北郵數(shù)電綜合實驗報告

1、北京郵電大學(xué)電子工程學(xué)院2012級數(shù)字電路與邏輯設(shè)計實驗報告點陣賽車游戲班內(nèi)序號:姓名：7ooh0s目錄任務(wù)要求3系統(tǒng)設(shè)計4設(shè)計思路4設(shè)計框圖4分塊介紹6仿真波形6vhdl源程序10功能說明25元器件清單25故障及問題分析27實驗總結(jié)27任務(wù)要求題目六、點陣賽車游戲基本要求：1、用8x8點陣進行5秒倒計吋顯示，如下圖所示。oooooooo oooooooo ooeoooe ooeoooe ooeooo* oooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooo oooeoooo oootoooo oooo oooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooo ooe

2、eeee ooeoooe ooooo oooe oooooooo oooooooo0000000000000000000000000000000000000000oooooeoo oooooeoo ooetetoo00*00000 ooeooooo 00*00000 oooo2、當(dāng)5秒倒計時結(jié)束后，點陣顯示下圖所示的賽道和賽車的初始位置，賽車游 戲開始，并開始計吋，用兩個數(shù)碼管顯示吋間。圖中的紅色表示賽道，黃色 表示賽車的初始位置，箭頭表示賽車行進的方向。oo®ooooo ooo®oooo ooooeooo oooooeee ooooo oooeoooo ooooeooo

3、ooooooo3、用盯n1btn3三個按鍵分別控制賽車的左移、前進、右移，最終使賽車在 不碰撞賽道的情況下走完全程（即圖2中的綠色位置），游戲結(jié)束，點陣顯示“v”圖案，數(shù)碼管顯示走完全程所耗費的時間。4、當(dāng)游戲時間超過59秒，或者賽車在行進過程中碰撞賽道，游戲失敗，點陣 顯示"x"圖案。5、通過按鍵盯no進行復(fù)位，控制點陣返回到圖1所示的初始狀態(tài)。提高要求：1、有多種游戲賽道可選，5秒倒計時顯示后賽道隨機出現(xiàn)。2、賽車的初始位置隨機出現(xiàn)。3、在賽車行進過程中，賽道中隨機出現(xiàn)障礙物（用8x8點陣中的一個led 表示），通過btn1btn3三個按鍵的控制躲避障礙物，走完全程。若

4、賽 車碰到障礙物和賽道，則游戲失敗。系統(tǒng)設(shè)計設(shè)計思路程序采用自頂向下設(shè)計的思路，先將主程序啟動，然后依次啟動子程序，主 程序為點陣倒計時部分，子程序包括數(shù)碼管顯示部分、點陣賽道顯示部分、賽車 移動部分、邏輯判斷部分。設(shè)計框圖系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖 iaisv分塊說明(1) 輸入部分：設(shè)計方案中有七個輸入端，時鐘信號輸入elk接外部時鐘，為計數(shù)器提 供有效的時鐘邊沿進行計數(shù)；復(fù)位信號輸入reset為低電平有效，當(dāng)reset=o時，計 數(shù)器攵位到初始狀態(tài)“000”，同時賽道恢攵最初狀態(tài)，當(dāng)resets時，計數(shù)器正常計 數(shù)；啟動信號輸入start為高電平有效，當(dāng)start=l吋，倒計吋部分啟動。另有四個 輸入端

5、控制賽車移動，分別對應(yīng)左移、右移、前進、后退。(2) 處理部分：設(shè)計方案中此部分包含2個模塊：邏輯判斷模塊：判斷代表賽車的點所在的行與列是否在賽道范圉內(nèi)，如不在則輸出 失敗信號，如在賽道內(nèi)進行下一步判斷。按鍵掃頻模塊：通過分頻器調(diào)整一個時鐘信號，對賽車移動的控制按鍵進行判斷， 是否移動賽車。(3) 輸岀部分：由譯碼電路，數(shù)碼管根據(jù)ag以及catl-cat6的輸出顯示數(shù)字圖形，點陣 根據(jù)rowo-7, cul(r)0-7,cul(g)0-7的輸出顯示賽道及賽車，利用人眼的視覺延緩效應(yīng)， 當(dāng)時鐘信號elk的頻率50hz,實驗屮取100hz以上較佳，但同時不可過大，最大至lj l-2khz,就可看到

