《九年級英語上冊 Unit 10《By the time I got outside, the bus had already left》學(xué)案 人教新目標(biāo)版》

1、九年級英語上冊 unit 10by the time i got outside, the bus had already left學(xué)案 人教新目標(biāo)版一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)（language goal）1learn to narrate past events學(xué)會描述過去所發(fā)生的事情。2learn to express something with past perfect tense. 學(xué)習(xí)使用過去完成時態(tài)。3strengthen the consciousness of doing things regularly做事加強(qiáng)連續(xù)性，有條不紊。二、重點(diǎn)詞組（key phrases）1by the tim

2、e 到時候為止2get outside 到外邊3get to school 到學(xué)校4get up 起床5get into the shower 去洗澡6get home 到家7start doing / to do sth. 開始做某事8be late for 遲到9go off （鬧鐘）鬧響10wake up 醒來11come out 出來，出現(xiàn)12run off 迅速離開，跑掉13on time 準(zhǔn)時14in time 及時15come by （走）過來16give sb. a ride 讓某人搭車17break down 損壞，壞掉18show up 出席，露面19stay up 熬夜2

3、0a costume party 一個化裝舞會21sth. happen to sb. 某事發(fā)生在某人身上22so that 如此以至于23set off 出發(fā)，開始24april fool's day 愚人節(jié)25get married 結(jié)婚26marry sb. 與某人結(jié)婚27both and 二者都28get dressed 穿好衣服29on the first day 在第一天三、交際用語1by the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom2by the time she went outs

4、ide, the bus had already gone3by the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching4when she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home5have you ever overslept? 6have you ever been late for school? 四、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)釋義(language points)1get to 意為“到達(dá)”。例如：when did you get there

5、last night? 你昨晚什么時候到那兒的？i get home at 7:00 every day我每天7:00到家。when i got to the cinema, the film had already begun我到電影院時，電影已經(jīng)開始了。辨析：get, arrive與reach這三個詞都可以用來表示“到達(dá)”，但是用法不同。（1）get和arrive都是不及物動詞，其后只能跟表示地點(diǎn)的副詞，若是跟名詞則須再加介詞，即get to 地點(diǎn)名詞，arrive in / at 地點(diǎn)名詞（in 之后跟表示大地方的詞，at之后跟表示小地方的詞）。若是只說“到達(dá)”，而不指出到達(dá)哪里，則只能

6、用arrive。例如：how did you get / arrive there? 你怎么到那兒的？i got to / arrived in beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。when do you often get to / arrive at school? 你經(jīng)常什么時候到校？when will you arrive? 你什么時候到？（2）reach為及物動詞，其后既可跟名詞也可跟副詞。例如：i reached beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。we reached here on foot

7、我們步行到這兒的。2關(guān)于get的詞組小結(jié)在本單元出現(xiàn)大量關(guān)于get的詞組，要注意背誦：get to school 到學(xué)校get into the shower 去洗澡get outside 到外邊get home 到家get up 起床get married 結(jié)婚get dressed 穿好衣服get to class 到班級get bored 變得無聊get tired 變得疲勞3i've never been late for school, but yesterday i came very close.我上學(xué)從未遲到過，但是昨天差一點(diǎn)兒就遲到了。（1）i've 是i h

8、ave的縮寫，have been late是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時是指一個動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)下去，而且對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了一定的影響，其構(gòu)成是have / has動詞過去分詞。例如：i have been here since 1999自1999年以來我就在這兒。we have lived in jinan for 20 years我們已經(jīng)在濟(jì)南住了20年了。she hasn't worked for 2 years她已2年不工作了。（2）be late for 意為“遲到”，for為介詞，所以其后須跟名詞。例如：don't be late for the

