民法論文民事習(xí)慣的民法淵源地位研究.doc

1、.民事習(xí)慣的民法淵源地位研究 民事習(xí)慣的民法淵源地位研究 Study on the Civil Law Status of Civil Custom 【摘要】 從習(xí)慣到法律的演變是人類社會歷史上第一次文明的體現(xiàn),并最終為現(xiàn)代社會制度化規(guī)范體系建立了深厚的積淀。在民事生活領(lǐng)域中,許許多多的民事習(xí)慣與制定法同時(shí)存在,并作為法律補(bǔ)充淵源在各國立法及司法實(shí)踐中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。從規(guī)范意義角度講,民事習(xí)慣是在民事生活領(lǐng)域經(jīng)社會公眾普遍遵守并具有一定約束力的行為規(guī)范。就習(xí)慣與法律的關(guān)系而言,在古代習(xí)慣是法律發(fā)展的最初表現(xiàn)形態(tài),在現(xiàn)代習(xí)慣是法律發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)。因此,在當(dāng)代法治話語中重視民事習(xí)慣的作用、確立民

2、事習(xí)慣的法源地位及明確民事習(xí)慣司法適用規(guī)則具有十分重要的理論意義和司法實(shí)踐價(jià)值。法國和德國的民法典雖然沒有確立民事習(xí)慣的法源地位,但在其他民事法律文件或司法實(shí)踐中,習(xí)慣通過判例制度和法官解釋繼續(xù)發(fā)揮作用并補(bǔ)充制定法的不足。瑞士民法典首次將習(xí)慣正式確立為法律的補(bǔ)充淵源,體現(xiàn)了開放與現(xiàn)代的民法理念,適應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代社會的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求。在現(xiàn)代英美法國家的法律體系中,習(xí)慣法與成文法具有同等重要的地位。在我國現(xiàn)代法律體系中沒有確立民事習(xí)慣的法源地位,物權(quán)法、合同法等法律文件中也較少涉及民事習(xí)慣的規(guī)定。在我國的法治話語中,民事習(xí)慣并沒有獲得足夠的重視,除了在國內(nèi)少數(shù)民族和對外關(guān)系問題上,一般是輕視習(xí)慣的。由于我國沒

3、有確立民事習(xí)慣的法源地位和司法適用規(guī)則,在我國司法實(shí)踐中面對制定法的缺陷與漏洞及衡平糾紛解決與規(guī)則之治的困境時(shí),無法有效發(fā)揮習(xí)慣的漏洞補(bǔ)充和解釋論證的作用。在本文的研究進(jìn)路中以歸納分析、對比論證、實(shí)證研究的方法對民事習(xí)慣的內(nèi)涵、作用及民事習(xí)慣作為民法法源的必要性、可能性進(jìn)行分析和闡述,并最終在我國未來民法典的制訂中,確立民事習(xí)慣的法源地位,這將有利于樹立公平正義的自治理念并促進(jìn)法律適用的靈活性,為法官裁判案件提供更為廣闊的空間。除引言和結(jié)語外,本論文分四部分:第一部分:分析民法淵源和民事習(xí)慣的內(nèi)涵,對民事習(xí)慣在法律淵源中的地位進(jìn)行闡述:民事習(xí)慣是形式淵源與間接淵源。在民事習(xí)慣與習(xí)慣法、民事習(xí)慣

