動詞不定式講解與練習

1、動詞不定式講及練動詞不定式在句中可充當主語、表語、賓語、賓補、定語和狀語等。一、作主語動詞不定式作主語可位于句首。例如：To learn a skill is very important for everyone in today's society.也可使用it作形式主語，而將其置于句末。例如：It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.動詞不定式作主語的常用句型有：1. It isadj./ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.用于此句型的形容詞有：easy, hard, diff

2、icult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如：It is interesting to play this game.      It is necessary for you to change your job.       It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time

3、.考例1：Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. now    B. man   C. that    D. it用于此句型的名詞有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film.    &#

4、160;  It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old. 2. It isadj.of sb.to do sth. 該句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容詞，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如：How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!      It is friendly o

5、f the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.       How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!3. It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 該句型意為“做某事花費某人多長時間”。例如：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 二、作表語動詞不定式作表語常用于以下結構：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is及Th

6、e next step/ measure is 等。例如：Your job is to type the papers in the office. The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.三、作賓語常見的只能使用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。 例如：They deci

7、ded to build a highway between these two cities.      She offered to help me when I was in trouble.believe, think, consider, feel, make等動詞可用于“動詞+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語動詞不定式置于句末。例如：I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work. 

8、        She felt it her duty to help the old woman.四、作賓補可后接動詞不定式作賓補的動詞有：advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。例如：The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar. I wish you to go to the meeting with me.believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, f

9、ind, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等動詞后可接to be型不定式作賓補。例如：He declared himself to be a college student. 他自稱是名大學生。          The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局證實他是小偷。hope, demand, suggest等動詞不能后接動詞不定式作賓補。例如：【誤】I hope my son to be back soon.

10、【正】I hope my son will be back soon.【誤】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.【正】She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.在主動結構中，下列動詞后作賓補的動詞不定式應省略to：“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“兩聽”(hear, listen

11、to)“一感覺”(feel)。例如：Who made him work all night long? 但是，改為被動結構后，應補出省略的to。例如：He was seen to break the window.五、作定語動詞不定式作定語，應位于所修飾詞語之后，即：作后置定語。例如：Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修飾anything，位于其后)下列名詞后常接動詞不定式作定語：ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。例如：But

12、 she gave up the chance to go abroad.由only, first, last, next以及序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞后，也常接不定式作定語。例如：Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?六、作狀語動詞不定式作狀語，可表示目的、原因、結果或條件。例如：We went there to see our grandparents.（目的）          I am very sorry to hear that.（原因） 

13、;         She hurried home only to find her father dead.（結果）          To look at the picture, you would like it.（條件）作目的狀語，還可以使用in order to或so as to。例如：The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.結果狀語還可以使用enough to, tooto, soas t

14、o, such as to等結構。例如：He got up too late to miss the early bus.          She was in such a hurry as not to notice me. 她如此匆忙，以致沒有注意到我。動詞不定式的用法1. 不定式的構成不定式是由不定式符號to+動詞原形構成，在某些情況下to也可省略。不定式一般有時式和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表中的幾種形式（以do為例）：一般式to do  被動式to be done   完成式to hav

15、e done   完成被動式 to have been done進行式 to be doing 完成進行式 to have been doing 其否定形式是由not加不定式構成。如：His works are said to have been translated into many languages. 據(jù)說他的作品被譯成了多種文字。He pretended to be reading when his mother came in. 當他母親進來時，他假裝在看書。His sister told him not to read in the sun. 他的姐姐讓他不要

16、在陽光下看書。Mother made him get up early yesterday. 昨天母親讓他起得很早。2. 不定式各種形式的用法動詞不定式的一般式表示要做的事，當主語或被修飾詞是不定式的動詞的動作承受者時，不定式常用被動式；如果其動作發(fā)生的時間早于謂語動詞所發(fā)生的時間，這時不定式就常用完成式；這時，如果主語或被修飾詞是不定式動詞所表示動作的承受者，則不定式用完成被動式；如果不定式表示一個正在發(fā)生的動作，則用進行式。如：He seems to be writing an article. But I dont know what it is about. 他似乎在寫一篇文章。但是我

17、不知道是關于什么的。His works are said to have been translated into many languages. 據(jù)說他的作品被譯成了多種文字。3. 不定式的主動及被動形式一般說來，如果不定式的修飾成分是其動作的發(fā)出者，動詞不定式用主動形式，如果是其動作的承受者，則用被動式。但是有些情況下要注意：在have something to do中如果主語是動詞不定式的動作發(fā)出者，則用主動式，如果主語不是動詞不定式的動作發(fā)出者，則不定式用被動式have something to be done。例如：1. I have a question to ask. 我有個問題

