2019-2020學年高中英語語法專題5連詞教案(含解析)

1、學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精1 五、連詞連詞是虛詞，不能在句中單獨擔任成分，只起連接作用。 按其用法，連詞可分為兩大類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。1并列連詞連接具有并列關系的詞、短語或句子. 并列關系：and， not onlybut also ， bothand， neithernor如：i used to live in paris and london 。both jane and jim are interested in fishing.the weather here is neither too cold nor too hot.she is not only kind but also

2、 honest. 轉(zhuǎn)折關系： but,yet,while （然而） ，when（然而，偏偏 )如：the car is very old but it runs very fast。the problem was a little hard,yet i was able to work it out.the winter in beijing is very cold while that of kunming is warm.why did you borrow the book when you had one? 選擇關系： or，notbut，eitheror如：would you li

3、ke to live or would you like to stay?he is not a teacher but a writer 。you can come either on saturday or on sunday。學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2 因果關系： for如：it must have rained last night ，for the ground is wet now.the leaves of the trees are falling. for already autumn.5. 區(qū)別 and和 or 并列結構中， or 通常用于否定句 ,and 用于肯定句。

4、但有時 and 也可用于否定句。請注意其不同特點:如：there is no air or water in the moon 。there is no air and no water on the moon.在否定中并列結構用or 連接,但含有兩個否定詞的句子實際被看作是肯定結構，因此要用and。判斷改錯：（錯）we will die without air and water 。（錯）we cait live without air or water.（對）we will die without air or water 。（對）we cant live without air and

5、water. 表示選擇的并列結構 or 意思為“否則 。i must work hard,or i will fail in the exam 。 either,or 意思為”或者或者注意謂語動詞采用就近原則.either you or i am right.學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精3 表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?but 表示轉(zhuǎn)折， while 表示對比。some people love cats，while others hate them. notbut意思為“不是而是”not和 but 后面的用詞要遵循一致原則 .they were not the bones of an animal， but

6、（the bones ）of a human being 。 表原因關系 for 是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個分句中間 .判斷改錯 :（錯）for he is ill，he is absent today.（對）he is absent today ，for he is ill. so，therefore如：he hurt his leg, so he coudnt lplay in the game.注意：a。 兩個并列連詞不能連用，但therefore ，then，yet 可以和并列連詞連用。you can watch tv ， and /or you

7、can go to bed 。b.although ，yet 但 although不能與 but 連用。 注意：not only，but also 關聯(lián)兩個分句時， 一個分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝.如：not only does he like reading stories,but also he can even write some.neithernor 意思為 “既不也不“謂語動詞采用就近原則，學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精4 與 nor 后的詞保持一致。 比較 so和 such其規(guī)律由 so與 such的不同詞性決定 .such 是形容詞 ,修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾

8、形容詞或副詞 .so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞 many，few，much，little 連用，形成固定搭配。 so many 已成固定搭配， a lot of 雖相當于 many ，但 a lot of 為名詞性的,只能用 such搭配. so,that與 such，that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換即為so與 such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。2從屬連詞指在復合句中引導從句的連結詞. 常見的從屬連詞有 :引導時間狀語從句的 :after，before，when,as ，while，since ，until，till，as soon as學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精5 引導原因狀語從句的： because ，since ，as

9、引導讓步狀語從句的： although ，though，no matter（無論 )，even if (though)引導條件狀語從句的： if，unless ，once ，as (so ） long as引導結果狀語從句的： so，so that，sothat,such that引導目的狀語從句的： so，so that,in order that引導比較狀語從句的： as as ，not so (as ）,as,than引導方式狀語從句的： as ，as if,as though引導地點狀語從句的 :where,wherever引導名詞性從句（主語，賓語、表語或同位語從句）的連詞主要有:t

10、hat，whether，if 三個.其中 that和 whether間或還可以引起同位從句和狀語從句 . 某些用法比較特殊的從屬連詞用法區(qū)別 當 while,when,as 引導時間狀語從句時的區(qū)別： while 引導的狀語從句中動詞必須是延續(xù)性。謂語動詞多為進行時,或狀態(tài)動詞的一般時。 while 的這些用法可用 when代替，等于“at the time that”，“during the time that如：please keep quiet while（when）others are studying when 除可指一段時間外,還可用來指一點時間，等于“at the time;wh

11、en引出的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞可以是終止性的，也可以是延續(xù)性的。因此主句和從句的謂語可以是一般時,進行時，或完學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精6 成時。如：when i went into the lab,the teacher was doing an experiment.（不能用 while）he often makes mistakes when he is speaking english （then 可換成while） as ?？膳c when，while 通用，但強調(diào)“一邊、一邊”.如：as(when/while） i was walking down the street ， i

12、noticed a police car in front of number 37.when 引導的狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致，主、謂是“主語+系動詞”結構時 ,這時主語和系動詞可以省略.如：when （he was)young 。 he worked for a rich man.shell be here to give you help when （if it is）necessary. when有時代替 if,引導條件句，意為“如果“假如” .如:i ll come when (if )i m free。 before 作連詞一般表示時間 ,意為“在。之前” ,但有些句子中這樣譯

