高三一?？紱_刺講義-概要寫作專題-唐薇-學(xué)生版(共16頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精銳教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義學(xué)員姓名： 年 級：高 三 課 時 數(shù)： 3輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)科教師：授課內(nèi)容Summary+多項綜合練習(xí)教學(xué)內(nèi)容Summary Writing【知識梳理1】從評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看概要寫作要求概要寫作評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檔次內(nèi)容語言A55B44C33D22E11F00評分細(xì)則: 1. 本題總分為10分, 其中內(nèi)容5分, 語言5分。2. 評分時應(yīng)注意的主要方面: 內(nèi)容要點、信息呈現(xiàn)的連貫性和準(zhǔn)確性。3. 詞數(shù)超過60，酌情扣分。  各檔次給分要求: 內(nèi)容部分A. 能準(zhǔn)確、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵蓋主要信息。B. 能準(zhǔn)確概括文章主旨大意，但遺漏個別主要信息

2、。C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遺漏部分主要信息。D. 未能準(zhǔn)確概括文章主旨大意，遺漏較多主要信息或留有過多細(xì)節(jié)信息。E. 幾乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意義的相關(guān)信息。F. 完全未作答或作答與本題無關(guān)。語言部分A. 能用自己的語言連貫、正確地表述。B. 能用自己的語言較連貫、正確地表述，但有個別語言錯誤。C. 基本能用自己的語言連貫、正確地表述，但連貫性較差，且有少量不影響表意的語言錯誤。D. 基本能用自己的語言表述，但連貫性較差，且嚴(yán)重語言錯誤較多。E. 幾乎不能用自己的語言連貫、正確地表述。F. 完全未作答或作答與本題無關(guān)【知識梳理2】如何尋找主要信息概要寫作的第一個要求就是對短

3、文進(jìn)行概括，它是一個獲取信息、加工信息的過程，需要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S和準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)能力，而且要使用自己的語言來表達(dá)。因此，“概括短文的內(nèi)容”，實際上就是客觀簡要地轉(zhuǎn)述作者的論點、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。根據(jù)不同文體，我們把它歸納為“主題句+支撐句”的概括模式。不同文體，它的概括模式略有區(qū)別。1. 【記敘文】記敘文主要是記敘所發(fā)生的事情和經(jīng)歷。常見的形式有：故事、日記、新聞報道、游記等。記敘文通常要交待清楚五要素的內(nèi)容，即where, when, what, who, how。期中最重要的是某人（who）做了何事（what）。若是夾敘夾議的文章，還要加上作者的看法、觀點、經(jīng)驗或感悟。事情的敘述通常按時間的順序敘述，讓

4、讀者易于把握所敘述內(nèi)容之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)，寫人的記敘文總結(jié)要對在于抓住人物主要特點或事跡。2.【議論文】議論文通常用來講明道理、議論是非、提出觀點和看法。因此，議論文的概要寫作首先是要找出議論文三要素，即論點，論據(jù)和結(jié)論。其關(guān)鍵是找出主題句或結(jié)論句。而這種文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)、分總結(jié)構(gòu)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)等。因此我們通常在首段或尾段，或者再各段的首句和尾句找論點。若文中有一分為二（即對立觀點）的觀點，兩種觀點都要概括，不要有所偏漏。3. 【說明文】說明文主要可以分為兩類：一類是說明某個事物，作者可能以時間順序來介紹事物的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展與演變等過程，也可能通過說明事物的優(yōu)缺點等特征特點及用途來說明該事物。

5、另一類是說明某個現(xiàn)象，這是你需要找出“現(xiàn)象”是什么，“造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因”以及“解決這種現(xiàn)象或問題的措施或建議”?！局R梳理3】如何縮句和改寫一、縮句1）刪除細(xì)節(jié)。只保留主要觀點。 例1：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括為：“He was very brave in battle.” 例2：“Around the world，music therapy(療法) is being used to treat different medical conditions and il

