高中主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

1、主謂一致主謂一致指人稱和數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系。主謂一致可分為:語法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致。一、語法一致原則：即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)。以下為注意事項： 1. 單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有 with, along with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, accompanied by, no less than, rather than, including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語, 謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。如：Air as well as water is

2、matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì)。No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了兩個仆人外, 沒有一個人遲來用 餐。2. 用 and 連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語動詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù) 數(shù). 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)用 and 連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), kn

3、ife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。3. 不定式(短語), 動名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Serving the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我們什么時候出去郊游已決定了。what 從句作主語時的主謂一致what 引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果其后是系 表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式如。：What she said is correct她說的是正確的。What

4、he gave me are five English books他給我的是 5 本英語書。What he needs is money他需要的是錢。若用 and 連接兩個動名詞、不定式短語或主語從句，表示兩個不同的概念，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形 式。若表示同一概念，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit早起早睡是個好習(xí)慣。When and where the building will be built hasnt been decided何時何地建大樓還未定下來。Making mistakes and learnin

5、g to correct them are a part of life犯錯誤和學(xué)會改正錯誤是生活的一部分。What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program你 所吃的與你鍛煉的量對你的減肥計劃都是重要的因素。4. 連接的并列主語被 each, every, no 或 many a 修飾時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每個男孩和每個女孩都喜歡去游泳.No teacher and no stud

6、ent was absent from the meeting. 沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每個男人和每個女人都被請去幫忙。5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Each of us has something to say. 我們每個人都有話要說。We each have something to say.6. 若主語中有 more than one 或 many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。 但 more+

7、復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one 做主語時, 謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.More than one student was late. 不只一個學(xué)生遲到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一個人來幫助我們。7. none 做主語時 , 謂語動詞可用單數(shù) , 也可用復(fù)數(shù) ; 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù) ,因 而謂語動詞要用單數(shù). 但是當(dāng) eitherneither of.構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù) 形式(在口語中也可視為復(fù)數(shù))如：None of

8、 us are (is) perfect. 人無完人。None of the money was paid to me.Either of the girls is Anns sister那兩個女孩中有一個是安的姐姐。Neither of them is going to give up the chance他們兩個都不打算放棄那個機(jī)會。8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時, 謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù).如:His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , 謂語一般用單數(shù).如:A pai

9、r of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news ; 以 ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics; 國名如: the United States; 報紙名如: the New Times; 書名如: Arabian Night <天方夜談> 以 及 The United Nations<聯(lián)合國> 等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。10. “a +名詞+and a half ”, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等

10、作主語時, 謂語動詞要用單數(shù). 如：Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個地點(diǎn)。二、內(nèi)容一致原則：1.主語中有 all, half, most, the rest 等, 以及“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞。如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車，今天出售。60%of the apple

11、 was eaten by little boy. 這個蘋果的 60%都被這個小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語時, 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù)。如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。A par

12、t of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 這個蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。3. 加減乘除用單數(shù)。如：Fifteen minus five is ten . 15 減去 5 等于 10。4. 表示時間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語時, 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個單一的概念時, 其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5. 集合名詞的主謂一致1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞。包括 police , people, cattle, folk, poultry( 家禽）等, 這些集體名詞

13、通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如:The British police have only very limited powers.2) 表示類別總稱的集合名詞通常作不可數(shù)名詞。包括 equipment, furniture, clothing（衣服）, luggage，jewelry, machinery (機(jī)械） 等.3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞。包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等。如：The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.

14、 委員會決定解雇他。6. the +形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語時, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The injured were saved after the fire.當(dāng)某些形容詞同定冠詞連用表示某類事物或表示某一類抽象概念作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形 式The beautiful lives forever美是永存的。The old gives place to the new新陳代謝。7. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞與謂語動詞的一致單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語，要根據(jù)上下文的意義以及修飾這些詞的詞來確定其謂語形式。常見 的這部分名詞有 aircraft，crossroads，deer，fi

15、sh，headquarters，series，sheep，species， works（工廠）等。如：The crossroads isare dangerous這個(些)十字路口很危險。Every means has been tried各種方法都試過了。All possible means have been tried所有可能的方法都試過了。A steel works has just been built there那兒剛建了一座鋼廠。Lots of aircraft were sent there很多飛機(jī)被派往那兒。注意 fishes 表示“各種各樣的魚”。名詞 clothes，wo

16、rks(作“著作”講)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的謂語動詞律律用 復(fù)數(shù)。如：Clothes keep people warm衣服使人保暖。His works have been translated into several foreign languages他的著作已經(jīng)被翻譯成了好幾種外語。若表示“一套衣服”，可用 a suit of clothes。clothes 不可與不定冠詞 a 或數(shù)詞連用。 若表示“一部作品”用 a work，“兩部作品”用 two works。三、就近原則1. 由 here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, (

17、有時主語不止一個時)謂語動詞與靠近它的主語 在數(shù)上一致。如: Here comes the bus 公共汽車來了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。2. 用連詞 or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等連接的并列主語, 謂語 動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事. He or you have taken my p

