2022年2022年高考英語(yǔ)《中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法全程復(fù)習(xí)》之--代詞

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載一.代詞的定義三.代詞代詞：i hate myself she looks at herself in the mirror精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載為用來(lái)代替名詞或起名詞作用的短語(yǔ)的詞；二.代詞的分類(lèi)按意義.特點(diǎn)及語(yǔ)法功能可分為九類(lèi) ：人稱(chēng)代詞.物主代詞.反身代詞.指示代詞.不定代詞.相互代詞.疑問(wèn)代詞.關(guān)系代詞和連接代詞；the matter speaks for itself（本身就可說(shuō)明問(wèn)題）這種自身代詞也可用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)前面的名詞或代詞：imyself （ =i、and nobody else ）willdo it mary herse

2、lf madethe dress精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載人主賓數(shù)稱(chēng)格格形容名詞詞性性物物主主代代詞詞反身代詞confuciushimself （ =even confucius）was not without faultsi have never seen my father himself精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載單imemyminemyself一ourselve復(fù)weusourourss單youyouyouryoursyourself二復(fù)youyouyouryoursyourselves單hehimhishishimself單sheherherhe

3、rsherself三單itititsitsitself代詞的用法1人稱(chēng)代詞人稱(chēng)代詞指“我” “你”“他”等詞,有人稱(chēng).數(shù).格.性的變化：1) 人稱(chēng)代詞的主格在句中作主語(yǔ),賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)；在正式場(chǎng)合中,作表語(yǔ)的代詞通常采納主格形式,但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,特殊在口語(yǔ)中,也可用賓格形式；ihave an englishbook.sheisin dalian.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載the復(fù)ythe mthei rtheir sthemselv esithas two legs.hegave me three books.if i were her、 i would take the

4、 advice.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載每個(gè)人稱(chēng)代詞,不管為單數(shù)仍為復(fù)數(shù),都有5種形式：1）作主語(yǔ),要用主格形式：isaw her she saw me itastonishedthem 2）作賓語(yǔ),要用賓格形式：she saw me i saw herthey looked at it3）表示全部,要用形容詞性物主代詞： this is my house mary brought herumbrellathe dog wagged its tail在這種代詞后可加own 來(lái)加以強(qiáng)調(diào),表示某人自己的,而非任何別人的；this is my own（ =my, and not

5、 any other's）house mary brought her own umbrella4）假如形容詞性物主代詞所修飾的名詞剛剛提到過(guò),可以用其名詞性物主代詞,以防止重復(fù)前面的名詞, 它的意思等于 “形容詞性物主代詞+前面剛提過(guò)的名詞” ：that ismary'shouse、and thisismine （ =my house ）i leftmyumbrellaat home, but mary broughthers （ herumbrella） with her5）假如賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)表示同一人或物,就要用反身who is it. it's me.在復(fù)合句中,如

6、主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同,從句的主語(yǔ)一般用代詞,主句的主語(yǔ)用名詞； when he arrived、 john went straight to the bank.約翰一到就直接去銀行了；電話用語(yǔ)中常用主格作表語(yǔ)；-i wish to speak to mary.我想和瑪麗通話；-this is shespeaking我就為瑪麗；人稱(chēng)代詞作同位語(yǔ)時(shí),要依據(jù)所同位的名詞詞組在句中的成分挑選主格或賓格；we、 tom and i、 prepared a meal for her.留意在強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中, 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)用主格,強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)用賓格,如：it was he that / who did it.it is

7、her that we are talking about.2) 在 think.to be、 suppose.to be、 lookupon.as.等后也多用賓格；人稱(chēng)代詞單獨(dú)使用時(shí),一般用賓格：people supposed the best singer to be him.人們認(rèn)為最好的歌手為他；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載he looked upon me as her.他把我當(dāng)成了她；who'sstandingthere.me.誰(shuí)在那邊站著？我；3) she和 he 可用于擬人,she 可指月亮.土地.國(guó)家.船只.黨派.貓.鳥(niǎo)等優(yōu)美.可愛(ài)的東西,he 可指