4、與制定法兩組概念的區(qū)分中將民事習(xí)慣界定為在民事生活領(lǐng)域,經(jīng)社會公眾普遍遵守并具有一定約束力的社會規(guī)范。當(dāng)李健吾對二三十年代的中國現(xiàn)實(shí)主流游離不定而找不到實(shí)際歸宿之時(shí),1931年,他靠著父執(zhí)輩和親朋好友的幫忙得以成功出國。在法國留學(xué)的兩年時(shí)間里,一方面,他日夜研讀福樓拜、莫里哀、司湯達(dá)等人的作品,外國文藝思潮的影響使他超越了普羅文學(xué)的視界;另一方面,遠(yuǎn)離了中國當(dāng)時(shí)的現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境,他不必為趨當(dāng)時(shí)之勢而費(fèi)力追趕當(dāng)時(shí)文學(xué)潮流,使他有更多時(shí)間去實(shí)踐他自己的創(chuàng)作技巧與風(fēng)格。在他留法期間完成的最重要的一個三幕劇村長之家,這個劇本與李健吾以前的劇作明顯不同,故事情節(jié)由簡單變?yōu)閺?fù)雜,人物性格由單一變?yōu)槎嘀?劇情發(fā)生

5、的背景也不再是城市,而是“華北鄉(xiāng)間某村鎮(zhèn)上”,實(shí)際上就是以他的故鄉(xiāng)安邑西曲【Abstract】 The evolution from the custom to law is the first civilization in the human society and provides profound foundation for the institutionalization system. The civil custom comes along with the positive law in civil field, as the source of law, the custo

6、m plays an important role in legislation and legal practice. From the standard point, civil custom is the behavioral norms in the civil field and complied by public with sanction. The custom is the primary form of the law in ancient times and the major foundation in modern times. Therefore, attachin

7、g importance to the civil custom and establishing the custom status as the source of law have theoretical significance and judicial practice.Although the status of the custom in civil law system is not established in France and Germany Civil Code, but the custom comes into effect by the repudiation

8、and the interpretation of the judge and replenish the deficiency of the statute. The Swiss Civil Code establishes the custom as the source of law for the first time so as to be applicable to reality. The custom has the same statute with the statuary law in common law counties. We have not yet establ

9、ished the custom as the source of law and less touching upon the civil custom in civil law system. and in legal practice the loophole of the law and the predicament between dispute resolution and rule by law cant be resolved by the custom, therefore, the custom cant play the function of replenishing

10、 the loophole of the law and demonstrating.This paper elaborates the connotation、effect、necessity and possibility with inductive analysis、contrast argumentation and empirical research approach. In our making the civil code in future, establishing the custom status in the source of law and forming th

11、e multivariate source system of law will be propitious to the setting up justice and equity idea and promote the flexibility in application of law as well as wider space for the judge hearing the cases.Besides lead-in and conclusion, the dissertation contains four parts.Chapter one, analyzes the con

12、notation of the civil law origin and civil custom. Elaborates the status of custom in source of civil law: formal and indirect sources. In the division of the concept civil custom with common law and positive law, the civil custom is the standard with sanction by public in civil life field. Chapter

13、two, analyzes the status of custom in France、Germany、Switzerland、Taiwan and Common Law counties with comparative method. Attaching the important status for custom in law system and replenishing the loophole of the positive law.Chapter three, elaborates the necessity and probability of the custom as

14、the source of law in our counties. Establishing the status of the civil custom can form multivariate law system and replenish the loophole of the positive law and explanation basis high degree of autonomy.Chapter four, demonstrates the qualifications and rank order of custom in the source of law. In

15、stitutes the qualifications and status of the custom as the supplementary source: where otherwise provided for by law, such provisions shall prevail, where there are no relevant provisions in the law, they shall be in compliance with the civil custom and setting the custom application condition and restriction principle.【關(guān)鍵詞】 民事習(xí)慣; 民法淵源; 補(bǔ)充淵源 【Key words】 Civil Custom; Source of Civil Law; Supplementary Source of Law 民事習(xí)慣的民法淵源地位研究內(nèi)容摘要 4-6 Abstract 6-7 引言 9-10 一、民法淵源與民事習(xí)慣 10-21 (一) 民法淵源 10-14 (二) 民事習(xí)慣 14-21 二、民事習(xí)慣法源地位的比較法考察 21-27 (一) 大陸法系有關(guān)國家民事習(xí)慣的法源