6、預(yù)期實驗結(jié)果。仿真波形倒計時“5”m4 at 10 «fl at b3 iy «e 1% yft m ! a»10 «t?m «p m xru>l <u«i? tn «tuoj re«cl| q16仍卜437«taia心<«!4scai ra rnkdctexdon1i-l_l1 1i1i_rn1l nn_iiii ，t n倒計時“4”：豐=吳 i * ©卜卜卜卜卩卜卜|卜|圈|閭8卜卜卜卜器卜卜3卜可二卜習(xí)三；：；：&|卜卜|5卜”-a e eeo1 - i

7、 2 1 1 i 1 2. jt"t"2 ； ： 9 ：睪耳n?.?millc c c* *y 6cer3 e*l20 2【二 2e oh* 2* =* 232 8 s§卡“25耆s2 -jrphmtbmfnd*tl tfkfsawxai18:f豈-mmxjrukkxkkxxkxjkxxxmxwoo111h«vuu5rw寄呂黒bbbbb竊陽涕竊竊雷禺bbb固定賽道:28sup9fw土 pcrtw203 0)mia茨父!>7 ztn<u(3)ca«) eu(s) mbs數(shù)碼管計時:od tiaim4«t« tine

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9、 hillrtlie 航 mu 貴1h 誠 uhmtguij 業(yè)ulmfdhilf面a左移，圈出來的表示賽車位置，可見向左移動了一格:u 679 nt203tirtfarvw2o3t$u«0endopt2(*ejjjpor206imi，卅一juli-jl2l. 11.刖進：右移:211 wtarvit211 stm c0 rwtll-r-c>l -(<1" “e-eucolam zmatei z chkctsm成功，顯示紅色的v：master tme b19325皿jj porter3718m)7.163s<m31 s3 “» 21 *19 45

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13、orf9 0 warning* 11« plea refer to tb« artu xi lelp vhdl源程序library ieee;use ieee.std logic 1164.all; use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity carlsport)clk:instd_logic;-pinl8start,reset:in std_logic;-btnutb：in std_logic;-btncul0-cul7(g)ashow:out std_logic_vector(23 downto 0);-row7-row0 cul0-c

14、ul7(r) 點陣顯示nstate:out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);-cat5-cat0 數(shù)碼管狀態(tài)nshow:out std_logic_vector(7 downto o);-abcde館p 數(shù)碼管顯示end car;architecture main of car issignal ent: integer range 0 to 25000;signal cntl: integer range 0 to 25000000;signal cnt2 : integer range 0 to 5000000;signal clk_tmp : stdjogic;

15、signal clk_tmpl: stdjogic;signal tclk: std_logic;signal clk_tmp2 : stdjogic;signal row: std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);signal cul: stdogic_vector(15 downto 0);signal aclk: std_logic;signal useclk: std_logic;shared variable tend : integer range 0 to 1;signal tostart: stdjogic;shared variable sai: integ

16、er range 1 to 3;shared variable lab : integer rangeto 1;shared variable rrr: integer range 0 to 3000; shared variable rr: integer range 0 to 3000;signal preset: stdjogic; -邏輯判斷模塊重置 signal areset: std_logic;-點陣模塊重置signal nreset: std_logic; 數(shù)碼管重置signal treset: std_logic; signal pwork : stdjogic; signa

17、l awork : stdjogic; signal nwork : stdjogic; signal twork : std_logic; signal worked : std_logic;-計時器重置邏輯判斷模塊工作點陣工作-數(shù)碼管工作-計時器工作signal vic : stdjogic; 成功signal fai: std_logic; -失敗type nst is array(0 to 9)of std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);signal nshowed:nst;shared variable ashan:integer range 0 to 9; sh

18、ared variable shan :integer range 0 to 4;shared variable aashan :integer range 0 to 7;shared variable aalshan :integer range 0 to 3;shared variable alshan :integer range 0 to 9;shared variable x :integer range -2 to 5;shared variable y :integer range 0 to 7;shared variable ttime4 :integer range 0 to

19、 9;shared variable ttime3 :integer range 0 to 9;shared variable ttime2 :integer range 0 to 9;shared variable ttimel:integer range 0 to 9; shared variable ttime :integer range 0 to 9;beginnshowed(l)<="01100000"nshowed(2)<=,11011010"nshowed(3)<="11110010"nshowed(4)<

