2012年北京高考英語試題及答案解析

1、2012年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語（北京卷）本試卷共16頁，共150分，考試時長120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：聽力理解（共三節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有一道小題，從每題所給的a、b、c三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話或獨白后，你將有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話或獨白你將聽一遍。例：what is the man going to read?a. a newspaperb. a magazinec. a book答案

2、是a。1. who answered the phone？a. mikeb. henryc. tom2. whats the womans favourite food?a. italian.b. chinese.c. indian3. when does the first flight arrive in detroit?a. 5:18am.b.6:10amc.8:50am4. what is the woman looking for?a. zoob. telephonec. tennis court5. what will the weather be like at the week

3、end?a. cloudy.b. snowy.c. sunny第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）聽下面4段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的a、b、c三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白你將聽兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6. where are the two speakers?a. in the hotelb in a shopc. in a restaurant7. how much did the man pay in the end?a. $115.b. $1

4、30c. $140聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8. what did the man do last weekend?a. watched tv.b. stayed at home.c. visited a friend9. what will the woman probably do this weekend?a. play tennis.b. do some shoppingc. go to a dance聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10. where are the new houses?a. on the main road.b. close to a bus station

5、. c. near the sports center.11. what does the woman like most about the new houses?a. the garden.b. the space.c. the quietness12. how does the man feel about the womans suggestion?a. delighted.b. disappointed.c. uninterested.聽第9段材料，回答第13至15題。13. what cant the students do without a teacher?a. hold pa

6、rties.b. complete the safety sheet.c. use any emergency equipment.14. why are the students asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab?a. it may catch fireb. it may cover their eyes.c. it may pass chemicals to their faces.15. what is the speech mainly about?a. laboratory regulations.b. safety inst

7、ructions.c. after-class activities.第三節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面的一段對話，完成第16至20五道小題，每小題近填寫一個詞，聽對話前，你將有20秒鐘的時間閱讀試題，聽完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時間，這段對話你將聽兩遍。telephone cancellation request formaccount nameedward 16 telephone no. 17 home phone plannonrefundable(不退款) 18 pre-paid planreason for cancellation 19 housecancella

8、tion date required 20 9, by 5:00 pm第二部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié) 單項填空（共15小題：每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。例：its so nice to hear from her again _, we last met more than thirty years ago.a. whats more b. thats to say c. in other words d. believe it or not答案是d。21.look at those clouds

9、!dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.a. even if b.as though c. in case d. if only22. by the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.a. gets b. has got c. will get d.is getting23. one learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.a. corrects b. correct c.to correct d. co

10、rrecting24. jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.a. why b. how c. that d. whether25. george said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.a. wouldnt b. didnt c. hasnt d. hadnt 26. when deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，h

11、e would forget all about eating or sleeping. a. that b. which c. where d. when 27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.a. use b. using c. used d. to use28. many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.a. some b. less c. much d. more29. have you heard about th

12、at fire in the market? yes, fortunately no one _.a. hurt b. was hurt c. has hurt d. had been hurt30. our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.a. had developed b. was developingc. would develop d. developed31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.a. knock b. knocking c. knocked

13、 d. to knock33. we _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?a. should face b. might face c. could have faced d. must have faced34. do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?a. at b. on c. to d. across35. dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.a. is b. were c. has been d

14、. had been第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。inspiration“mama, when i grow up, im going to be one of those!” i said this after seeing the capital dancing company perform when i was three. it was the first time that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as

15、 something important to start my training. as i grew older and was _37_ to more, my interests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. in the summer of 2005 when i was 18, i received the phone call which made that dream a

16、_40_; i became a member of the company _41_ back to 1925.as i look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. i believe i stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ i was halfway through rehearsals (排練) on my first day. i never actually _44_ to get the job. after being offered the

17、position, i was completely _45_. i remember shaking with excitement.though i was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of _46_. through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, i found it vital to _47_ up the material fast with every last bit of c

18、oncentration. it is that extreme _48_ to detail (細節(jié)) and stress on practice that set us _49_. to then follow those high-energy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, i discovered a new _51_ of the words “hard work.” what i thought were my physical _52_ were pushed muc

19、h further than i thought _53_. i learned to make each performance better than the last.today, when i look at the unbelievable company that i have the great _54_ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, i see a _55_ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a

20、 splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.36. a. hobby b. plan c. dream d. word37.a connected b. expanded c. exposed d. extended38. a. rarely b. certainly c. probably d. consistently39.a. director b. trainer c. leader d. dancer40. a. sy

21、mbol b. memory c. truth d. reality41. a. bouncing b. dating c. turning d. tracking42. a. lacksb. addsc. makesd. brings43. a. while b. since c. until d. when44.a. cared b. expected c. asked d. decided45.a. motivated b. relaxed c. convinced d. astonished46.a. challenges b. profits c. advantages d. adv