8、雄性動(dòng)物或強(qiáng)壯兇殘的動(dòng)物,如：themoon has risen.she isround and bright.月亮升起了,她又圓又亮；givethe cat some meat. maybe she ishungry.the dog waved his tail when he saw his master.4) 在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中,than和 as 后的人稱(chēng)代詞的主格和賓格在不引起歧義時(shí),主格可用賓格替換（特殊為口語(yǔ)中） ；如：he is older than i / me.他比我年齡大；he is as old as i / me.他和我一樣大； hiswifelikesthe dog b

9、etterthan he likes it.他妻子比他更愛(ài)狗；his wife likes the dog better than she likes him.他妻子愛(ài)狗賽過(guò)愛(ài)他；5) 人稱(chēng)代詞的排序：幾個(gè)人稱(chēng)代詞同時(shí)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),排列次序通常為：1) 單數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞并列：按“二三一”人稱(chēng)次序排列,敬重對(duì)方與第三方,自己謙讓放在后；you and i were fated to meet你我注定要相遇；he and i decided to have the expenses on our trip.我和他打算均攤旅行費(fèi)用；i didn't know you and she were

10、on such intimate terms.我不知道你和她關(guān)系這么親密；you、 she and i should work together and play together.我.你和她應(yīng)當(dāng)一起工作.一起玩；三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)兩性并用,常遵循先男后女的規(guī)律；he and she are classmates.他和她為同班同學(xué)；2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞并列:按“一二三”人稱(chēng)次序排列；we and you both have a long way to go.我們和你們都有很長(zhǎng)一段路要走；you and they must undertake the responsibility.你們和他們都得承擔(dān)責(zé)任；

11、we、 you and they are all chinese.我們.你們.他們都為中國(guó)人；3) 但上司或長(zhǎng)者對(duì)下屬說(shuō)話按“一二”人稱(chēng)排列（以示位置.尊嚴(yán)） ；承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤.承擔(dān)責(zé)任或檢討工作失誤等時(shí)用“一三二”人稱(chēng)排列（以示主動(dòng) 承擔(dān)責(zé)任）；iand you trytofinishit.我和你去弄好它；it was i and peter that made the teacher angry.為我和彼得惹老師憤怒了；we and the children broke the vase.我們和孩子們把花瓶打碎了；i、 he and you will be punished by the tea

12、cher.4) 有不定代詞時(shí)為“人稱(chēng)代詞+不定代詞” 、 如：i and one or two others visited the great wall. 代詞的活用代詞有時(shí)可當(dāng)名詞用,使句子不僅簡(jiǎn)潔而且更形象；is the new baby a he or she.新生兒為男的仍為女的？inoticedthat , as usual , therewere more shes than hes in this room我留意到,這屋 子里同平常一樣,女人多于男人；thatmeyou saw isinfactsomebody else.你所看到的那個(gè)我實(shí)際上為別人；butsillywe,li

13、kefoolishchildren,rest wellpleasedwithcolouredvellum , leavesofgold.只有愚蠢的我們,猶如愚蠢的孩子那樣,才陶醉于彩色仿羊皮紙和金箔之中；the person she loves is the other him.她愛(ài)的為另一個(gè)他；2. 物主代詞物主代詞為用來(lái)表示全部關(guān)系的；物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種；形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,僅在名詞前作定語(yǔ)；名詞性物主代詞功能相當(dāng)于名詞（等于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,防止了名詞的重復(fù)） ,可作主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)； 名詞性物主代詞為在形容 詞性物主代詞基礎(chǔ)上變的,規(guī)律

