2022年2022年高中英語語法定語從句總結(jié)全

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載 . 概念：高中英語定語從句詳解精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載(1) 定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句；定語從句一般緊接在先行詞 antecedent后面；(2) 先行詞： 被定語從句修飾的成份； 先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞, 短語,或整個(gè)主句；(3) 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞；關(guān)系詞的作用：1) 引導(dǎo)定語從句,連接主句和從句,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；2) 必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份（可以做主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語）常用的關(guān)系代詞 :that . which . who .whom .whose、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中

2、做賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可以省略；常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）: when（時(shí)間狀語）.why （緣由狀語）. where（地點(diǎn)狀語）可以修飾人的關(guān)系代詞：that、 who、 whom、 whose可以修飾事的關(guān)系代詞：that、 which、 as、 whose、 the student who answered the question was john. i know the reason why he was so angry.the boy whom you are talking to is my brother.i'd like a room whose window

3、faces the sea.定語從句三步： 第一找出先行詞；其次看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語.賓語.表語或狀語）；第三挑選合適的關(guān)系詞； . 幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： that: 可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語,賓語,表語； 指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于 who 或 whom ；指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于 which 一般不用于非限制性定語從句 ; 不行置于介詞后作賓語 如：1. a letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. 主語2. do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just no

4、w.3. you can take anything that you like.（賓語）4. what is the question that/which they are talking about.5. here is the man who/whom/that you want to see.6. she's no longer the girl that she used to be before. （表語）7. our hometown is no longer the one that it used to be.（ = our hometown is not the

5、same as it used to be.= our hometown is different from what it used to be；= our hometown is not what it used to be.） which: 指物；在定語從句中作主語,賓語；如：1. the book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語）2. the book which/that i bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語） who、 whom、 whose:who:主格、

6、 在從句中作主語,只可指人whom:賓格,在從句中只能作賓語;只可指人whose: 表所屬關(guān)系,在從句中作定語；譯為：某人的,某物的精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載whose + 名詞=the + n. + of which某物的 the + n. + of whom 某人的 i like the students who/that work hard.（主語） the boy that/ who / whom we saw yesterday is tom. i know the girl whose father is a teacher.whose father = the

7、 father of whoma child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. （指人）whose parents = the parents of whomi'd like a room whose window faces south.（指物）whose window =the window of which關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語在定語從句中,介詞提前時(shí),介詞后：表人用whom ；表物用 which關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時(shí)、 介詞可放于從句之首、 也可放于從句之末. 但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置,必需留意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組

8、的含義； 關(guān)系代詞 who和 that用作介詞賓語時(shí) 、 介詞必需放在句末 .）the man whom / who / that my mother is talking with is mr black.= the man with whom my mother is talking is mr black. this is the book for which you asked.=this is the book that/which you asked for.do you know the person with whom i shook hands？= do you know t

9、he person whom/who/that i shook hands with. the library from which we can borrow books is very big.this is the book about which i told you just now. as的用法 :as 引導(dǎo)定語從句 、 在定語從句中作主語.賓語.表語如為限制性的, 多用于 the sameas ; the same as與相同；suchas（如此,這樣） ; as many/much as（和一樣多）；so/asas（與一樣）等結(jié)構(gòu)中；如： i have the same boo

10、k as you have. 我有一本和你的一樣的書；her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. 關(guān)系代詞 as 和指示代詞 same 連用、 在從句中用作表語 、 先行詞為 same.-why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now.- i thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.we willonlydiscuss such problemsa

11、s have somethingtodo withourown interests.don't do such things as you are not sure about.there is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比較： i live in the same house that he used to live in.i'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較： here is so big a stone as no one can lif

12、t.（定語從句）here is so big a stone that no one can lift it. （結(jié)果狀語從句）如為非限制性的, as 仍可以單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句,代替整個(gè)主句,這種定語從句可置于句首,句中或句尾,譯為" 正如,這一點(diǎn) " ；（動(dòng)詞常為know、see、 expect、 point out、 etc. ）as we all know、 smoking is harmful to one's health . as作賓語 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載=as is known to all、 smoking is har

13、mful to one's health .（ as 作主語）眾所周知： as we all know、it s w-eklnl ow to us all that=it's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .=smoking is harmful to one's health 、 as we all know .（ as 作賓語）=smoking、 as we all know、 is harmful to one' health.he was a foreigner、 as

14、i knew from his accent.賓語、 先行詞為前面整個(gè)句子 . 關(guān)系副詞 when、 where、 why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 、它們后面的句子完整,只缺狀語,它們都可以等于介詞+ which 、其中 why只等于for which. when 指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語；其先行詞為表時(shí)間的名詞（如：time、 day、 week、 tear、 month、 etc. ） he came last night when i was out.we will put off the picnic until next week、 when the weather would be

15、better.留意：先行詞為 " 時(shí)間名詞 " ,可用 when 引導(dǎo)定語從句, when 在定語從句中作狀語；仍可以用which 或 that引導(dǎo), which 或 that 在從句中作主語或賓語； 比較:i still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語） i still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作謂語spent 的賓語） next winter which/that you'll spend in