13、就顯得別扭 .試看以下句子的翻譯： he almost knocked me down before he saw.他且乎把我撞倒才看見我；before i could get in a word he had measure。沒來得及插話，他已經(jīng)給我量好了尺寸。 till，until 作為介詞式從屬連詞，只用于時間，引導時間狀語短語或狀語從句， 用于否定句時， 結構為 notuntil（till)主句謂語動詞延續(xù)與非延續(xù)皆可，意為“直到才”.用于肯定句時，只與延學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精7 續(xù)性動詞連用 ,表示“到為止”。如：they played volleyball until(till

14、 ）it got dark.they didn t talk(延續(xù)）until（till） the interpreter （譯員） came.he didnt go to bed( 非延續(xù)） until（till) the his father came back但是，until 可以放在句首 ,till 則不行。如:until the last minute of the match we kept on playing。not until he finished his work did he go home. （倒裝） because,since ，as引導原因狀語時注意使用上的區(qū)別:

15、 如果原因構成句子的最主要部分，一般用because 因此 because引導的從句往往放在句末。用why 提問的句子，一定用because 回答。如：he had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill. 如原因已為人們所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as, 或since 。since比 as更正式些 .as和 since引導的從句一般放在句子的開頭.如：as you are tired ，you had better rest/since everyone is here,now lets begin. although 和 thoug

16、h 引導讓步狀語從句往往用法一樣，但注意以下區(qū)別： although 用于各種文體，而though 則多用于非正式的口語或書面語中。注意由although ，though 引導的從句后，主句不能用but，但可用副詞 yet，still.如：although/though it rained all the morming, they still went on work學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精8 或 yet they went on working. though 常與 even連用,even though表示強調(diào)，意為“即使”,但不能說 even although.如： even thou

17、gh he didn t understand a word，i dept smiling。 though可用作副詞， 意為“然而 ，常用逗號與句子分開。 lthough 則不能這樣使用 ,它只作連詞。如：it was a quiet party ，i had a good time though 。 once作副詞譯“曾經(jīng) ，作為連詞譯“一旦” ，引導條件狀語從句 .相當于 f 的加強形式 .如： i don t believe he was once a thief。(once這是副詞）once aristotle（亞里士多德）had made up his mind that heavy

18、 objects always fell faster than light objects,he taugh as a truth to his students 。(once連詞） umless引導條件狀語從句等于ifnot如:hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. 在用 as if引導的方式狀語從句及表語從句中， 根據(jù)情況要使用虛擬語氣.例如：he talks as if he knew all about。但有時也可用直陳語氣。it looks as if it is going to rain 。 whether,if引導從

19、句的用法區(qū)別 : 引導主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句時，用whether, 不用 if.如：whether they will go to the great wall is not known 。the question is whether we can finish the task on time.學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精9 the question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. whether 可接不定式，而 if 則不可。如： i haven t decided whe

20、ther to leave or not. whether 可作介詞的賓語或置于句首表示強調(diào)，而if 則不可。如：everything depends on whether we have enough money。whether he will come,i am not sure. whether 和 if 均可引導賓語從句， whether 引導的賓語從句一般都是肯定句， if 引導的賓語從句可以是肯定的,也可以是否定的（此時不能用 whether） 。如：could you tell us whether/if it rains in winter in australia ？i wo

21、nder if it doesn t rain。 引導賓語從句的whether 和 if 常可與 or not 連用。連用時要注意or not 的位置，它一般與 whether、 if 分開使用 ,有時它可與 whether 合起來使用，但不能與if 合起來使用。如：i dont know whether/ if they will come or not.i don t know whether or not they will come. if 可用來引導條件狀語從句，譯“如果” ，whether則不行 .例如：if you work hard,you are sure to succee

22、d. as作從屬連詞可引導多種狀語從句。 as 引導時間狀語從句，意為“當時” 。例如： as (he was ）a young man，he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./he sang as he worked.學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精10 as 引導方式狀語從句，意為“像一樣”.例如:we must do as the party teaches us。 as引導原因狀語從句，意為“由于”.例如：as you are tired ，you had better rest 。 as i引導讓步狀語從句。意為“雖然” “盡管” 。例如:

23、child as he is,he can do it well.（=although he is a child ， he can do it well。)另外,as做為關系代詞還可以引導定語從句，如：i have the same book as you 。?while 的考察點 考查表示時間的用法，其意為“當,的時候” 。如:we must strike while the iron is hot. 截們要趁熱打鐵。stand still while i take your photograph.我給你拍照時站著不要動。have we got enough books to read while we are on holiday？假期里我們有足夠的書看嗎 ? 考查表示讓步的用法， 其意為“盡管” “雖然” 。如：while the work was difficult，it was interesting 。雖然工作有難度，但很有趣。while i understand what you say