20、;=,01100110"nshowedfs'lohoho"nshowed(6)<="10111110,;nshowed(7)vdl00000“;nshowedfsk'lllllllo"nshowedfg'lllloho"nshowed(0)<=n11111100"ran saidao:process(clk)beginif(clk'event and clk='l')then if(rrr=3ooo)then rrr:=o;elserrr:=rrr+l;end if;if(r

21、rr<=looo)thensai:=l;elsif(rrr>1000 and rrr<=2000)then sai:=2;elsesai:=3;end if;end if;end process;ran car:process(clk)beginif(clk'event and clk='l')then訐(rr=3000)the nrr:=o;elserr:=rr+l;end if;if(rr<=1000)thenlab:=-l;elsif(rr>1000 and rr<=2000)then lab:=0;elselab:=l;end

22、 if;end if;end process;tdiv:process(clk,clk_tmp) 計時器分頻 begin訐(clk'event and clk='l') thenif cnt=24999 thencn t<=0; clk_tmp<= not clk_tmp; elsecn t<=cnt+l;end if;end if; tclk<=clk_tmp;end process;adiv:process(clk,clk_tmpl) -點陣分頻 begin訐(clk'event and clk='l') then訐

23、cntl=24999999 then cntl<=0;clk_tmpl<= not clk_tmpl; elsecntl<=cntl+l；end if;end if;aclk<=clk_tmpl;end process;usediv:process(clk,clk_tmp2)"按鍵控制判斷分頻 begin訐(clk'event and clk='l') then訐 cnt2=4999999 thencnt2<=0;clk_tmp2<= not clk_tmp2;elsecnt2<=cnt2+l;end if;end i

24、f;useclkv二clk_tmp2;end process;con trol:process(clk,reset,start)控制器begin訐(clk'event and clk=,l,) thenif (start='l') thentostart<='l'end if;if (reset='l, or tend=l) thenpreset<=,l,;areset<=,l,; nresedltresetvlltostartvoaworkv 二 o;elsepreset<=,0,;areset<=,0,; nre

25、setv=o；tresetv=o;if (tostart='l*)the nawork<='r； -啟動點陣模塊end if;end if;end if;end process;a:process(aclkzareset)-點陣工作模塊beginif (areset='l') thenaalsha n:=0;else訐(aclk'event and aclk='l') thenif(vic='l'orfal='l')thenif(aalshan<=2)the naalsha n:=aalsha

26、n+1;end if;end if;end if;end if;end process;process(tclk,areset)beginif (areset='l') thenalsha n:=0;elseif (tclk*event and tclk='l') thenif(alshan=9)thenalsha n:=0;elsealsha n:=alsha n+1;end if;end if;end if;end process;process(aclk,awork, worked,areset)beginif (areset='l') t

27、henaasha n:=0;elseif (aclk'event and aclk=,l, and awork=,l, and worked='0') thenif(aasha n=7)the naasha n:=0;elseaasha n:二aasha n+l;end if;end if;end if;end process;process(tclk,areset)beginif (areset='l') thenasha n:二0;else訐(tclk'event and tclk='l') thenif(asha n 二 9

28、)the nasha n:二0;elseasha n:=asha n+1;end if;end if;end if;end process;process(clk,areset,awork)begin訐(areset='l') thenashow<="000000000000000000000000" tend:=0;worked<=,0,;twork<=,0l;pwork<=,0,;else訐(clk'event and clk='l') then訐(awork='l')thenif (wor

29、ked='0')thencase aashan iswhen 0=>case ashan iswhen l=>ashowv二tllllllllllllllloooooooo”; when0=>ashow<=,101111111111011100000000,;when 2二ashowvillolllllloooololoooooooo”;when 3=>ashowv二”111011111000010100000000”;when 4=>ashow<=,111101111011010100000000" when 5二ashow

30、v二”111110111001010100000000”; whengrashowvi'illlllolllllolmoooooooo”;when 7=>ashow<="111111111111111100000000" when8=ashowv：l：l：l：l：ll：ll：l：l：l：l：l：l：l：l00000000“;when9=>ashow<=,111111111111111100000000n;end case;when 1=>case ashan iswhen 1 二ashowv 二 t1111111111111110000

31、0000”; when0=>ashow<=',101111111111011100000000n; when 2=>ashow<=,110111111000010100000000,;when 3=>ashow<=,111011111000010100000000h; when 4二ashowv二”111101111011010100000000”; when5=>ashowvil：mi0211001010：100000000“; when6=>ashow<=',111111011111011100000000n; when

