項的用法在語法書里并沒有做進一步區(qū)分，都成為不定式的定語用法，修飾名詞。不過還是可以看出不太一樣的地方，A中名詞和不定式是動賓結構theman dra

22、w back, C和D都是不定式和名詞構成動賓 to fear nothing, to support family；而唯獨B,urge（沖動）的內容就是指to tell a lie撒謊，故為同位語。62. Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence?A. Let me drive you home, shall I?B. You will mind your own business.C. Come and have dinner with us.D. I wish you could stay behind.解析：花了點時間翻遍手頭各類語法和用法圖書，除了直接用動詞打頭，Do/Don't, You/其他喚名+動詞，let類型外，均沒有見到 D的wish類型。63. If it tomorrow, the matc