14、為無(wú)s 結(jié)尾的加 s,有 s 結(jié)尾的不變,只有mine 特殊 ；例如：(1) this is my school.（作定語(yǔ)）這為我的學(xué)校；(2) her name is kate.（作定語(yǔ)）她的名字叫精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載kate.(3) thisisn'tmy shirt.mine isover there. 名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ) 這不為我的襯衫,我的在那邊；(4) those new books are not yours、 but theirs.（作表語(yǔ)） 那些新書(shū)不為你們的,而為他們的；(5) she's an old friend of min

15、e.（作介賓）她為我的老伴侶；(6) my bike is broken. may i use yours.（作賓語(yǔ)）我的自行車(chē)壞了,可以用你的嗎？ 留意1） its與 it's的區(qū)分：這兩個(gè)詞讀音相同,但its為形容詞性和名詞性的物主代詞,而it's為it is或 it has的縮寫(xiě)；it's a room.這為一個(gè)房間；its room它的房間it's rained all morning.雨下了一上午； 2）“ 形容詞性物主代詞+ own +名詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)表強(qiáng)調(diào),另外仍可以在own 前加 very 表示進(jìn)一步的強(qiáng)調(diào),如：it's nice if a

16、man can have his own plane.一個(gè)人要為能擁有自己的飛機(jī)就好了；i want to have my very own computer.我想擁有完全屬于我自己的運(yùn)算機(jī)；3）“ a（ an, some, any） +名詞 + of one's own”該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某人自己的” 名詞前仍可用this、that、 these、 four、 those、 several、 another、 no、 which等修飾,但不能用the ； 如： a car of my own我自己的汽車(chē) students need those stories of their own.同學(xué)

17、們需要哪些他們自己的小說(shuō)；4）介詞 +the+ 身體部位詞；這里的定冠詞不能用形容詞性物主代詞（參見(jiàn)冠詞部分）；如：the teacher caught him by the arm.老師抓住了他的胳膊；i patted him on the shoulder.我拍了拍他的肩膀；he looked me in the face.他正視著我； he pulled me by the sleeve.他楸住了我的衣袖；5）在短語(yǔ)中, 常用 one's代表形容詞性物主代詞；to one's joy、 lose one's way、 earn one'sliving、tr

18、yone'sbest、takeone'stime、make up one's mind等； 6）書(shū)信的結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)中常用到名詞性物主代詞yours結(jié)尾,指寫(xiě)信人的謙稱(chēng),相當(dāng)于中文書(shū)信信末的“ xxx 敬上”；結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)一般從正文下方2 到3 行從中間偏右處開(kāi)頭書(shū)寫(xiě)；結(jié)尾語(yǔ)措辭的變化依據(jù)情形而定,常有以下幾種：寫(xiě)給單位或不相識(shí)的人的信和貿(mào)易關(guān)系信件常用 yours truly,trulyyours、yours sincerely,sincerelyyours ,yours faithfully,faithfullyyours 等；寫(xiě)給尊長(zhǎng). 上司的信常用yours respec

19、tfully、 respectfully yours、 yours gratefully、gratefully yours、 yours appreciatively、appreciatively yours等；寫(xiě)給熟人或伴侶的信常用 yours、 yours ever , ever yours ,yours cordially ,cordially yours , yours devotedly , devotedly yours 等 ；寫(xiě)給親戚或密友的信可用yours、 yours ever、 ever yours、 yours affectionately、affectionately

20、yours、 lovely yours、 yourslovely等；3. 反身代詞反身代詞又叫自身代詞；有些動(dòng)詞需要用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ), 表示主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)為同一人或一些人；反身代詞在句中可作主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).表語(yǔ).同位語(yǔ),以及用在習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中,如：her father and herself will tell you thesecret.作主語(yǔ)；he is teaching himself english.作賓語(yǔ)；the manadmittedthatthe thiefwas himself.作表語(yǔ)；she is old enough to look after herself.作介賓；the pres

