動(dòng)詞不定式用法大全

1、動(dòng)詞不定式用法大全動(dòng)詞不定式用法大全英語動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式為三種：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。非謂語 動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to動(dòng)詞原形”，其中 to 不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，稱為小品詞，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱 和數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中 可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。一. 作主語 例如：To be a doctor is hard. 做醫(yī)生很難。To learn English well is not easy. 學(xué)好英語不容易。To say is to believe.眼見為實(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式（短

2、語）作主語時(shí)，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“it” 作形式主語，而把真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）放在句子的后部。 例如上面的句子可以表示為：It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如：Its important to plant trees in spring.如果動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作是誰做的，可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前面加一個(gè)由 介詞 for 引導(dǎo)的短語，稱為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Its good for us to read English aloud in the morning.對(duì)我們來說每天早晨大聲讀英語

3、是很有益的。It is important for students to use English every day.對(duì)學(xué)生來說每天使用英語是很重要的。二. 作表語：（在形式上，位于系動(dòng)詞后的就是表語。從含義上講，表 語是回答主語 “是什么 ”或“怎么樣”的語法成分。）動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作表語常用于系詞 be 的后面。例：His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是開車。My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是當(dāng)醫(yī)生。三. 作賓語動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）可以放在一些動(dòng)詞

4、后面用作賓語，能以動(dòng)詞不 定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask 等。例：I want to tell you a story. 我想給你講個(gè)故事。They begin to work at eight every morning. 他們每天早晨 8 點(diǎn)開始 工作。Dont forget to lock the door.別忘了鎖門。Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我23*動(dòng)詞不定式的

5、否定式是直接在 to 之前加 not. 例：（1） Tell them not to play football in the street. 告訴他們不要在街道 上踢足球。（2） 省 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞前面加 not. 例： Let the boy not go. 讓那個(gè)男孩別走。（3） 如果將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式 變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語，動(dòng)詞不定式則不省“to，”即原來省的再加上，例：The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made to cry by the boy.那個(gè)孩子被男孩弄哭了。五. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語

6、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后， 為后置定語。例：Who was the first one to arrive? 誰第一個(gè)到的？S he has no paper to write on? 她沒有紙寫字？T he best way to learn English is to use it. 學(xué)英語最好的方法是使用 它。When is the best time to plant vegetables? 什么時(shí)候是種植蔬菜的最 好時(shí)間？Do you have something to drink? 你這有喝的嗎？*動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時(shí)，與其所修飾的詞

7、具有一種 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后應(yīng)加上一個(gè)含義 上所需要的介詞。例：I have no chair to sit on.我沒有椅子坐。He has no house to live in.他沒有房子住。六. 動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語：動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語常用在 go, come, hurry 等不及物動(dòng)詞后，表 目的。He went to see his sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。They got up early to catch the early bus.他們?cè)缙鹑ペs早班車。有時(shí)可以把不定式（短語）提前，放于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。例： To

8、early English quickly and well, he went to England.為了更快更好地學(xué)英語，他去了英國。不定式做狀語，可表示動(dòng)作的目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件和方式。 A. 表目的表目的時(shí)，不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前 面時(shí)，不定式常與句子用逗號(hào)隔開；而在句子末尾時(shí)一般不用逗號(hào)隔開。 如：4To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. 為了按時(shí)到達(dá)那 兒，我們?cè)绯课妩c(diǎn)就出發(fā)了。He goes there to enjoy the fresh air. 他去那兒享受那兒的新鮮空氣

9、。 比較：to do, in order to do, so as to do 都可表示目的，但 to do, in order to do 的位置既可在句首，又可在句末；而 so as to do 只能在句末 -In order to build a house, he bought some wood and steel yesterday. He bought some wood and steel yesterday in order to build a house. -He bought some wood and steel yesterday so as to build a

10、house. 為 了建房，昨天他買來了木料和鋼材。B. 表結(jié)果不定式在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中表示謂語動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，不定式的位置一般在句子末 尾。(1) 表示終結(jié)性的動(dòng)詞 find, see, hear, learn, discover 的不定式，常表示 出乎意料的結(jié)果，并且，不定式前常有 never, only 等副詞修飾。如： I hurried to the railway station yesterday, (only) to find that the train had left. 昨天我急急忙忙趕到火車站時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。I went to the classroom, to disco

11、ver it empty. 我走到教室，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)教 室是空的。(2) 在 “so + adj. / adv. + as + to do”中。如：The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year. 景色非常美，每年都要吸引很多人來這里。(3) 在 “adj. / adv. + enough + to do”中。如：He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei. 他跑得很快，結(jié)果趕上了李 蕾。(4) 在 “so + adj. / adv. +a(n) + n. + as

12、 + to do”中。如：This is so interesting a story as to interest children. 這是個(gè)很有趣的故 事，使孩子們非常感興趣。(5) 在 “such + adj. / adv. + n. + as + to do”中。如：She is such a good girl to help you make great progress. 她是個(gè)非常好 的姑娘，幫助你取得了很大的進(jìn)步。(6) 在 “too + adj. / adv. + to do”中。如：They went too slowly to catch the early bus.