9、meeting開會別遲到了。jim was late for school again吉姆上學(xué)又遲到了。tom has been late for classes twice. 湯姆上課已經(jīng)遲到兩次了。（3）close在此為副詞“接近地，靠近地”。此外came very close意為“到時與遲到很接近”。4my alarm clock didn't go off, 鬧鐘沒有大響go off 意為“爆發(fā)，大響”。例如：although the alarm clock went off, he didn't wake up雖然鬧鐘大響，但是他還是沒有醒來。與go有關(guān)的詞組還有：（

10、1）go in for“參加”（競賽、考試）；（作為嗜好、工作）“愛好”。例如：she goes in for birdwatching她愛好賞鳥。（2）go on“進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)”。例如：please go on請繼續(xù)。（3）go on doing sth. 或go on with sth. “繼續(xù)做”。例如：he went on working without having a rest他一直工作，沒停下來休息過。（4）go over“調(diào)查，視察；越過”。例如：you must go over your lessons before the exam考試前你必須復(fù)習(xí)。5and i had to

11、 wait for him to come out我不得不等他出來。（1）have to 意為“必須，不得不”。例如：do you have to take the test? 你必須考試嗎？tom has to practice speaking chinese every day湯姆每天必須練習(xí)講漢語。辨析：have to 與must這兩個詞都可以表示“必須”。have to 更加強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀原因，而must則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀原因；含有have to 的句子在作句型轉(zhuǎn)換時須借助于助動詞do，does或did，而must本身是情態(tài)動詞，進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換時可以直接通過must改變。例如：it is raini

12、ng, we have to stay at home. 天在下雨，我們不得不待在家里。we must work hard我們必須努力工作。lucy doesn't have to stand露茜不必站著。you mustn't play in the street你不能在街道上玩。（2）wait 是不及物動詞“等待，等候”的意思?？梢杂糜谠~組wait for sb“等某人”，wait to do sth“等著做某事”，wait for sb. to do sth“等某人做某事”。例如：who are you waiting for? 你在等誰？they can't w

13、ait to open the presents他們迫不及待地打開禮物。you can wait for him to help you你可以等著他幫你。6unfortunately, by the time i got there, the bus had already left不幸的是，我到那兒的時候，公交車已經(jīng)走了。unfortunately 是副詞“不幸地”，是由fortunately加否定前綴“un”構(gòu)成的。英語中有一部分詞在詞首或詞尾加上前綴或后綴就可以變成另外一個詞。如：lucky（幸運(yùn)的）unlucky（不幸的），use（用）useful（有用的），forget（忘記）for

14、getful（健忘的），un作前綴表示“not”的含義，即“un”是一個否定前綴。例如：fit（合適的）unfit（不合適的），fair （公平的）unfair（不公平的），known（聞名的）unknown（不聞名的）等。 7luckily, my friend tony and his dad came by in his dad's car and they gave me a ride.幸運(yùn)的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐著他爸爸的車經(jīng)過，他們讓我搭了個便車。（1）come by 意為“經(jīng)過，走過；獲得，獲有”。例如：please let the car come by請讓車過去。

15、good jobs are not easy to come by好工作不容易找到。與come有關(guān)的其他詞組：<1>come out 出來；開花；出版 例如：the moon has come out月亮出來了。it's too cold for the flowers to come out天太冷了，花不開了。<2>come about 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生 例如：tell me how the accident came about告訴我事情是怎么發(fā)生的。<3>come across“（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn)，遇見”。例如：i came across his name

16、 on the list我無意中在名單上發(fā)現(xiàn)他的名字。<4>come after 繼之后，接而來 例如：sunday comes after saturday星期天在星期六之后。<5>come back 回來 例如：when did he come back? 他什么時候回來的？<6>come to oneself 蘇醒，醒過來 例如：at last, he came to himself最后他醒了。<7>come from 來自 例如：julia comes from australia朱莉婭來自澳大利亞。（2）give sb. a ride