21、ident himself will attend themeeting.作同位語(yǔ)；you'd better ask the student himself.作同位語(yǔ)；帶有反身代詞的慣用語(yǔ)say to oneself心里想by oneself親自（獨(dú)自地）talk to oneself自言自語(yǔ)tooneself暗自make oneself at home像在家一樣別客氣of oneself f自動(dòng)地inoneself本質(zhì)上amuse oneself自?shī)蔯alloneself自稱(chēng)為devote oneself to致力于teachoneself自學(xué)for oneself為自己dress

22、oneself自己穿精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載find oneself in不知不覺(jué)處于excuseoneself自我辯解enjoy oneself過(guò)得開(kāi)心lose oneself迷路help yourself to請(qǐng)吃；自取buyoneself自己買(mǎi)absent oneself from缺席devote oneself to用心于；獻(xiàn)身于engage oneself in忙于find oneself發(fā)覺(jué)自己不知不覺(jué)occupy oneself in忙于behave oneself規(guī)法規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得有禮貌congratulate oneself慶幸自己dress onesel

23、f（in）自己穿（） express oneself表達(dá)自己的意思help oneself to任憑吃make oneself understood使別人懂得seatoneself坐留意下面介詞與反身代詞的搭配：above oneself趾高氣揚(yáng)；自高自大byoneself獨(dú)自地beside oneself（心情上）失去自制力inoneself本身of oneself自動(dòng)地come to oneself清醒a(bǔ)mong ourselves我們之間betweenourselves隱秘地；私下地in spite of oneself情不自禁地在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情形下,but、 except、 for等介詞后

24、賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格均可；no one but myself（ me） is hurt.除了我以外沒(méi)有人受傷；留意反身代詞放在連系動(dòng)詞后可以表達(dá)“處于正常狀態(tài)”的含義：i'm not myself today.我今日不舒適；反身代詞作同位語(yǔ),以加強(qiáng)名詞或代詞的語(yǔ)氣,一般表示“親自；本身”；反身代詞通常不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ),但在非正式語(yǔ) 體中,在and,or ,nor 連接的并列主語(yǔ)中,其次或第三主語(yǔ)可用反身代詞,特殊為myself.mycolleagueor myselfwillattendtothe work.我的同事或者我自己會(huì)關(guān)注這項(xiàng)工作；neitherfred nor you

25、rselfhad anythingto do with it.弗瑞德和你自己都與此事無(wú)關(guān)；jim's elder brother and himself go toschool at 7:00 every day.jim 的哥哥和 jim 自己每天7:00 上學(xué)；祈使句中其次人稱(chēng)作賓語(yǔ),通常要用反身代詞；don't trouble yourself about that.你不要為這費(fèi)事了；4. 指示代詞表示“這個(gè)” .“那個(gè)”.“這些”.“那些”等意思的代詞叫指示代詞, 這類(lèi)詞有this （這個(gè)）,that（那個(gè)）, these 這些）, those（那些）；1） this、

26、that、 these、 those的用法 this和 these 一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物 that和 those 一般指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事 物,如：this is a book and that is a car.（指空間）這為一本書(shū),那為一輛小汽車(chē)；i have been busy this morning.（指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間）今日上午我始終忙著；i was busy that morning.（指過(guò)去時(shí)間）那天上午我很忙； this和 these 常指后面將要講到的事物,that和 those 多指前面講過(guò)的事物,如：i shall say this to you: he is a p

27、oor man.我將對(duì)你說(shuō)這一點(diǎn)：他為一個(gè)可憐的人；he was ill. that's why he didn't come.他病了,那就為他沒(méi)來(lái)的緣由；在打電話時(shí),this表示自己一方, that表示電話另一方：a： hello. this is mike. who's that.喂！我為mike. 你為哪位？b: hello. this is john.喂！我為john. that和 those 可代替前面提到的名詞,以防止重復(fù) 、 如：thestoryismore interestingthanthatyou read a few days ago.這部小說(shuō)比你