18、要問。      2. I am going to Beijing tomorrow.  Do you have anything to be taken?         我明天要去北京，你有東西要帶嗎?（2）在不定式作定語時，如果句中有其動作發(fā)出者用主動形式，在there be句型中也常用不定式的主動形式但是如果強調動作本身，用被動式也可以。例如：1. Give me something to eat, please. 請給我點東西吃。2. There are many

19、plans to make/ to be made. There is nothing to do/to be done.但是：There is nothing to speak of. 不要用to be spoken of      There is plenty to eat. 不要用to be eaten.4. 疑問詞跟不定式的結構動詞不定式可以和疑問詞搭配構成不定式短語，在句子中可做主語，賓語，表語。例如：How to solve the problem is a big problem.(做主語)I dont know what to do n

20、ext step.(做賓語)What made me confused was how to do the work well.(做表語)5. 不定式的語法作用不定式在其內(nèi)部具有動詞特點所以它可以帶有自己的修飾語，同時它還具有名詞，形容詞，副詞的性質，所以在句子中可以充當主語，賓語，定語，狀語，表語，補足語，插入語。（1）不定式做主語不定式做主語常指比較具體的要做的事情。但總的說來和動名詞區(qū)別不大。例如：To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek.       愛及被愛是一

21、個人所能尋找的最大幸福。      For one to know everything is difficult.      How to get rid of rats and flies is a big problem.動詞不定式在做主語時常用it替代，而把動詞不定式放到表語或賓語的后面。例如：It is not always easy to tell a lie.      It requires a lot of money to build a house.&#

22、160;     It is impossible for one to know everything.      It is unknown to us what to do and where to go.在下列結構中一般用不定式做主語：It is important/essential/necessary to do sth.。而在下列結構中常用動名詞做主語: It is no good/no use/ no help doing sth.例如：It is important for us students to l

23、earn English well.      It is necessary to tell him about that.      It is no good doing evil even toward evil people.（2）不定式做賓語動詞不定式一般可做及物動詞的賓語，動名詞也可以做賓語，介詞后面常跟動名詞做賓語，除了but，except，besides等少數(shù)的介詞之外。動名詞也可以做賓語他們之間的區(qū)別在于：不定式表具體，動名詞表一般。試比較：I dont like to play basketb

24、all today. I dont like playing basketball.但是有些及物動詞只能跟動詞不定式做賓語，這些動詞如下：wish, hope, expect, manage, pretend, plan, decide, determine, fail, intend, promise, long, afford, arrange等等。例如：John decided to marry her.      I cannot afford to get sick.      They wished t

25、o have organized a party.      He failed to pass the exam though he tried his best.但是，下列動詞則要求必須跟動名詞做賓語：advise, suggest, forbid, permit, enjoy, mind, finish, excuse, admit, miss, dislike, cant help(禁不住), cant stand, practice, imagine, resist, resolve等。例如：He had finished doing his

26、homework before his mother came back.      I couldnt help laughing at his words.      If you want to learn English well, you must practice speaking it as often as possible.有些動詞跟不定式和跟動名詞表示的時間不一樣，如regret, remember, forget。跟不定式表示沒有做過的事情；而跟動名詞則表示做過的事情。例如：I regret

27、to tell you that you are dismissed.      I remember meeting him somewhere before.      Dont forget to take your umbrella in case it rains.有些動詞跟不定式和動名詞表示的意思不同。如stop, mean, try等。例如：After a long walk, he stopped to have a rest.      They stopp

28、ed talking as soon as the teacher came in.      I didnt mean to hurt you.      The heavy rain means our staying one more day here.      Why not try taking a boat to give yourself a change.      I tried to persuade him bu

29、t failed.另外，在動詞want, need, require的后面一般跟不定式做賓語，跟單個的動名詞則是主動表被動,如果帶有的修飾成分較長也可以用不定式的被動式。例如：He wants to see you and tell you something important.      The watch needs mending since it cant work properly.動詞不定式一般不做介詞賓語，但是在but, except, besides, than, instead of, about, save后面可以做介詞賓語。例如：

30、He is about to leave the city.      We saw no alternative but/except/save to fight.      Nothing remains but to wait and see.（3）不定式做狀語動詞不定式做狀語時，一般表示目的，有時表示出乎意料的結果。在形容詞的后面時有時表示原因，形容詞一般是glad, sorry, proud, angry, ashamed, excited, disappointed, interested等表示感情的詞

31、。例如：Im sorry to hear that. 表原因      He is amazed for Mary to receive that letter from a stranger. 表原因      He is happy for his daughter to marry a rich man. 表目的      In order for his son to study abroad, he has been very thrifty for ten yea