17、意為“讓某人搭便車”。ride在此為名詞“搭車，乘車”的意思。get a ride意為“搭便車”。例如：can you give me a ride, jack? 杰克，能讓我搭個便車嗎？i want to get a ride. 我想搭個便車。8i only just made it to my class我恰好到教室。make it 意為“成功了，做成了”。這里指的是沒有遲到，準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)。例如：have you got the job? 你得到那份工作了嗎？yes, i made it是的，我成功了。9have you ever forgotten to bring your homewor

18、k to school? 你曾忘了把作業(yè)帶到學(xué)校嗎？（1）辨析：forget to do 與forget doing forget to do 指的是“忘了去做”，即該事還未做；而forget doing 則指“忘了做了”，即該事已經(jīng)做完。例如：don't forget to turn off lights when you go out出去時別忘了關(guān)燈。sorry, i forgot to bring the books again對不起，我又忘了帶書來了。lucy forgot locking the door露茜忘了已鎖了門了。tom forgot turning off tv湯

19、姆忘了關(guān)了電視了。（2）辨析：bring, takebring 意為“把拿來，取來”。即把某物從別處拿到說話者所在地；take 意為“把拿走，取走”，即把某物從說話者所在地拿到別處。例如：please bring my english book here. 請把我的英語書拿到這兒來。you can't take these magazines home. 你不能把這些雜志拿回家。10what happened to david on april fool's day? 愚人節(jié)那天，大衛(wèi)出什么事了嗎？（1）happen to sb. 意為“某人怎么了，發(fā)生在某人身上”。例如：wh

20、at happened to you? 你怎么了？what happened to jim? 吉姆出什么事了？（2）英語中表示節(jié)日時須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：<1>表示“在節(jié)”用介詞on；<2>表示節(jié)日的每個詞的首字母大寫；<3>用day來表示“節(jié)”，且無冠詞；<4>一般用復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，如：teachers' day 教師節(jié)，children's day 兒童節(jié)，women's day 婦女節(jié)等；但也有用單數(shù)名詞所有格的，如：mother's day 母親節(jié)，father's day 父親節(jié)等。例如：do you

21、 often go to parks on children's day? 你們兒童節(jié)經(jīng)常去公園嗎？what do you usually do on new year's day? 新年你們通常干什么？do your friends play jokes on you on april fool's day? 你的朋友愚人節(jié)跟你開玩笑嗎？11welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole countrywell

22、es 是如此地讓人信任，以致于成百上千的人都相信了這個故事，進(jìn)而激起了全國性的恐慌。（1）so that句型中，so后面應(yīng)加一個形容詞或副詞，意為“如此以至于”e.g. this book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it這本書是如此的有趣以至于全班同學(xué)都想看看。（so形容詞）he ran so fast that i couldn't catch up with him他跑得那么快，以致于我跟不上他。（so副詞）sothat引導(dǎo)的是表示結(jié)果的狀語從句，但不“一定要死套”“如此以至于”的模式來譯成

23、漢語。e.g. it was so dark that he couldn't see the faces of his companions天太黑了，他不能看見同伴的臉。（2）so that 主要用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。其從句中的謂語動詞通常和can，may，should等情態(tài)動詞連用，而且主句和從句之間不使用逗號，意為“以便，使能夠”。e.g. they set out early so that they might arrive in time他們早早地出發(fā)以便按時到達(dá)。let's take the front seats so that we may see more

24、clearly我們坐在前排吧，以便可以看得更清楚。（3）set off 意為“出發(fā)，開始；引爆；襯托”。例如：they'll set off on a journey around the world他們將要出發(fā)環(huán)球旅行。use blue eyeshadow to set off your green eyes用藍(lán)色眼影襯托你的綠眼睛。與set有關(guān)的其他詞組：<1>set about sth“開始，著手”。例如：i must set about my packing我必須開始收拾行裝了。<2>set sbagainst sb“使某人和某人競爭、對抗”。例如：se