28、前幾天讀的那部小說(shuō)更好玩；the computers made in china are as good as those made in the usa.中國(guó)產(chǎn)的運(yùn)算機(jī)同美國(guó)產(chǎn)的運(yùn)算機(jī)一樣好；留意 that和 those 與 one 和 ones 代替名詞時(shí)的區(qū)分that表特指,代替帶定冠詞或限定詞的單數(shù)可 數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)名詞; one 表泛指, 代替帶有不定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,不能代替不行數(shù)名詞; theone 指代同類(lèi)事物中特定的某一個(gè), 前面有復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),可用 one 代替該復(fù)數(shù)名詞中的一個(gè)； one 或 ones 可代替帶形容詞的可數(shù)名詞,如：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡

29、迎下載my watch doesn't work. i want to buy a new one.我的手表壞了,我想買(mǎi)一塊新的；（ one 代替 awatchthe weather in harbin is colder than that in dalian in winter.冬季哈爾濱的天氣要比大連冷； that指代不可數(shù)名詞the weather）thestoryhe toldisdifferentfrom theone you told.他講的故事與你講的不同； the one指代 thestorythere are many new bikes in the shop.

30、he wants to buy one.商店里有很多新自行車(chē),他想買(mǎi)一輛；one指代 bikes中的一輛 this和 that仍可作副詞用, 表示程度, 相當(dāng)于so；i can't speak this well.我說(shuō)不這么好；sometimesitwas a bitboringto work here because there wasn't always that much to do.有時(shí)在這里工作有點(diǎn)沒(méi)意思,由于總為沒(méi)有那么多工作要做； that和 those可作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞；在作先行詞時(shí),只有those 可指人；he admired that which look

31、ed beautiful.他觀賞外表美麗的東西；those who were present were given a present.凡為出席的人都得到了一份禮物；指示代詞可用于一些慣用法中；this spring今年春天for this once就這一次and all that等等in this case既然這樣thatmorning 那天早晨tothis day 直到今日bythismeans用這種方法thatis也就為in those years那些年里that's that.就這樣打算了；that is to say那就為說(shuō)for allthis（ that ）盡管如此wit

32、h this（ that ）緊接著；立即5. 相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞,有each other和 one another兩組, each other多指兩者, one another用于兩者以上的人或物之間,這種區(qū)分在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中已不明顯；相互代詞一般在句中作賓語(yǔ),用其全部格形式each other's或one another's作定語(yǔ),如：we are all chinese. we should help one another.（作賓語(yǔ)）我們都為中國(guó)人,我們應(yīng)相互幫忙；bill and tom are good friends. they oftenhelp

33、each other in their studies. bill和tom為好伴侶,他們常常在學(xué)習(xí)上相互幫忙；thestudentspointedouteach other'sweak points.（作定語(yǔ)）同學(xué)們相互指出弱點(diǎn)；6. 疑問(wèn)代詞主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句,一般放在句首,在句中充當(dāng)肯定的成分,共有五個(gè)： who、whom、whose、what 和 which ；1 who 和 whom的用法who為主格, 作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ), 口語(yǔ)中也可作賓語(yǔ)；whom為賓格, 作賓語(yǔ)；提問(wèn)時(shí),將 whom置于句首為正式用法,但現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)以who 開(kāi)頭較普遍； whom/who did you se

34、e ？你看到了誰(shuí)？whom作介詞的賓語(yǔ),提問(wèn)時(shí),正式文體為以 “介詞 +whom”開(kāi)頭,一般用法為以who 開(kāi)頭,而將介詞置于句末,但表達(dá)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的by whom 不宜拆開(kāi)；如：whowent tothegreatwallyesterday.（作主語(yǔ)）昨天誰(shuí)去長(zhǎng)城了？who is the girl.（作表語(yǔ)）這個(gè)女孩為誰(shuí)？ whom will you meet this afternoon.（作賓語(yǔ)）今日下午你要去接誰(shuí)？whom/who did you give it to.（作介賓）你把它給誰(shuí)了？by whom was the window broken？（作介賓）窗戶(hù)為被誰(shuí)打破的？2） w