16、harbin、 will be exciting.（賓語）i shall never forget the day when shen zhou was launched. there are occasions when joking is not permissible. where 指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語；其先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,如：place、 school、 factory、 room、 etc. this is the place where i was born.i live in the room where /in which he used to live.留意：

17、先行詞為 " 地點(diǎn)名詞 " ,定語從句可用where 引導(dǎo),仍可用which 或 that引導(dǎo), which/that在從句中作主語或賓語；比較: this is the factory where /in which he worked last year.（作狀語）this is the park which/that they visited last year.（作賓語）· why指緣由,在定語從句中作緣由狀語；先行詞為 reason 時(shí),可用 for which指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時(shí),就用 which 或 that引導(dǎo)；如：the reas

18、on why +定語從句is that +表語從句（的緣由為） the reason why / for which / that he didn't come to school was that he was ill. i don't believe the reason that/which he gave me.（作賓語）he asked me the reason that can explain my success. （作主語）he was late .that's because he got up late. that s because 原+ 因那為

19、由于he got up late. that's why he was late. 表語從句 （ that s why +結(jié)果）那為的緣由the reason why/for which he was late. 定語從句 當(dāng)先行詞為 way 時(shí),定語從句常用that、 in which、 或省略引導(dǎo)詞way 后的定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不用時(shí)較多； 但假如關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語時(shí),精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載就用 which 或 that引導(dǎo)；如 :this is the way that / （in which ）i do such things.比較: please

20、do the experiment in the way（ that/which ）i have shown you. . 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)分：1. 形式上,非限制性定語從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開；2. 語法上,非限制性定語從句一般不用that.3. 語義上,限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密,起限定作用,假如去掉了這個(gè)定語從句,整個(gè)句子就不完整或者會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變意思；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不為很緊密,對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明或描述的作用；this is the book i like best.這就為我最喜愛的那本書；beijing、 （ which has been china'

21、s capital for more than 800 years 、 ） is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京為中國(guó)八百年之久的古都, 它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)；4. 翻譯時(shí), 限制性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為 " 的" 字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句； （見上句翻譯）比較:he has a sister、 who is a musician.he has a sister who is a musician.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞,指人時(shí)用who、whom、whose 、 指物時(shí)用which 、

22、 whose;關(guān)系副詞 when,where、 why、 etc.1. he studied hard at school when he was young、 which leads to his success in his later life. （ which代替整個(gè)前面整個(gè)主句）2. tom's father、 who arrived just now、 is a famous scientist.3. they set up a separate state of their own、 where they would be free to keep negroes as

23、slaves.4. he was proud、 which his brother never was. . 幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較: that & which:在定語從句中, which和 that在指代事物時(shí),一般可以互換使用,但并非在任何情形下都為這樣,這里介紹宜用that、而不宜用 which的情形 .只能用 that 的情形：先行詞為 much、 little、 none、 all、 few、 everything、 anything、 nothing、 theone 等不定代詞或受其修飾時(shí);1.we should do all that is useful to the

24、 people . 2.there's nothing that can be said about it .3.do you mean the one that was bought yesterday.先行詞被 the only、 the very 修飾時(shí) ;1.the only thing that we could do was to wait. 2.that's the very word that is wrongly used.比 較 *this is one of the best novels that were published last year.*th

25、is is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.先行詞為序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)、包括 the last、 the next; 1.when we talk about wuxi、 the first that comes into mind is tai lake. 2.this is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載先行詞為最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);1. this is the

26、 best that can be done now.2. the most importantthingthat should bedone rightnow is how to stop him from going on.先行詞既有人又有物 、只用 that.如：1.the writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . 2.the rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.

27、被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí) .1.yesterday i caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .now you can see the two that are still alive .假如有兩個(gè)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which、另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that ,以防止語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)；edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.主句為以 who 或 which 開頭的疑問句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞宜用that ,以防止重復(fù)；1. whi

28、ch is the book that you like best.2. who is the man that is standing at the gate.主句為 there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞 . 如：1. there is still a seat in the corner that is still free. 先行詞在從句中做表語時(shí)1. he is not the young man that he was 30 years ago.2. my home village is no longer the place that it used

29、to be .定語從句中宜用which而不宜用 that的情形 :當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).1.a zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. 2.is this the room in which mr. white lives.在非限制性定語從句中.1. crusoe's dog、 which was are now very old、 became ill and died .2. more and more people are beginning to learn english、

30、 which is becoming very popular in our country. which指代主句 在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句,其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that、另一個(gè)宜用 which .1. let me show you the novel ,that i borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2. at the station i bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which i could pass on to others when i finished them.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時(shí).1. here's the english grammar which、 as i have told you、 will help improve your english.先行詞本身為that、宜用 which .what's that which she is looking at.先行詞為 those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 .a shop should keep a stock of th