13、他們走得太慢了，結(jié)果沒能 趕上早班車。C. 表原因不定式表示原因時(shí)，一般放在句子的末尾，說明主語某種心情、情感(glad, pleased, sad, worried, sorrow, excited) 所產(chǎn)生的原因。如：Im very glad to hear that Li Lei has been elected secretary of the Party. 聽說李蕾被選為了黨的書記，我很高興。5D. 表?xiàng)l件不定式表示條件時(shí)，一般放在句首。如：To be heated, liquid will change into gas. 如果受熱，液體就會(huì)變成氣 體。E. 表方式不定式可接在 a

14、s if / as though 之后表示方式時(shí)，如：He moved his mouth as if to say something. 他的嘴唇動(dòng)了動(dòng)，好像要說 什么事似的。七. 不定式和疑問詞連用，可以作句子的主語、賓語、表語等。例： The problem is where to get a computer. （表語）No one knows how to do it. 沒有人知道如何做這件事。（賓）I really dont know which one to choose. （賓）我真的不知道選哪一 個(gè)。When and where to have the party is no

15、t known. （主語）何時(shí)何地舉行聯(lián)歡還不知道。*不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語時(shí)有時(shí)可以改為賓語從句。例：I dont know what to do next. 我不知下一步該做什么？I dont know what I should do next.【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間： 30 分鐘）一. 選擇填空：1. He asked me _ here earlier.A. come B. to come C. coming D. came2. Please tell him _ on the wall.A. dont draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. n

16、ot draw 3. He wanted _ a cup of tea.A. to have B. having C. have D. had4. Id like _ a word with you.A. had B. having C. to have D. have5. I came here _ my uncle.A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen6. The man refused （拒絕）_ back his words.A. to take B. taking C. took D. takes7. I can let you _ one

17、 ticket.A. to have B. have C. having D. had8. We often heard him _ in his room.A. to sing B. sings C. sang D. sing69. He was made _ day and night.A. work B. working C. to work D. worked10. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing.A. having B. to have C. have D. had11. My father was too angry _ a word.A.

18、 to say B. not to say C. to saying D. didnt say 12. My brother was old enough _ to school.A. went B. goes C. going D. to go13. It is time _ him _ supper.A. of, to have B. for, to have C. of, having D. for, to has 14. Its very kind _ you _ me.A. of, to help B. for, to help C. of, help D. of, helping1

19、5. Its important _ our classroom clean every day.A. kept B. to keep C. to give D. keep16. Before liberation （解放）they had no chance _ to school. A. went B. go C. to go D. to be gone17. He said he had an important meeting _.A. attend B. would attend C. attending D. to attend18. Please give me a piece

20、of paper _.A. to write B. to write on C. writing D. to write it19. I dont know _.A. what do B. what will do C. what to do D. do what 20. Your radio needs _.A. to be repaired B. to repair C. repaired D. to repairing 21. My wish is _ a teacher.A. becoming B. to become C. become D. became 22. I want _

21、him a letter now.A. to write B. not write C. write D. wrote23. It took us three days _ the trees.A. plant B. planted C. to plant D. plants24. Why not _ here _ me?A. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing D. come, see 25. He wishes me _ my best _ hard at English.A. to do, to work B. doing, w

22、orking C. to do, working D. do, work726. Please tell me _ her. I have something _ her.A. where to find, telling B. where to find, to tellC. where can find, to tell D. where finding, telling27. How happy they are _ each other again!A. to see B. see C. saw D. being seen28. They decided （決心）_ a letter

23、_ their thanks.A. to write, expressing（表達(dá)） B. writing, expressC. write, expressed D. to write, to express29. The officer ordered （命令）him _ down _ a rest. A. lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, having D. lie, had 30. The headmaster called on（號(hào)召）us _ hard for our country. A. to work B. worked C.

24、 work D. to working 二. 根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt s ay anything.He was too angry _ _ anything.2. I dont know when we will have the meeting.I dont know when _ _ the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter _ _.4. That you read Engli

25、sh in the morning is very important.It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning.5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石頭）He was strong _ _ _ the stone.6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday.7. They got up early so that they cou

26、ld get there in time.They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.His brother decided _ _ the book.9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.He hopes _ _ the Great Wall.10.I saw him go into the room.He was seen _ _ into the room.11.We made him work five hours a day.He was made _ _ five hours a day.12.Do you want to say anything for yourself?Do you have anything _ _ for yourself?813.We dont know what we shall do next.We dont know what _ _ next.14.Im very sorry on hearing the bad news.Im ver