25、t yourself against her跟她競爭。<3>set in 開始 例如：the rainy season has set in雨季已開始了。<4>“set out” 出發(fā)，啟程 “set sth. out” 展示，陳列 例如：they set out at dawn他們在拂曉出發(fā)。he sets out his ideas clearly in his essay他在這篇文章中明確地列出了他的觀點(diǎn)。<5>set up“建立，設(shè)立”。例如：the memorial will be set up紀(jì)念碑要建成了。12because the spagh

26、etti farmers in italy had stopped growing spaghetti因為生產(chǎn)意大利面條的農(nóng)民停止了生產(chǎn)。辨析：stop doing 與stop to do stop doing 指的是“停止做”，即不做了；而stop to do 則是指“停下來去做”，即停下來的目的是去做，也就是開始做。例如：stop talking, let's begin our class不要講話了，我們開始上課。you are too fat and you must stop eating too much你太胖了，你不能吃那么多了。please stop to listen

27、 to me請停下來聽我說。the mother stopped to look after her baby那位母親停下來去照顧她的小寶寶。13she was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married她震驚了，因為她的確想結(jié)婚。（1）thrill為動詞“震顫，使激動”，多用于被動語態(tài)be thrilled，表示“很感動，受到震顫的”。例如：we were thrilled with joy我們高興極了。she was thrilled at the good news她聽到那個好消息很興奮。（2）want在此為動詞“想，想要”，其后

28、可跟名詞、代詞或動詞不定式to do。例如：do you want an icecream? 你想要個冰激凌嗎？i want some bread and milk我想要些面包和牛奶。tom wants to learn to play chinese chess湯姆想學(xué)下中國象棋。does lucy wants to learn to dance? 露茜想學(xué)跳舞嗎？（3）marry為動詞“嫁，娶，結(jié)婚”。表示“嫁給某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marry sb.。另外，詞組get married 意為“結(jié)婚”，但這是一個非延續(xù)性動詞，即它不能跟表示一段時間的詞連用。be married 也可以

29、用來表示“結(jié)婚”，它是一個延續(xù)性詞組，可以與表示一段時間的詞連用。例如：john is going to marry jane約翰要和簡結(jié)婚了。henry didn't marry until he was over fifty亨利直到過了50歲才結(jié)婚。when are you going to get married? 你準(zhǔn)備什么時候結(jié)婚？we have been married for ten years我們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚十年了。his uncle will get married next month他叔叔下個月結(jié)婚。五、語法知識1past perfect tense 過去完成時構(gòu)成：

30、had過去分詞（had沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化）過去完成時可以表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。也就是說發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。既然過去完成時的動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間之前，那么，使用過去完成時就必須先有這樣一個過去的時間。e.g. i had finished my homework before supper    我在晚飯前把作業(yè)做完了。句中的supper既是過去某一時間，而had finished 這一動作就是在supper 之前完成的。如果只說i had finished my homework聽者會覺得難以理解。由此可見，過去完成時是個相對的

31、時態(tài)，它不能離開過去的時間而獨(dú)立存在。e.g. by the end of that year henry had collected more than one thousand foreign stamps    到那年年底，亨利已經(jīng)收集了一千多張外國郵票。（過去時間是the end of that year）e.g. when we got there, the football match had already started    當(dāng)我們到那里時，足球比賽已經(jīng)開始了。（過去時間是when從句）動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成與一般過去式

32、的構(gòu)成相似，一般情況下在動詞詞尾加ed,特殊動詞須特殊記憶,如：havehadhad，getgotgotten，beginbeganbegun，leaveleftleft，gowentgone等。例如：she had learnt 2000 english words by the end of last month到上個月末，她已經(jīng)學(xué)了2000個英語單詞了。i hadn't learnt japanese before i went to japan我去日本之前沒學(xué)過日語。注意：過去完成時的否定句和疑問句直接通過had的變化即可。2when 和by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句by the time 到時候為止，指從過去某一點(diǎn)到，從句所示的時間為止，這一時間段。when當(dāng)時候，指過去的某一時間點(diǎn)。從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句為過去完成時。e.g. by the time she got up, her brother