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1、形容詞able )(能干的)abler ablestbrave(勇敢的)braver bravestclose(接近的)closer closestfine(好的,完美的)finer finestlarge(巨大的)larger largestlate(遲的)later latestnice )(好的)一nicer nicestripe(成熟的)riper ripestrude )(粗魯?shù)模﹔uder rudestsafe(安全的)safer safeststrange (奇怪的) stranger strangest wide(寬廣的)wider widestwise ,)(睿智的,聰明的)

2、一wiser wisest white(白的)whiter whitest3. 以不發(fā)音的字母e 結(jié)尾的形容詞,加上4. “以輔音字母+y ”結(jié)尾的詞改y 為 i ,再加 -er, -est第一章 比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)變化一覽表規(guī)則變化1. 單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞尾加上“ er ”“ est ”bright (明亮的)brighter brightestbroadcheap (便宜的)cheaper cheapestcleanclever (聰明的) cleverer cleverest cold cool (涼的)cooler coolestdarkdear (貴的)dearer dearest

3、deepfast (迅速的) faster fastestfewgreat( 偉大的) greater greatesthardhigh (高的) higher highestkindlight (輕的) lighter lightestlongloud (響亮的) louder loudestlownear (近的)nearer nearestnewpoor (窮的)poorer poorestquickquiet (安靜的) quieter quietestrichshort (短的)shorter shortestslowsmall (小的)smaller smallestsmartso

4、ft ( 柔軟的) softer softeststrongsweet (甜的)sweeter sweetesttallthick (厚的)thicker thickestwarmweak (弱的) weakerweakestyoung構(gòu)成比較級(jí)、最高級(jí):(廣闊的) broader broadest(干凈的) cleaner cleanest(寒冷的)colder coldest(黑暗的)darker darkest(深的) deeper deepest fewer fewest困難的, 硬的) harder hardest(善良的) kinder kindest(長的) longer lon

5、gest lower lowest newer newest(快的)quicker quickest(富裕的)richer richest(慢的) slower slowest(聰明的) smarter smartest( 強(qiáng)壯的) stronger strongest-taller - tallest warmer warmest(年輕的) younger youngest2 以一個(gè)元音加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞-estbig (大的)biggerbiggesthot (熱的)hotterhottestsad (傷心的)sadder saddestwet (濕的)wetterwettest

6、特別提醒: new, few, slow, clean(即重讀閉音節(jié)詞) , 雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母erfat (胖的)fatter fattestred (紅的)redder reddestthin (瘦的) thinner thinnestmad (瘋的)madder maddest等詞含有字母組合,且發(fā)的是長元音,不用雙寫。r ”“ st ” 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)、最高級(jí):dirtier dirtiestbusy (忙碌的) busier busiest dirtydry (干燥的) drier driestearly (早的) earlier earliesteasy( 容易的) easier ea

7、siest friendly( 友好的) friendlier friendliestfunny (好玩的) funnier funniest happy (開心的) happier happiest healthy (健康的) healthier healthiest heavy (重的) heavier heaviest hungry (餓的) hungrier hungriest lazy (懶惰的) lazier laziest lucky( 幸運(yùn)的) luckier luckiest naughty ( 調(diào)皮的) naughtier naughtiest noisy( 嘈雜的) no

8、isier noisiest pretty( 美麗的) prettier prettiestsilly (傻的) sillier silliestspicy (辣的) spicier spiciestthirsty (渴的) thirstier thirstiest ugly (丑的) uglier ugliest5. 雙音節(jié)、多音節(jié)形容詞( 即音標(biāo)中含有三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上元音音素的詞) ,在單詞前面加上“ more ”“ most” 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)、最高級(jí):afraid (害怕的) more afraid most afraidbeautiful (美麗的) more beautiful most