35、hose 的 用 法whose為全部格, 和物主代詞一樣, 可分成形容詞性的和名詞性的；為形容詞性時(shí),放在名詞前作定語(yǔ),為名詞性時(shí)就單獨(dú)使用,在句中作主語(yǔ).表語(yǔ)等；如：whose umbrella is this.（作定語(yǔ)）這為誰(shuí)的傘？whose is this bike.（作表語(yǔ)）這輛自行車(chē)為誰(shuí)的？3） what 的用法精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載可用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)姓名.職業(yè).年齡.時(shí)間.尺寸大小.日期.天氣.溫度.顏色.價(jià)格.人物外貌及動(dòng)作的對(duì)象.目的等,可作主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)；1) what單獨(dú)使用,構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句；what's your name.你叫什么名字？w

36、hat are those in english.那些用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)？what's four and five.四加五等于幾？ what's on the wall墻上有什么？ what's your age.你多大了？what's the time.現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)鐘？what's the date today.今日幾號(hào)？ what is your father.你父親為干什么的？ what's the price of these apples.這些蘋(píng)果多少錢(qián)？what makes that noise.什么發(fā)出的噪音？what else did th

37、ey say.他們?nèi)哉f(shuō)了些什么？what did he die of.他死于什么??？ whatcan i do foryou. 我能為你做些什么？ what happened after that.那件事后發(fā)生了什么？2) what放在名詞前,構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句； what class are you in.你在哪個(gè)班？ what grade are you in.你在幾年級(jí)？what number is your cell phone.你的手機(jī)號(hào)碼為多少？what time is it by your watch.你的表幾點(diǎn)了？what colour is your computer.你的電腦為

38、什么顏色？what day is it today.今日星期幾？ what size do you want.你要多大尺寸的？ what sport do you like best.你最喜愛(ài)什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？what tree is the one in full blossom.開(kāi)滿(mǎn)花的那棵樹(shù)叫什么樹(shù)？what country do you come from.你為哪國(guó)人？ what與 how 用于有關(guān)度量等的提問(wèn)中的區(qū)分：what主要與名詞age、 size、 depth、 height、 length、 width等連用,口語(yǔ)中“how + old/big/deep/high/tall/lon

39、g/wide”更為普遍：what age areyou. = what isyourage. = how old are you.what height is he. = what is his height. = how tall is he.what size is it. = what is the size of it.= how big is it. what 構(gòu)成一些句型或結(jié)構(gòu)：詢(xún)問(wèn)“某人或某物怎樣”用what about.？提出委婉建議時(shí)也可用what/how about.詢(xún)問(wèn)某人怎么了或某物有何毛病時(shí),用what's wrong/the matter with.詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)某

40、物的看法時(shí),用what.think of.？意為“ .認(rèn)為 .怎么樣？”what do you think of china.你認(rèn)為中國(guó)怎么樣？詢(xún)問(wèn)外表如何,用whatlook like.-what does she look like？她長(zhǎng)什么樣？-she looks like her mother, tall and graceful, like a film star.她長(zhǎng)得像她的母親,個(gè)子高高的,而且舉止文靜,看上去像個(gè)電影明星；詢(xún)問(wèn)氣候等情形時(shí),用what is/was/.like.what was the weather like.天氣怎么樣？詢(xún)問(wèn)做某事的目的時(shí),用what.for

41、.what did you do that for.你為什么做那件事？表示“假如怎么辦”用what if. what if we should fail again.假設(shè)我們?cè)偈?那該怎么辦？作插人語(yǔ)的what'smore,表示“而且”；what's worse 表示“更糟糕的為”she learns quickly,and what's more, sheremembers what she has learnt.她學(xué)得很快,而且所學(xué)的全都記得；表示“等等” ,用 and what not；in her handbag i found a mirror、 a lip

