翻譯項目報告

1、a translation project report translation skills and gains摘要翻譯是指用一種語言符號去表達另一種語言符號的意義，是一種跨語際、跨文化的交流活動。作為譯者，我們要了解譯語和原語之間的不同語言特性以及文化特征，在翻譯過程中不做死譯，不機械地使用一種語言結(jié)構(gòu)去復(fù)制另一種語言結(jié)構(gòu)，知道哪些結(jié)構(gòu)可以保留，哪些則需要進行調(diào)整，能夠正確判斷譯文，特別是英語譯文的質(zhì)量，在有意識地尋找合適的表達方式的同時，能夠在傳意性和可接受性之間找到平衡點。在這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計中，我完成了兩項翻譯實踐。一項是題為市場的想法：在美國和英國教育研究的政治經(jīng)濟改革，如何促進市場管理

2、主義的英譯漢，另一項是題為文化差異對跨國營銷的影響分析的漢譯英。在這篇報告中，我將針對這次翻譯實踐中所遇到的問題以及我的具體解決方法進行闡述，并總結(jié)相關(guān)的翻譯技巧。關(guān)鍵詞：翻譯 翻譯技巧 翻譯心得abstracttranslation is the project which using one linguistic symbols to express the meaning of another linguistic symbols, and is also an interlingual and intercultural communication. as a translator,

3、we need to understand the different languages characteristics and cultural characteristics between the target language and primitives, not to mechanically using a language construct to replicate in another language structure, we need to know which can be retained and which need to be adjusted, to co

4、rrectly judge the quality of the translation especially the english translation, when consciously looking for the right way to express, at the same time, we need to find a balance between the meaning expression and acceptability. in this graduation project, i have carried out two translation practic

5、e. one is translate the english article entitled in the market for ideas: how reforms in the political economy of educational research in the us and uk promote market managerialism into chinese, and the another one is translate the chinese article which is entitled the analysis of the impact of cult

6、ural differences on cross-border marketing into english. in this paper, i will discourse the problem i met in this translation practice and the method i used to solve this problem.key words: translation translation skills reflection contents摘要1abstract21.description of the material for translating41

7、.1 description of english material41.2 description of chinese material42.translation methods and strategies52.1 extension of meaning52.2 amplification52.3 omission62.4 free translation73.reflections on this translation practice74.conclusion81.description of the material for translating1.1 descriptio

8、n of english material transformations in education research structures in the united states and uk over the past decade are examined, and it is argued that these changes are manifeatations of wider forces. rather than internal developments in the field, they are better understood as serving the chan

9、ging interests of the state in era of increasingly globalized capital. the argument that the imposed changes improve the quality of educational research is shown to be inconclusive. it is suggested that these structural transformation can be seen as an attempt to promote market managerialism in educ

10、ational research for political ends.1.2 description of chinese materialeach country has its own unique culture, the essence of cross-border marketing is acts of goods or services which across cultural barriers and sold under heterogeneous cultural environment. compared with the single cultural envir

11、onment of marketing, the cross-cultural marketing is more difficult with higher failure rate. the american magazine e-world has a global consulting on what is the biggest obstacle in the world market to success, as a result, the cultural differences is listed in the laws and regulations, price compe

12、tition, the time difference, foreign exchange, information, language the first of such factors. in many cases, ignoring cultural differences can cause huge losses; and the successful use of the differences will bring huge profits to the enterprise.2.translation methods and strategies2.1 extension of

13、 meaningcg1. e: and before nclb positivism in educational research was losing groundc: 同時nclb實證教育研究是節(jié)節(jié)敗退in which the phrase losing ground which means that the nclb positivism in educational research is not successful, so i cant just translate the literally meaning, here i think its much better to tr

14、anslate the intend meaning as“節(jié)節(jié)敗退”.cg2.c：入門問禁,入國問俗,入境問諱。 e: getting started with knowing prohibition, vulgar, and taboo.here i think this is what the author meant, so i did not translate the literal meanings of 門、國、鏡, but just put out the intended meaning of the author. maybe my translation of this

15、 proverb is not well but i express the basic meaning at least.2.2 amplificationthere are many different on the expression between english and chinese, so in order to make the translation more in line with the expression habit, we most increase some vocabulary. the increase of noun is mainly because