32、 7二ashowv二”1：1：11：1：111：11口：111.100000000”; when 8二ashowv二“l(fā)llllllllllllllloooooooo”; whengashowvdillllllllllllloooooooo”; end case;when 2=>case ashan iswhen "xshowvjoilllllloolllloooooooooo”; wheng>ashowv=”101：l11110010000000000000“; when 2二ashowv二t10111110010000000000000”; when3=>ash

33、ow<=',111011110011110000000000n; when 4=>ashow<="111101110000010000000000,;when5=>ashowvj111110110000010000000000”; when 6二ashowv二”111111010000010000000000”; when 7二ashowv二t11111100011110000000000”;when8=>ashow<=',111111111111111100000000n; when9=>ashowv=”l：ul：l：lll

34、：ll：h：111.10000000(r； end case;when 3=>case ashan iswhen 2>ashowvi0：lll：u110010010000000000“; when。二ashowv 二“uhlllllooloolooooooooocr； when 2=>ashowv二“l(fā)lollllloolooloooooooooo”; when 3二ashowv二t11011110011110000000000”; when4=>ashowv=t11101110000010000000000”; when 5=>ashowv=th1101：100

35、000：10000000000“; when 6=>ashow<="111111010000010000000000,; when 7=>ashowv二”121111100000010000000000”; whensashowdllllllllllllllloooooooo”; when9=>ashowv=t11111111111111100000000”; end case;when 4=>case ashan iswhen 1 二ashowv 二”011111110011110000000000”; whenorashowutolllllloooo

36、oloooooooooo"when 2=>ashow<="110111110000010000000000,;when 3=>ashow<=,111011110011110000000000h;when4=>ashowdll：l01110000010000000000“;when 5二ashowv二t11110110000010000000000”; when6=>ashowmil：u010000010000000000“;when 7=>ashow<=,111111100011110000000000,;whensoasho

37、wvjillllllllllllllloooooooo”; when9=>ashow<="111111111111111100000000"end case;when 5=>case ashan iswhen "xshowvjoilllllloolllloooooooooo”; wheng>ashowv=”101：l11110000010000000000“;when 2=>ashowm021：u10000010000000000“;when bqashowutholllloolllloooooooooo"when 4=&g

38、t;ashow<="111101110010000000000000,;when 5=>ashowv二“l(fā)llllolloolooooooooooooo”;when 6=>ashowv二t11111010010000000000000”;when 7二ashowv二t11111100011110000000000”; when8=>ashow<=',111111111111111100000000n; whenbashowvdlllllllllllllloooooooo”;end case;when 6=>case ashan iswhen

39、 "xshowvjoilllllloooolooooooooooo”;when 0二ashowv二”101111110000100000000000”;when2=>ashowm021：u10000100000000000“;when3=>ashowvil：110：u110000100000000000“;when4=>ashowv=”l：u10：1110000：100000000000”;when 5=>ashowv二“l(fā)llllolloooolooooooooooo”;when 6=>ashowv二t11111010000100000000000”;

40、when 7二ashowv二t11111100000100000000000”;when 8二ashowuthllllllllllllloooooooo”; whenbashowvdlllllllllllllloooooooo”;end case;when 7=> worked<='l'pwork<='l,;nwork<=,l,;twork<=,l'if (reset!/) thenpwork<=,0'nwork<=,0'twork<='0,;end if;end case;elseif (

41、fal二t)the ntwork<='0,;pwork<='0,;訐(aalsha nv=2)thencase alshan iswhen l=>ashow<二“olhlllllooooooloooooooo”; whenooashowvjiolllllloloooolooooooooo”;when 2二ashowvillollllloolooloooooooooo”;when 3=>ashowv=”l：1101：u1000：u00000000000”; whenqashowdlllolllooollooooooooooo”;when 5=>

42、ashow<="111110110010010000000000,;when 6=>ashowv=”11111101010000：l000000000”;when 7二ashowv二t111111o1oooooo1oooooooo”;when8=>ashow<=”l：1121：u112111：u：100000000”; whenbashowvdllllllhlllllloooooooo”;end case;elseten d:=l;end if;elsif(vic='l,)thentwork<='0,;pwork<='0,;