32、rs. 表目的      He tried to kill himself only to be saved. 表結果做狀語的不定式，可做評注性狀語，對整個句子加以評述。例如下面的短語就常做這類狀語：To be honest, to speak frankly, to speak generally, to cut a long story short等等（4）不定式做表語不定式做表語，一般都是回答主語（表示物或事情）是什么，有的書上解釋成做主語補足語；動名詞也有類此的用法，它們之間的區(qū)別在于：不定式一般比較具體，帶有更多的修飾成分；動名詞較抽象，一般帶

33、有的修飾成分少。分詞做表語多是說明主語所處的狀態(tài), 特點, 性質,等等。例如：My purpose is to help him.      His plan was to set up a big company.      His hope is for every student to work eight hours a day.      What impressed him most was to see the great changes that had ha

34、ppened there.      給他印象最深的是看到那里所發(fā)生的巨大變化。不定式做表語      The mountain is covered with snow all around the year.       山上終年覆蓋著雪。過去分詞做表語比較：The glass is broken. 那個玻璃杯壞了。      The glass was broken by him. 那個玻璃杯是他打壞的。   

35、   To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。不定式或動名詞做表語。      My advice is for you to apologize to her. 我的建議是你向他道歉。不定式做表語。      The story he told us is very interesting. 他給我們講的故事很有趣。在seem，appear，prove等系動詞的后面表示狀態(tài)。例如：He seems to know it.  &#

36、160;   He appears to be jobless.      The method proved to be effective.be to do可表示將來計劃好安排好的事情，可表示上級對下級的吩咐，要求，命令，也可以表示命中注定要發(fā)生的事情。例如：You are to die at eighty-two. （上天安排。）      One is to struggle for ones living. （自然安排）      You are

37、 to be back by ten oclock. （吩咐）      Nobody is to say such a thing. （禁令）      If you are to study in Europe, you must learn about a foreign language.（5）不定式做補足語不定式做補足語常表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生，反復發(fā)生的動作，也可以表示瞬間完成的動作；現(xiàn)在分詞做補足語表示正在發(fā)生的事情，或表示一個過程；過去分詞表示被動，多數(shù)表示完成，但有些沒有完成意思。例如：He saw him

38、 come in. 我看見他進來了。比較：I saw him coming in. 我看見他正走進來。      I often see him play on the playground.       I just saw him playing on the playground.      They had the light burning all the night. 他們讓燈整夜的亮著。      She will hav

39、e her hair cut this afternoon. 她今天下午去理發(fā)。動詞want，order的后面有跟動詞不定式的被動式表示被動，表示要做事情。例如：They dont want the land to be built. 他們不想讓土地用于建筑。      The emperor ordered all the walls to be joined up. 皇帝命令把所有的城墻都連接起來。在下列動詞的后面不定式做賓補時，需要省略to：feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, look at, see,

40、watch, notice, observe, help等，但是變成被動語態(tài)時，省略的to必須加上。例如：I will have him do it for me.       He watched the painter paint the door.      I felt the house shake.       Let him come at seven.      I was made to get up early ye

41、sterday.       The house was felt to shake.（6）不定式做定語不定式做定語時，放在被修飾詞的后面，常表示要做的事情，帶有很強的目的性，如果句中有其動作的發(fā)出者常用主動式，強調要做也可以用被動式，如果沒有其動作的發(fā)出者，則常用被動式。例如：He has a lot of things to do.      The manager told the secretary he had a report to be typed. （從句中）    

42、 An attempt to climb the mountain will be made.      The order for the army to start was given.      He needs love to strength his broken heart.      There is no need to set up at once.有關不定式的練習題:1. He is said to _ to his country becaus

43、e a new president comes into power.A. be allowed to return  B. allow to return  C. allow returning  D. be allowed returning2. He spoke in such a high voice _ at the further end of the room.A. as to be heard    B. to be heard    C. as to hear  &#

44、160; D. to hear3. - Why was the official meeting called?  - _ new officers.A. Select    B. Selecting    C. To select    D. To have select4. In Australia, he made a lot of friends _ a practical knowledge of the English language.A. to get    B. get

45、0;   C. getting    D. got5. To play fair is as important as _ .A. to play well   B. play well   C. we play well   D. playing well6. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met   B. eating   C. to meet   

46、D. to have met7. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.A. ride, ride   B. riding, ride  C. ride, to ride  D. to ride, riding8. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ .A. not to    B. not to do 

47、  C. not do it    D. do not to9. - Do you work in the lab every afternoon?  - No, but sometimes, I wish I _ .A. had time to    B. had time to do   C. have time to   D. have time10. Ill do whatever I can _ my English.A. improve   B. to

48、improve   C. improving   D. to improving11. Could you tell me the way youve thought of _ ?A. to do it   B. doing it   C. do it   D. has to do it12. He was often listened _ in the next room.A. sing   B. sung   C. to to sing  &

49、#160;D. to singing13. Would you be _ shut the window?A. enough kind to  B. kind enough not to  C. kind enough to  D. so kind enough as to14. Dont take the medicine, it cant help _ rid of your cold.A. getting   B. to get   C. to getting   D.