9、beautifulcareful (仔細(xì)的)more careful most carefulcheerful (開心的) more cheerful most cheerfulcrowded (擁擠的)more crowded most crowdeddangerous (危險(xiǎn)的)more dangerousmostdangerousdelicious (美味的)more deliciousmostdeliciousdifficult (困難的)more difficultmostdifficultexciting (令人興奮的) more exciting most excitingexp

10、ensive (昂貴的)more expensivemostexpensivefamous (著名的)more famous most famousfrightened (受驚的) more frightened most frightenedfrightening (令人害怕的) more frightening most frighteninghard-working (勤奮的) more hard-working most hard-workinghelpful (有幫助的) more helpful most helpfulhonest (誠實(shí)的) more honest most h

11、onestimportant (重要的) more important most importantinteresting (有趣的) more interesting most interestingpolite (有禮貌的) more polite most politeterrible (可怕的) more terrible most terribletired (累的) more tired most tired特別提醒:以形容前綴un 構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況,如: unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest

12、6. 以形容詞 +ly 構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加more , mostSlowly-more slowly-most slowly quickly-more quickly-most quickly特別提醒: early -earlier-earliest7. 由ing分詞和-ed分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如knowf known)只能加more或 most 來表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。interesting- more interesting-most interestingexcited- more excited - most excitingtired- more tired -

13、 most tired boring-more boring-most boring不規(guī)則變化bad (壞的)一worseworstfar (遠(yuǎn)的)farther farthest (far further furthest)good (好的) better bestill (病的)worse worstlittle (少的) less leastmany (多的)一moremostmuch (多的)一moremostold (年老的) older oldest ( old elder eldest)well (好的,身體好的) better best特別提醒:further不僅可以指距離更遠(yuǎn)

14、”,還可指程度更深”。記住以下三個(gè)詞組:furtherstudy( 進(jìn)修 )further education( 繼續(xù)教育 ) further information ( 進(jìn)一步的信息 ) elder僅用于同輩之間的排行,如 :elder sister(姐姐)elder brother (哥哥) less作為 更少”僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞表示更少"要用fewer。第二章 形容詞副詞比較級(jí)較難考點(diǎn)少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加more, most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),這類形容詞一般為表語形容詞和由過去分詞變成的形容詞afraid -more afraid, most afraid tir

15、ed - more tired , most tiredfond - more fond , most fond glad -more glad , most gladbored - more bored , most bored pleasedmore pleased , most pleased下列形容詞 和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有兩種形式,即:既 可加-er/-est 也可加more/moststrict, often, friendly, clever下列形容詞和副詞沒有比較級(jí)和最高(即表示 最高程度”或 絕對(duì)狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)) 如: empty, wrong, p

16、erfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely .比較應(yīng)在同類事物之間進(jìn)行。誤: Your English is better than me.正: Your English is better than mine.比較級(jí)前可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語,最常見的三大修飾詞是:a little, much, even 。以下單詞也可用來修飾: any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。My sister is a little taller than me.Th

17、eir house is much larger than ours.另外,名詞短語也可修飾比較級(jí),說明程度。I m three years older than he.特別提醒: very, quite, too 不可修飾比較級(jí)。避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。誤:He is more kinder to small animals than I.正:He is much kinder to small animals than I.誤: He is more cleverer than his brother.正: He is cleverer than his brother.比較要符合邏輯,在同一

18、范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí),避免將主語含在比較對(duì)象中,這時(shí)需使用other來排除自身。誤: China is larger that any country in Asia.正: China is larger than any other country in Asia.誤:John studies harder thananystudent in his class.正:John studies harder thananyother student in his class.正:John studies harder thananyof the other studentsinhis class.正:

19、John studies harder thananyone else in his class.比較要遵循前后一致的原則,注意前后呼應(yīng)。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。Africa is the second largest continent.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.This is the third m

20、ost popular song of Michael Jackson.為避免重復(fù),我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞, those 代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 one 既可指人又可指物,只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The weather in China is different from that in America.The book on the table is more interesting than that(或 the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger th