42、stick、 napkins、 and what not.我在她的包里找到鏡子.口紅.紙巾等東西；用 what is called表示“所謂的” ；this is what is called gulf war syndrome.這就為所謂的海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)綜合癥；用在一些常用的口語(yǔ)中；so what.那又怎么樣？what's up.怎么回事？what next.仍有什么？ or what.仍為別的什么？what if.如.,那又會(huì)咋樣？4） which 的用法which提出兩種或兩種以上可供挑選的人或物,在句中作主語(yǔ).定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),如：which is better、 the red one

43、or the green one？（作主語(yǔ)）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載哪個(gè)更好,紅的仍為綠的？which book is more interesting.（作定語(yǔ)）哪本書(shū)更好玩？which will you choose.（作賓語(yǔ)）你挑選哪一個(gè)？ 1which、 what的區(qū)分 1 二者均可與名詞連用,但二者有所不同；當(dāng)挑選余地不大時(shí), 一般用 which ,當(dāng)挑選余地較大而究竟有多少種可能性仍不清晰時(shí),常用 what；如： whichpatentismore importantinthe first year of life.（挑選余地不大）what colour ar

44、e the flowers.（挑選余地較大）假如與指人的名詞連用,即使挑選余地較大, 有時(shí)我們也寧愿用which、 如：which writers do you like.你喜愛(ài)哪些作家？ 2 二者作代詞時(shí)區(qū)分同上；如：which would you like - banana or apple. what would you like to eat. 3 只有 which 后才能跟of短語(yǔ),如：which of you wants to stay home.你們中誰(shuí)想呆在家里？2） who、 what、which后加上后綴 -ever、構(gòu)成其強(qiáng)調(diào)形式；whoever wants the bo

45、ok may have it.無(wú)論為誰(shuí)想要這書(shū)都可以擁有它；whatever i have is yours.我全部的一切都為你的；take whichever you wish.任憑拿哪一個(gè)都行；7不定代詞用來(lái)修飾或代替不定數(shù)字或不定范疇的人或事物詞叫不定代詞；不定代詞出名詞性和形容詞性之分,并有可數(shù)與不行數(shù)的區(qū)分,常見(jiàn)的不定代詞有 all、 both、 each、 either、 neither、alittle、 a few、 much、 many、 another、other、 some、 any、 such、 the same、 one等,以及 由 some-、 no-、 any- 與

46、 thing、 body、 one 合 成的復(fù)合不定代詞 something、 anything、everything、 nothing、 somebody、 anybody、 nobody、 someone、 anyone、 everyone、 none、 noone 等；現(xiàn)將不定代詞的用法分述如下：1) one的用法one泛指任何人或物,可以在形容詞和that ,this等詞后代替剛提過(guò)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,在句中作主語(yǔ).表語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).同位語(yǔ)等；其全部格形式為 one's ,反身代詞為oneself,復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones.泛指人one should be strict with onesel

47、f.（作主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)）人應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格要求自己；表示“一個(gè)人或物”chineseisone ofthe most usefullanguages in the world.（作表語(yǔ)）漢語(yǔ)為世界上最有用的語(yǔ)言之一；代替上文已顯現(xiàn)過(guò)的可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于a+該可數(shù)名詞i'velostmy pen.iwant tobuy a new one.（作賓語(yǔ)）我的鋼筆丟了,我想買(mǎi)一支新的；作同位語(yǔ)that is the child、 the one that you referred to just now.那就為你剛才提到的那個(gè)小孩； one 和 it的區(qū)分one 和 ones 為泛指,表示同類(lèi)中的任何一個(gè)或