18、en. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。3主語由肯定否定兩部分構(gòu)成時，謂語與肯定的一致。如：Not you but I am to answer for itI，not you，am to answer for it對此負(fù)責(zé)的是我而不是你4表示數(shù)量的“one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，其謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如：One and a half bananas is left on the table桌子上還剩有一個半香蕉。One and a half hours is enough一個半小時足夠了。注意：one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中, 定語從句的動詞為

19、復(fù)數(shù)。如： Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。The only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that./which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的動詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。 Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 瑪麗是唯一一個飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。1“aan+單數(shù)名詞+or two”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：A student or two has failed the exam一兩個學(xué)生考試不及格。“one or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

20、One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon昨天下午有一兩個學(xué)生在植樹。2在“It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+thatwho.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，be 用單數(shù)形式 is 或 was，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主 語，thatwho 后的謂語與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。如：It is I who am a student我是學(xué)生。It is they who have worked there for five years是他們在那兒工作了 5 年。3“the majority of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語。the majority 單獨(dú)作

21、主語時，謂語既 可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The majority of boys like football大多數(shù)男孩喜愛足球。The majority waswere in favour of banning smoking大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio多數(shù)人喜歡電視勝過廣播。4“an average of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語與復(fù)數(shù)動詞連用，意思是“平均有”；“the average of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語與單數(shù)動詞連用，意思是“的平均數(shù)”。如：An average of 3，000 people co

22、me to visit this famous school every year每年平均有三千人來這所名校參觀。The average of 14，3 and 1 is 614，3 和 1 的平均數(shù)是 6。5“a total of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語與復(fù)數(shù)動詞連用，意思是“總共有”；“the total of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語與單數(shù)動詞連用，意思是“的總數(shù)”。如：A total of 300 letters were received last month 上個月總共收到了三百封信。The total of letters received last month was 300上個月收到的信

23、總數(shù)是三百封。6當(dāng) man(人類)，the world(世界上的人，人類)作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。如：Only man knows how to cook只有人類懂得烹飪。Only man is capable of speech+只有人類才具有說話的能力。All the world knows that the earth is round世界上的人都知道地球是圓的。7. population 表示“人口”，即一個國家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目，它作主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形 式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時，population 是指一個國家或地區(qū)的全體居民，它作主語時，謂 語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但

24、當(dāng)后面出現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)名詞與其呼應(yīng)時，謂語動詞最好用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：The population of Canada is about 29 million 加拿大的人口約為 2 900 萬。Just under a third of the population now smokessmoke in this country在這個國家目前吸煙人數(shù)不到總?cè)丝诘娜种?。About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants 這個國家大約 百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。8由“a kind of，this kind of，many

25、kinds of”和“名詞+of this kind”等，以及由與kind 意義相似的 type，sort，form，part，piece，section 等構(gòu)成的類似短語作主語時，謂語動詞與 of 前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如：A kind of birds has been discovered by them他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種鳥。A part of the book is not interesting這本書里有一部分內(nèi)容沒趣。Parts of the book are very instructive 這本書有幾部分內(nèi)容很有教育意義。These are two different forms

26、of the same thing 這些是同一事物兩種不同的形式。練 習(xí)1.Three _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds people B. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at themeeting.A. is handing out B. are to hand outC. are handin

27、g out D. is to hand out3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble. A. am B. is C. are D. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _known to us all.A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; isD. are to be held;is5. There _ a lo

28、t of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up. A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. is B.

29、was C. are D. were8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. are B. are going to beC. is D. is to be9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. is B. are C. was D. were10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is11. What the children in the mountain village

30、 need _ good books.A. is B. are C. have D. has12. The whole family _ TV attentively.A. are watching B. is watching C. is seeing D. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day beforeyesterday.A. was B. were C. have been D. would be14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two yo

31、ungpeople on their way to the village.A. were B. was C. is D. sits15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D. have not beenpreserved16. There _ little change in that middle school.A. have B. had C. have been D. has

32、been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to be B. / C. is D. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. being B. are C. was D. were20. Not only you but

33、also I _ able to help him out.A. are B. is C. am D. were21. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kites history.A. have told B. tells C. were told D. was told22. You and I _ twin sisters.A. were B. are C. is D. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteerworkers.A. are tell

34、ing B. is telling C. are given D. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of time.A. rots away B. rot away C. has rotted away D. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaning B. are cleaning C. were cleaning D. have cleaned26.

35、 Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are known27. The defence works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A. were B. has been C. had been D. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？” “_ .”A. Nobody of us has B. Nobo

36、dy of us haveC. None of us has D. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers _ quickly towards their position.A. were advancing B. were advancedC. was advancing D. advancing30. Everyone, men and women, old and young _ sports and games.A. is enjoy B. were enjoyingC. enjoys D. enjoy1. 解析：選 B. hundred 一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s1. 解析：選 D. 當(dāng) either or 連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個主語保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動 作。3. 解析：選 A. who 為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是 I , 所以謂 語動詞要用 am.4. 解析：選 D. 主語 the Olympic Games 意為：奧運(yùn)會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用 單數(shù)形式。5. 解析：選 C. there be 句型中 be 動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語，a lot