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1、荊州工作站推薦There be句型精講精練 There be 句型是英語中一個常用的重要句型。因為它有著不同時態(tài)和句式的變化,所以有著一定的難度,為數(shù)很多的學(xué)生始終不能真正掌握并準(zhǔn)確使用它。本文將盡可能對此句型實行詳細(xì)地分析和講解,以期為對此句型感到困惑的學(xué)子排憂解難。一、There be句型的表義作用和句型結(jié)構(gòu)There be 句型常被用來表述某地或某時段存有某人或物,所以也被稱為“存有”句型。很多學(xué)生常把這個句型與have/has(有)的用法混淆或混雜,寫出如 There has a painting on the wall.和 The classroom has 60 students.
2、等類似的錯誤句式。在此需要指出have/has 應(yīng)被用來表述某人或某物擁有某事物,它體現(xiàn)著一種擁有和所屬關(guān)系。換言之,在句型A have/has B 中,B為A所有或本身就是A的一部分,如:He has a beautiful bike. A bike has two wheels.另外,There be 句型的句子結(jié)構(gòu)從本質(zhì)上說是一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝句。即在句型there be +sb./sth. 中,sb./sth.實際為句子的主語,be為系動詞,there實際上是表語,因為約定俗成的原因在實際使用中成了表系主結(jié)構(gòu),如There is a painting on the wall。作為語言
3、學(xué)習(xí)者,我們必須忠實于這個用法而不能擅自更改。而在上文提到的句型A have/has B 則是一個普通的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。二There be句型的時態(tài)和語態(tài)There be句型??蓱?yīng)用于一般現(xiàn)在時,一般過去時,一般將來時,現(xiàn)在完成時,過去將來時,過去完成時,沒有實行式。從語態(tài)方面來看,只有主動式,沒有被動式。(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時:There is + n (u) 或the is +a(n)+n (c) 或there are + n-es (c)Eg: There is a painting on the wall. There is nothing in the bottle. There are 6
4、0 students in the classroom.(2) 一般過去時:There was/ were + n Eg: There was nobody on the dark street for her to turn to. There were more than 1200 passengers on board when the ship hit an iceberg. (3) 一般將來時:There will be +n 或 There is/are going to be +n Eg: There will be more than 100 guests at the par
5、ty. There are going to be 30 major items and 300 individual events in the next Olympics. (4) 過去將來時:There would be + n 或 There was/were going to be + n Eg: The teacher told us that there would be an English test the next week. The marshal announced that there were going to be 30 major items and 300 i
6、ndividual events.(5) 現(xiàn)在完成時:There have/has been + n Eg: There has been no rain for over a month.There have been no accidents at this place for many years. (6) 過去完成時:There had been +n Eg: There had been no rain for two months by the end of last week.對于there be句型,我們在實踐中要考慮實際的語言環(huán)境來選用適合的時態(tài)。尤其是要多注重多揣摩其完成形
7、式的用法并真正掌握,因為在教學(xué)過程中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很多學(xué)生對這個點的掌握情況尤其不如意。 三There be句型的非謂語用法There be句型有時也用語于非謂語動詞形式。此用法是這個句型的升華和難點,若能準(zhǔn)確使用可讓語言緊湊而簡練有力,因而提升檔次。但這個用法對很多學(xué)生來說也是一個“技術(shù)瓶頸”,須用心體會揣摩直至掌握。1. There be句型的不定式用法:There to be sth./sb.Eg: We just expect there to be equal opportunities for everyone. 我們只是期待每個人都能有公平的機(jī)會。此句中之所以用there to be是
8、因為根據(jù)表意需要既要用上expect sb/sth. to do 結(jié)構(gòu)又要用上there be 句型。從理論上說實際上是expect sb./sth. to be there的調(diào)整。能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞即可用于“vt +sb.+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞,如wish,want等。Eg: It was unusual for there to be so few people in the street大街上人這么少,這不大正常。(it is adj for sb. to do st
9、h.與there be 句型的結(jié)合) 2. There be句型的動名詞用法:There being sth./sbWhats the chance of there being an election this year?今年舉行大選的可能性有多大?(動名詞作介詞賓語) There being a bus stop so near the house is a great
10、160;advantage離屋子這么近有一個汽車站,這太便利了。(動名詞作主語) There being no bus shouldnt have been an excuse for your coming late. 沒有公汽不應(yīng)該成為你遲到的借口。(動名詞作主語)3. There be句型的現(xiàn)在分詞用法:There being sth./sb There being nothing to do, we went home. There being no bus, we had to take a taxi. 這里的there being sth./sb 也可認(rèn)為是一種獨立主格結(jié)
11、構(gòu)。四There be句型的一些特殊句型1There be句型與情態(tài)動詞合用。 There cant be such person. 不可能有這種人。 There must (have to) be some changes. 不能再這樣了。 There used to be a beautiful lake here. There may be a better solution.2. There happen to / seems to /is likely to /appears to/ bound to (必定) be There happened to
12、be an old friend of mine in the club在那個俱樂部碰巧有我的一個老朋友。 There appear to be several reasons for changing our plans看來改變我們的計劃有幾個理由。 There are bound to be obstacles for us
13、0;to get over一定會有障礙需要我們?nèi)タ朔?#160;3. There is no point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事無意義 There is no good doing sth. 做某事無益 There is no use doing sth. 做某事沒有用處 There is no doing sth/that-clause. 不可能做某事;無法做某事 There is no need to do sth. 沒必要做某事There is no chance/possibility that-clause 沒有的可能(性)There
14、 is no doubt that-clause 毫無疑問There is some doubt whether +clause 還不一定There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match. 他們的足球隊會不會贏得這場比賽還不能肯定。There is no denying. 想否認(rèn)是不可能的。五There be句型的變體除動詞be外,其它一些動詞也可以與there連用。這些動詞有兩類:一類是表示存在概念的狀態(tài)動詞,如:exist,remain,live,lie,stand等;一類是表示某事發(fā)生或某人到達(dá)等概念的不
15、及物動詞,如:come,enter,arise,occur,follow,appear等。There與這些詞的搭配可以看作是there be 句型的變體。例如: There lies a river behind the house屋后有一條河。 Then there came a knock at the door然后聽到敲門聲。 At a later stage there a
16、rose new problems which seemed insolvable在后期出現(xiàn)了似乎無法解決的新問題。 There followed an uncomfortable silence接著是一陣令人難受的沉默。 Exercises: 1There _ a bed and a big wardrobe with a mirror Aare
17、 Bwere Cwas Dbe 2No one would have dreamed of _ such a good place Athere is Bthere to be Cthere being Dthere was 3I should prefer _ no discussion of my&
18、#160;private affairs Athere to be Bthere being Cthere is Dthere are 4It was too late _ any buses Afor there to be Bthere to be Cthere being Dfor there being 5
19、There _ a war between his heart and his head A. being B. appeared to be C. to be D. were 6 _in his imagination visions of a world empire ARising BRose C
20、Rise DThere rose 7If the police hadnt reacted quickly,_ a bad accident Athere were Bthere will be Cthere could have been Dthere had to be 8Uncle Jesse,why _
21、160;poor people like those? Aare there have to be Bdo there have to be Chave there to be Dthere have to be 9 _ more difficulties than you thought AIt&
22、#160;is likely BIt is likely to be CThere is likely DThere are likely to be 10 _just twenty-eight pounds AThere remained BIt remained CThere were remained DThat remained 11You wouldnt want _ another war Athere be Bthere to be Cto be Dthere being 12There _ nobody in the r
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