50、 gets15. My grandmother seems to have a lot _ .A. worry about   B. to worry   C. to be worried   D. to worry about16. Every minute is made full _ of _ our lessons.A. to use, study    B. use, studying    C. useful, to study    D. use, to stu

51、dy17. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go    B. to have gone    C. going    D. having gone18. You shouldnt allow _ games near the classroom, for its too noisy.A. student playing   B. play   

52、;C. students to play   D. to play19. The waiter was made _ to the guest.A. apologize   B. apologizing   C. to apologize   D. to be apologizing20. Whom would you rather _ the work?A. to have to do   B. to have do   C. have to do  D

53、. have do21. I had meant _ on you, but I was so busy.A. call   B. to call   C. calling   D. be calling22. - Do you often have someone_ your clothes?  - Yes, I often have them _ .A. wash, to wash  B. to wash, washed  C. washed, wash 

54、60;D. wash, washed23. She actually heard about it, but he pretended_ .A. to hear not   B. not hearing   C. to not hear   D. not to24. Pieces of bamboo or wood _ books between 2nd and 5th century AD.A. used to formed   B. used to form   C. were used t

55、o form   D. used to be forming25. -Why did you move the table over there?  - _ the new sofa?A. Share room with    B. To make room for   C. Given room for    D. Saving room for26. A middle-aged woman came _ to the bus stop only _ the bus had gone.A. t

56、o run, finding   B. running, to find   C. and ran, found   D. running, find27. To know what is good and _ are two different things.A. knowing what is wrong      B. do what is rightC. to do what is right          D. doing

57、 what is right28. Smith appears _ a long time. He is impatient for my arrival.A. to wait   B. to be waiting    C. to have waited    D. to have been waiting29. Our professor has just come back from aboard. He seems _ his trip very much.A. to enjoy   B. to have

58、enjoyed   C. to be enjoying   D. to have been enjoying30. - Why has Jack not come yet now? Anything wrong with him?   - He didnt pass the test but he still _.A. hopes so    B. hopes that    C. hopes to    D. hopes it31. The houses _ are for

59、 the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. built   B. to be built   C. to build   D. being built32. - Why did you come a long way round?   - I was afraid _ near the fierce dog because I was afraid _.A. of walking, to be bitten   B. to

60、 walk, of being bittenC. to walk, to be bitten     D. of walking, of being bitten33. He is said _ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.A. to have been badly treated    B. treating badlyC. being badly treated          D. t

61、o be treated badly34. Some kids wish people wouldnt keep on _ how, years ago, children were made _ far more respect to their elders.A. point out, show         B. pointing out, showingC. pointing out, to show     D. to pointing, to show35. The last pe

62、rson _ the sinking ship was the captain.A. left   B. leave   C. to leave   D. to be leaving36. - Why was he fined?     - He happened to _ several flowers in the park.A. be seen pick   B. be seen picking   C. be caught to pick 

63、;  D. catch picking37. - Do you have anything more _, sir?     - No, you can have a rest or do something else.A. typing   B. to be typed   C. typed   D. to type38. Dont you think the question _ tomorrow is of great importance?A. being discussed&

64、#160;  B. discussed   C. to be discussed   D. to discuss39. - Im terribly sorry, but I seem _ a hole in the rug.  - Oh, thats all right.A. burn   B. to burn   C. to have burnt   D. to be turning40. It is impossible for anyone _ these p

65、hotographs before, because Mr. Newman had them developed today.A. having seen   B. to have seen   C. to see   D. seeing41. If the work _ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A. is completed   B. to be completed  

66、0;C. has been completed   D. being completed42. I would love _ to the cinema last night, but I had to look after my sick sister at home.A. to go    B. to have gone    C. going    D. having gone43. - Did you seen Tom? He said he would come back for supper at si

67、x oclock.   - He seems _ with Bob in the lake.A. to swim     B. to be swimming    C. to have swim    D. swimming44. Reading English in the morning seems to be a rule _.A. to never break   B. never to be breaking   C. never to be broken   D. never to break45. The boy the teachers considered _ failed in the final exam, _ surprised them very much.A.