21、an one made of wood.誤:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.正:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. “否定詞+比較級(jí)”相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)。Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.Nothing is so easy as thi

22、s. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.比較級(jí)前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者,且比較級(jí)后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了of the two ,這時(shí)比較級(jí)前一定要加 the 。He is the taller of the two.Of the two jobs , he chose the harder.Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?試比較:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Ca

23、nada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.不含than的比較級(jí)前可加不定冠詞修飾,構(gòu)成“ a/an+比較級(jí)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"表示"一 個(gè)更的人/物”。Why don t you use a sharper knife? 你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢?比較級(jí)than后應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格,但非正式語體中常用賓格。He is taller than I/me.為避免重復(fù),比較級(jí)中同樣的動(dòng)詞用助動(dòng)詞do, does, did 替代。I spend

24、less time doing homework than John does.She tells more funny jokes than we do.以下內(nèi)容不是初中教學(xué)的重點(diǎn),僅供拓展之用。形容詞most前面沒有the ,不表示最高級(jí)的含義,只表示“非常”。It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法 A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.The new building is four times the s

25、ize(the height)of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高) / 這座新樓比那座舊樓大(高)三倍。 A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/ 亞洲比歐洲大三倍。 A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)

26、校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上,兩倍可以用 twice 或 double.第三章 形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)重點(diǎn)句型歸納句型一:形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than注意事項(xiàng):該句型為比較級(jí)的最基本句型。只要看到 than ,即可確定前面使用比較級(jí)。He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.句型二:less + 形容詞的原級(jí) + than注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示“不如、不及” ,特別需要注意的是, less 本身就是 little 的比較級(jí),后面必須跟形容詞的原級(jí),否定就造成了比較級(jí)

27、的重復(fù)使用。This computer is less expensive than that one.句型三:as +形容詞或副詞的原級(jí) + as注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示對(duì)比的兩者程度相當(dāng), as 之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級(jí),決不能使用比較級(jí)。此外,還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個(gè)as 前的動(dòng)詞,如果是系動(dòng)詞(如be,感官動(dòng)詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel等),那么就用形容詞的原級(jí),如果前面的動(dòng)詞是一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,那么就必須用副詞的原級(jí)修飾動(dòng)詞。This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks wit

28、h old people as politely as her sister.特別提醒:asas之間也可以跟名詞,句型如下: as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 +asHe is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。as + many/much+ 不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+asI can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少紙,我也能。I have as many books as you do. 我的書和你的一樣多。We ll give you as much help as we can.

29、我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它幾個(gè)關(guān)于 as- - as的句型: as as one can : 盡其所能He began to run as fast as he could. as as possible :盡可能Please help us as quickly as possible. as soon as 一就He will call me as soon as he comes here.句型四:not as/so + 形容詞或副詞的原級(jí) + as注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示“前者不如后者”,往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個(gè) as可以換為so。This classroom is not

30、 as bright as yours.I cannot run as fast as you.句型五:the +形容詞或副詞最高級(jí) + in / of / among +比較范圍注意事項(xiàng):如果這里為副詞最高級(jí),前面的 the 常常省略。介詞 in 和 of 的用法完全不一樣。 in 表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)” ,如: in the classroom , in the world 。 of 表示“在同類之間” , of 后 面的詞與主語同類,另名詞前一般有冠詞 the。among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之間” , among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。The Changjiang River i

31、s the longest river in our country.Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.句型六:one of + 形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式注意事項(xiàng):one of 有三大考點(diǎn): 1. 后跟形容詞最高級(jí); 2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式; 3. 作主語時(shí)主語為one,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.句型七:比較級(jí) +and +比較級(jí)/ more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級(jí)注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示“越來越”,如果該形容詞比較級(jí)構(gòu)成形式加er,則用前面的句型;如果該形容詞比較級(jí)加more 構(gòu)成,則用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becoming more and

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