43、訐(aalsha nv=2)thencase alshan iswhen l=>ashow<二“olhlllloooooooooooooooo”; wheno 二ashowdolllllllooooooloooooooo”;when 2=>ashow<="110111111000000100000000,; when3=>ashowv=”l：1101：u11000000：100000000”; whenqashowdlllollloloooolooooooooo”;when 5=>ashow<="111110110010010000

44、000000,;when 6=>ashowv=”11111101000：1100000000000”;when 7=>ashow<="111111111111111100000000,;when8=>ashow<="111111111111111100000000h; whenbashowvdllllllhlllllloooooooo”;end case;elseten d:=l;end if;elsecase alshan iswhen "xshowvjollllllloooloooloooooooo”；wheno=>asho

45、wv 二 t01111110001000100000000”; when 2=>ashowv=”1101111：1000：l000100000000“; when 3=>ashow<="111011110010001000000000,; when4=>ashowv=hll：l0：l：l10100010000000000“; when 5=>ashow<=,111110111000100000000000" when 6二ashowv二t11111011000100000000000”; when7=>ashowu”l：in：u：1

46、01000：100000000000”; when 8=>ashow<=,111111111111111100000000,; when 9=>case x iswhen 0=>cul<=,0000000000100000,' when l=>cul<="oooooooooooloooon; when 2=>cul<=,0000000000001000n; when 3=>cul<="0000000000000100n; when 4二culv=“0000000000000010”； when 5=&

47、gt;cul<=n0000000000000001" when-l=>cul<=,0000000001000000h; when-2=>cul<=,0000000010000000h; end case;case y iswhen 0二rowv二t1111110”； when "rowvillllllol”； when 2=><=,11111011,'when 3=><=,11110111,' when 4=>row<=,11101111"when 5二rowutlolllll”；w

48、hen 6二howvilollllll”； when 7=>row<=,01111111"end case;ashowv二row&cul;end case;end if;end if;end if;end 訐；end if;end process;p:process(clk,preset, pworkuseclk 丄 rtb)"邏輯判斷模塊variable derx :integer range -1 to 1;variable dery :integer range -1 to 1;beginif(preset='l')the nx:=

49、lab;y:=0;vic<=,0,;fal<='0,;else訐(pwork=,l,)the niffuseclkvent and useclk=,l,)thenderx:=0;dery:=0;if(ttime<=5)the nif(l='l')thenderx:=-l;elsif(r='l,)thenderx:=l;elsif(f='l')thendery:=l;elsif(b='l')thendery:=-l;elseend if;y:=y+dery;x:=x+derx;if(not(y>=0 and

50、y<=2 and x>=-l and x<=l) or (y=3 and x>=0 andx<=2) or (y=4 and x>=l and x<=3) or (y>=5 and y<=6 and x>=2 and x<=4)then訐(y=7 and x>=2 and x<=4)thenvic<='l'elsefalv=l；end if;end 訐 ；elseend if;end if;end if;end if;end process;t:process(clk,tclk,treset,t

51、work) 一計時器模塊beginif (treset='l')then ttimel:=0;ttime2:=0;ttime3:=0;ttime4:=0;ttime:=0;elseif(twork='l,)the nif (tclk'event and tclk='l') thenttime4:=ttime4+l;if(ttime4>=10)the n ttime4:=0;ttime3:=ttime3+l;end if;if (ttime3>=10)the nttime3:=0; ttime2:=ttime2+l;end if;if

52、(ttime2>=10)then ttime2:=0; ttimel:=ttimel+l;end if;if (ttimel>=10)thenttimel:=0; ttime:=ttime+l;end if;end if;end if; end if;end process;n:process(tclk)-數(shù)碼管顯示模塊beginif (tclk'event and tclk='l') thenif(sha n二 4)the n sha n:=0;elsesha n:=sha n+1;end if;end if;end process;process(clk

53、，n reset, nwork)beginif (nreset='l') thenn state<=l,llllll,;nshow<=h00000000,1;else訐(clk'event and clk='l') then if(nwork='l')thencase shan iswhen 0二nstate<=,111011n;n show v二 n showed(ttimel);when 1=>n state<=,111110"n show v=n showed(ttime3);when 2=>n state<=,111101n;n show<=n showed(ttime2); when 3=> nstate<=,110111"n show v二 n showed(ttime); when 4=> nstate<=,111011" nshow<=,00000001u;end case;elsecase shan iswhen 0=>n state<=,