22、entures47.a. put b. mix c. build d. pick 48.a. attention b. association c. attraction d. adaptation49.a. apart b. aside c. off d. back50.a. over b. by c. with d. beyond51.a. function b. meaning c. expression d. usage52.a. boundaries b. problems c. barriers d. efforts53.a. necessary b. perfect c. pro

23、perd. possible54.a. talent b. honor c. potential d. responsibility55.a. victory b. trend c. tradition d. desire第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。athe basics of mathmade clearbasic math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well

24、 as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. these 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for algebra(代數(shù)) and beyond.the lessons in basic math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. they also look into exponents(指數(shù)), the order of

25、 operations, and square roots. in addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.basic math starts from th

26、e relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. the lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. they also help student

27、s prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of study.by the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. they will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their st

28、udies with more confidence than they ever imagined. in addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.professor h. siegel, honored by kentucky educational television as “the best math teacher in america,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explai

29、ning mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. from the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.with a phd in mathematics education from georgia state university, dr. siegel teaches mathemat

30、ics at central arizona college. his courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.if the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. or you can get your money back.56. what

31、does the course basic math mainly cover? a. algebra. b. college mathematics. c. arithmetic. d. mathematics education.57. what benefits can students expect from basic math? a. stronger imaginative ability. b. additional presentation skills. c. more mathematical confidence. d. greater chances of becom

32、ing teachers.58. what can we learn about professor h. siegel? a. he is a guest lecturer at kentucky educational television. b. he is to deliver 30 lectures in basic math. c. he works in georgia state university. d. he specializes in training teachers.59. where is the passage most likely to have been

33、 taken from? a. a news report. b. a book review c. a lesson plan. d. an advertisementbpeanuts to thisproudly reading my words, i glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. confused, i glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. having no

34、 choice, i slowly raised the report i had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “what could be causing everyone to act this way?”quickly, i flashed back to the day miss lancelot gave me the task. this was the first real talk i received in my new school. it seemed simple: go on the internet and find in

35、formation about a man named george washington. since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, i had never heard of that name before. as i searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! o

36、ne invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across america. i stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. i called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (擲) a coin. headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. ah! tails, my report woul

37、d be about the great man who invented peanut butter, george washington carver.weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, i was totally lost. oh well, i lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what i had done wrong. as a classmate began his report, it all became clear,

38、“my report is on george washington, the man who started the american revolution.” the whole world became quite! how could i know that she meant that george washington?obviously, my grade was awful. heartbroken but fearless, i decided to turn this around. i talked to miss lancelot, but she insisted:

39、no re-dos; no new grade. i felt that the punishment was not justified, and i believed i deserved a second chance. consequently, i threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. ten months later, that chance unfolded as i found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my gra

40、ndfather, now having an entirely different conversation. i smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. justice is sweet!60. what did the authors classmates think about his report?a. controversial.

41、 b. ridiculous.c. boring. d. puzzling.61. why was the author confused about the task?a. he was unfamiliar with american history.b. he followed the advice and flipped a coin.c. he forgot his teachers instruction.d. he was new at the school.62. the underlined word “burning” in para. 3 probably means _

42、.a. annoyed b. ashamedc. ready d. eager63. in the end, the author turned things around _.a. by redoing his taskb. through his own effortsc. with the help of his grandfatherd. under the guidance of his headmastercdecision-making under stressa new review based on a research shows that acute stress aff

43、ects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (負面的) consequences of a decision.the research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“stress affects how people learn,” says pr

44、ofessor mara mather. “people learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”for example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. in one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a spe

45、ech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. in both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone throu

46、gh the stress.this phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. but the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double e

47、ffect. not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.the research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. while both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress,

48、 their responses to risk turn out to be different.men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. in stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more,

49、 however, women will win.this tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64. we can learn from the pass

50、age that people under pressure tend to _.a. keep rewards better in their memoryb. recall consequences more effortlesslyc. make risky decisions more frequentlyd. learn a subject more effectively65. according to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.a. ways of making choicesb. p

51、reference for pleasurec. tolerance of punishmentsd. responses to suggestions66.the research has proved that in a stressful situation, _.a. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsb. men have a greater tendency to slow downc. women focus more on outcomesd. men are more likely to take risksdwi

52、lderness“in wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” this is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. the frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to

53、be preserved. as john sauven of greenpeace uk points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. the urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation

54、(開發(fā)) brings to such landscapes(景觀) is real. some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. to mr.sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.lee lane, a visiting fellow at the hudson ins

55、titute, takes the opposing view. he acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. but that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. there are ever more people on the earth, and they reasonably and rightful