48、幾個(gè), it為特指, 指代上文顯現(xiàn)過(guò)的某一物,如：this book is a good one. may i borrow it.（ it代 this book, one 代替 book）這本書(shū)為一本好書(shū),我可以借嗎？ the one和 the ones表示特定的人或物,如： nofilmisas good as the one i saw lastweek. 我上周看的電影最好；studentswho do wellin examinationsare the ones who ask questions in class.考試成果好的都為上課愛(ài)提問(wèn)的同學(xué)； one 前可以有形容詞修飾,這

49、時(shí)它需帶冠詞或受形容詞性物主代詞修飾,如：ihave two balls.the old one ison the floor. the new one is in my hand.我有兩個(gè)球,舊的在地板上,新的在我手里；he bought a new pen yesterday. his old one is broken.昨天他買(mǎi)了一支新鋼筆,他那支舊的壞了； one 可用 this、 that、 any、 some、 each、 the next、 every、 which等修飾,如：hereare two umbrellas、which one isyours. this one or

50、 that one.這兒有兩把傘,哪一把為你的？這把仍為那把？ one 或 ones 帶后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),前面要加定冠詞, 如：is this the one you want.這為你想要的那個(gè)嗎？2) some 和 any 的用法精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載 some和 any 均表示一些, 既修飾可數(shù)名詞, 也可修飾不行數(shù)名詞； some 一般用于確定句中, any 多用于疑問(wèn)句.否定句和條件句中, some和 any 可用作代詞 （作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)） ,也可用作形容詞 （作定語(yǔ)）,如：some of the students will go to qing dao tomorro

51、w.（作主語(yǔ)）明天有些同學(xué)將去青島；isthereany left？（作主語(yǔ)） 仍有剩下的嗎？ifyou have food、pleasetakesome withyou.（作賓語(yǔ)）假如你有食物,請(qǐng)帶一些；there isn't any time left.（作定語(yǔ)）沒(méi)有時(shí)間了； some 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前=a certain,表示 “某一（個(gè)） ”,如：i've read the story in some book.我在某書(shū)中讀過(guò)這個(gè)故事；some girl is waiting for you at the school gate.有個(gè)女孩在校門(mén)口等你； some 與數(shù)

52、字連用,意為“大致”,“大約”如：the country has exported some two million bikes this year.這個(gè)國(guó)家今年已出口了大約二百萬(wàn)輛自行車(chē)； some 用于疑問(wèn)句,表說(shuō)話人期望得到確定的回答,或表示懇求.建議.邀請(qǐng)等；如：may i have some water.（懇求,期望賜予確定回答）我可以喝些水嗎？would you like some apples？（邀請(qǐng)）想吃些蘋(píng)果嗎？ any 可用于確定句,表“任何的”,修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如：you may choose any student.你可以挑選任何同學(xué)；可用作狀語(yǔ),表程度,如：i ca

53、n't stay here any longer.我不能再呆在這兒了；doyou feelany betternow. 感覺(jué)好些了嗎？3) each和 every的用法 each “每個(gè),各,各自的”強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ). 主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)、every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體, “每個(gè)都”,在句中只能做定語(yǔ),如：each room can seat at least fifty people.（作定語(yǔ)）每個(gè)房間至少能坐50 人；every one has strong and weak points.（作定語(yǔ)）每個(gè)人都有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)；each of the students will get a ne

54、w book.（作主語(yǔ)）每個(gè)同學(xué)將得到一本新書(shū)；each child will find his own personal road to success.（作定語(yǔ)） 每個(gè)孩子將會(huì)找到他個(gè)人的勝利之路；the headmaster shook hands with each of usin turn after the game.（作賓語(yǔ)）競(jìng)賽后,校長(zhǎng)同我們每個(gè)人一一握手；we each have our own attitude to teaching students. 作同位語(yǔ) 在教同學(xué)問(wèn)題上, 我們每個(gè)人有各自的看法； each 指兩者或兩者以上的人或事物中的每一個(gè),every 指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一