16、of the different syntactic structure between english and chinese, to make up the noun that is omitted after intransitive verb, or to make the translation more clearly. sometimes in order to make the original meaning of the expression is more accurate, we often additionally translate the noun before

17、the adjective, which can make the translation more fluent.cg1.e: it may be hard to recall clearly after the events of the past five or six years, but bush was elected as an 'education president'. c: 也許很難清楚的記得已經(jīng)過去五六年的事情，但是布什總統(tǒng)被譽為“教育總統(tǒng)”這件事是能夠清楚地記得的。here if i just literally translate this sente

18、nce, the translation may be 也許很難清楚的記得已經(jīng)過去五六年的事情，但是布什總統(tǒng)被譽為“教育總統(tǒng)”。, but the meaning of this sentence is not clearly express. so i add the noun events which is omitted after this sentence. then the translation is more fluent.2.3 omissionthe omission is relative to amplification, when expressing meaning

19、 in english, there are many logic program component such as various words, articles, and other connections, while the logic program component is generally omitted in chinese , they customary not be seen in chinese. therefore, all kinds of pronouns, articles and conjunctions, etc. often do not need t

20、o be translated in english- chinese translation. cg1.e: it is important to emphasize that we do not view globalization as a seamless phenomenonits manifestations will vary enormously in form and impact. c: 必須要強調(diào)的是全球化并非是毫無缺陷的，它的影響和沖擊力是多方面的。 here i omitted the subject pronoun it and the personal prono

21、un we in this translation. its obvious that the subject is required in every english sentence but not in chinese sentence.cg2.e: in response to the criticism, and paige's intervention, the department of education undertook to make 'accountability for results the primary operating principle f

22、or all education managers, grantees, and contractors' c: 為了應(yīng)對輿論批評, 在佩姬的干預(yù)下，教育部著手制定“適用于所有教育管理者、受讓人和承包商的結(jié)果負責制”。here i omitted the conjunction and.cg3.e: it may be hard to recall clearly after the events of the past five or six years, but bush was elected as an 'education president'. c: 也許很

23、難清楚的記得已經(jīng)過去五六年的事情，但是布什總統(tǒng)被譽為“教育總統(tǒng)”這件事是能夠清楚地記得的。here i omitted the preposition as.actually, there are articles in english, but chinese do not. so the articles also often be omitted, not translated.2.4 free translationliteral translation is "in full accordance with the original translation", f

24、ree translation is "free translation." when the lexical meaning, syntactic structure, style of the original are roughly coincides with the translation, we usually using the literal translation. when the original cant be literal translated because of the cultural differences between the two

25、 languages, or the literal translation would be misleading, we need to use free translation.cg1.e: before moving into the description of national systems, it is helpful to begin with a brief comment on what we mean by globalization. c: 在描述國家體系之前，有必要對全球化的定義做簡單的評價。here if i do the literal translation,

26、 its will be “在我們進入到國家體系的描述之前，從簡單地評價全球化的定義開始是很有幫助的?！? its obvious that the literal translation like this is not so suitable for the chinese expression habit. but if i do a free translation like its showed above, the translation may be much concise and clear.3. reflections on this translation practic

27、e in the translation process, i learnt a lot of translation skills, such as amplification, repetition, omission, inversion, division, literal translation and free translation etc. of course, i have met a lot of difficulties. the first problem i met is that there are many glossaries in the two materi

28、als, in that case, the translation generally make no sense if i just make a literal translation. so i most pay attention to these glossaries and some words with multi-layered meanings. some dictionary app may help me a lot, and there is a translation assistant of glossary in the china knowledge netw

29、ork which is also extremely useful to me. sometimes literal translation may not so match to the intended meaning of the author.at last, the most gain from this translation practice is that i got a deeper understanding of translation. to reach the goal of translation, it is better to seize the meanin

30、g of the original work, and to seize the essence of the author's thoughts. form does not mean style. if the translator only sticks to the form and put the meanings, thoughts and opinions of the author in the second place, it is hard to imagine how he can present to the readers a piece of qualified or good translation. for example, if the original works is cheerful and humorous, when translating, the translator should be careful and take the characteristics of the target language