Field survival

1、Wilderness survivalWang Mengqi. Guo Yilin. Song LIjie.Wilderness survival Wilderness survival is a kind of survival skill. Survival skills are techniques a person may use in a dangerous situation. Outdoor activities require basic wilderness survival skills, especially in handling emergency situation

2、s. Bushcraft(叢林謀生知 識(shí)和技能) and primitive living are most often self-implemented, but require many of the same skills. Technical essential Complementary energy Mental preparedness Learn to observe Complementary energy Water and salt are the main energy that people need complementary. Water: Without foo

3、d，people can live for three weeks, but people can not live without water even three day. Complementary energy Water: 1:More rest, less sport; 2:Dont smoke. 3:Stay at a cool place. 4:Dont lay in the hot place. 5:Dont eat anything especially axunge. It needs plenty of water. 6:Never drink alcohol. 7:D

4、ont talkdont breath by mouth.Complementary energy Salt: Salt is the human necessity. Every people need 10g salt everyday. Sweat and pee will take away salt. Manual labor will increase the consumption of salt. If there is no salt ,what can we do? In the coastal or offshore waters can be obtained from

5、 the sea. But do not directly drinking water, the water must be diluted. Salt crystals can be obtained by seawater.Complementary energy In the interior, we have to solve the problem of salt. In the pastoral areas, you can find a land which was lick by ox - but then you are able to find civilized env

6、ironment, less likely will continue to lack of salt. Salt is needed for all mammals, and attention should be paid to the observation of their movements.Complementary energy Some plants also contain salt. In North America, the best is the walnut roots; in Southeast Asia, you can use xiabailvs(夏柏櫚) ro

7、ot. If there is difficulty in finding salt directly, we can try the indirect method. Animal blood should not be abandoned at any time, because it is a useful source of mineral elements. Mental preparedness When disaster strikes, it can save itself only when it is active. So mental preparedness(心里準(zhǔn)備)

8、 is very Important to people active well. The mind and its processes are critical to survival. The will to live in a life and death situation often separates those that live and those that do not. Stories of heroic feats of survival by regular people with little or no training but a strong will to l

9、ive are not uncommon. Among them is Juliane Koepcke, who was the sole survivor among the 93 passengers when her plane crashed in the jungle of Peru. Mental preparedness Situations can be stressful to the level that even trained experts may be mentally affected. One should be mentally and physically

10、tough during a disaster. To the extent that stress results from testing human limits, the benefits of learning to function under stress and determining those limits may outweigh the downside of stress. There are certain strategies and mental tools that can help people cope better in a survival situa

11、tion.Learn to observe Dont destroy the balance of nature is very important in the field. Animals and plants in nature are delicate balance. Contact with nature, not to destroy this balance, dont discount flowers and dont catch birds. Enjoy nature, also should comply with the rules.Operation method W

12、ater source Get food The equipment Navigation(確認(rèn)方向確認(rèn)方向) Distress method(求救方法求救方法)Water source This requires extensive experience. By hearing, pay more attention to the foot of a mountain, cliff, basin bottom, whether there is the mountain streams or waterfalls and the sound of water, whether there h

13、as sounds of frogs and birds. But we must pay special attention to, dont treat the sound of wind leaves as the sound of water. Try as much as possible by the nose, to find the smell of damp . And then look for the source by the smell.Water source There are several common methods of water intake in t

14、he field: Terrain water intake（地形取水）（地形取水） Ice and snow water intake Sea ice water intake Rain Animals water intake Plant water intakeGet food Dont rely on the most readily available food. Which must include the nutritional ingredients of protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and other trace elemen

15、ts, as well as vitamins, etc., will be useful for energy consumption and nutritional balance. There are two main ways to obtain food in the wild. One is to hunt the wild animal, the other is a collection of wild plants. The hunting of wild animal in need under the guidance of experts after training

16、and practice after a long time to really master. The following is only a brief about edible insects and species of edible wild plants, edible methods.Get food At present, the world people in edible insects（可食用昆蟲） have snails, earthworms, ants, cicadas, cockroaches and crickets, butterflies, insects

17、on locust, etc.（蝸牛、蚯蚓、螞蟻、知了、蟑螂、蟋蟀、蝴蝶、蝗蟲子、等）But should pay attention to eat this insects, you must to cooked or baked it to avoid Parasite(寄生蟲) into the body. Edible(食用) wild plants including edible wild fruit, wild herbs, algae(藻類), lichens(地衣)， mushrooms, etc. The identification of edible wild plan

18、ts is the main content of the knowledge in the field. Wild herbs can be eaten after raw, fried, boiled or immersed.The equipment Survival kit(生存包) Often survival practitioners will carry with them a survival kit. This consists of various items they seem necessary or useful for short durations in the

19、 wilderness. Supplies in a survival kit normally contain items like a sharp knife (such as a Swiss Army Knife), matches, a first aid kit, fish hooks, a sewing kit and an LED flashlight. Often these items will have multiple possible uses as space and weight are often at a premium.The equipment First

20、aid kit（急救箱） In the wild, no one can predict what happens. A first aid kit can extend your life, be sure to take it with you. First aid kit is basically the following items: 1 bandage and tape 2 commonly used disinfectant: gentian violet (紫藥水), mercurochrome (紅藥水), alcohol(酒精)and iodine,(碘 酒) hydrog

21、en peroxide(雙氧水) 3 cotton ball 4 kinds of sick pills: such as stomach medicine etc. 5 snake poison(蛇藥) 6 other: eye drops, Tiger Balm, Fengyoujing, etc The equipment Other important equipments: Backpack, Rope(繩索), Climbing shoes (field survival shoes), Distilled vessel(蒸餾器皿), The flashlight and fluo

22、rescent stick(熒光棒), Compass(指南針), Survival of small portfolio tools , Watch, Communication tools (intercom 對講機(jī)), Tent, Sleeping bag and moisture pad(防潮墊), Fire tools, Kettle, Telescope(望遠(yuǎn)鏡), Radio, Camera, Spare food. etc.Navigation Survival situations can often be resolved by finding a way to safet

23、y, or a more suitable location to wait for rescue. Types of navigation include: Celestial navigation, using the sun and the night sky to locate the cardinal directions and to maintain course of travel Using a map, compass or GPS receiver Dead reckoning(航位推算) Natural navigation, using the condition o

24、f surrounding natural objects (i.e. moss on a tree, snow on a hill, direction of running water, etc.)Navigation These two pictures of the same tree trunk in the Northern Hemisphere are an example of a navigational terrain feature. The left picture shows the northern side of a trunk, where darker and

25、 more humid micro climatic conditions favor moss growth. The right picture is south, with sunnier and drier conditions, less favorable for moss growth. The shady side is not always opposite the noon side.Navigation If lost in the wilderness, you should stop immediately, calmly recall traversed by th

26、e road, trying to follow the every possible advantage sign, reset the direction, and then look for the road. The most reliable method is returned to the original starting point. Lost in the mountains, should climb afar, to determine what to direction. Usually should be towards the direction of low-l

27、ying, so easy to hit water, but most insurance along the river. If you encounter a fork in the road(遇到岔路口), you must first clear the direction you want to go, and then choose the correct path. If the direction of a few roads are roughly the same, you should go to the middle of the road, even if the wrong way, it will not be too fa