6、lnesses.” (2017奉賢一模)可以概括為：“Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness.”2) 選擇一至兩個例子。原文中可能包括5個或更多的例子，你只需從中篩選一至二個例子。 例：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.”可以概括為：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai were once visited by

7、 a few people.”3) 避免重復(fù)。在原文中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個主題，可能會重復(fù)論證說明。但是這在摘要中是不能使用的。應(yīng)該刪除那些突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的重述句。例：“A new study from the University of Toronto suggests that fast food might make it harder to stop and smell the roses. Researchers pointed out that the Americans have gained more and more leisure time, yet they arent any ha

8、ppier. The problem could be that modern conveniences make us more impatient, and therefore less able to appreciate small moments of joy.”（是對于前面兩句的重復(fù)論證）可以概括為：“A new study shows that fast food will affect peoples ability to appreciate beauty, thus making them less happy.”4）使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞例1：“At least t

9、hat might give us the chance to stock up on vitamins and wrap up warm before the germ attacks! ”可以概括為：“Users can take some measures to prevent disease.”例2： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them dur

10、ing the winter vocation.” 可以概括為：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”5）把長段的描述變成短小、簡單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個句子，那么你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。例1：“After monitoring 40 smart watch users for up to two years, the team has demonstrated that the devices can be used to detect the first signs of comin

11、g illness. The participants pulse and skin temperature were continuously monitored. Continuous tracking of your vital signs is more informative than having a doctor measure them once a year.” 可以概括為：“Having followed some users for 24 months and monitored their pulse and skin temperature constantly, t

12、he team draws a conclusion that a constant record of necessary data is superior to a regular check-up . ”6）使用最短的連接詞。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等較長的連接詞。通常，使用分號就能夠達(dá)成使用連接詞的效果。二、改寫1）同義替換例：“A good story encourages us to

13、 turn the next page and read more. ”(2017寶山一模)可以概括為：“An interesting story motivates/inspires us to read continuously.”2）改變詞性例：Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organize an event with your friends. (2017嘉定長寧一模)可以概括為：“Moreover, they facilitate the organization of

14、various events. ”3）改變語態(tài)例：“Researchers carried out a few different tests focused on fast foods to test the theory.”可以概括為：“The theory was based on some tests.”4) 用介詞短語，名詞短語，非謂語等改變句式例1：“The survey concluded that another reason why people don't want to be teachers is that.” （普陀區(qū)2016高三一?？迹┛梢愿爬椋骸癟he

15、survey concluded that another reason of people's unwillingness to be teachers is that.”例2：“The girl who stood in the corner was wearing make-up.”可以概括為：“The girl standing in the corner was wearing make-up. ”例3：“The stranger, after he had discarded his jacket, moved threateningly towards

16、 me. ”可以概括為：“The stranger, having discarded his jacket, moved threateningly towards me. ”例4：“If you are still anxious ,there is no harm in indulging（放任）in a personal routine. ”（2016虹口一模）可以概括為：“If still anxious, you can spend your time on your own routine. ”【總結(jié)】概要寫作三步走第一步：閱讀A. 認(rèn)真閱讀給定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多

17、讀兩遍。閱讀次數(shù)越多，你對原文的理解就越深刻。B.該決定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。對重要部分的主要觀點進(jìn)行概括。C. 簡要地記下主要觀點主題、標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)等你認(rèn)為對概括摘要重要的東西。第二步：動手寫作A. 摘要應(yīng)盡量用自己的話完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 應(yīng)該遵循原文的邏輯順序。這樣你就不必重新組織觀點、事實。C. 摘要必須全面、清晰地表明原文所載的信息，以便你的讀者不需翻閱原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 寫摘要時可以采用上述提及的技巧，確保少于60詞。第三步：修改成文首先，與原文比較看是否把所有重要的觀點都概括了，摘要中的觀點是否與原文中的完全一致。第二，檢查拼寫、語法和

18、標(biāo)點符號的錯誤。最后，保持語言簡單明了。另外，可以通過以下四個方面來核對(checklist)寫好的摘要。1. Does the summary include the main points? （是否涵蓋全部要點）2. Are words or sentences copied or your own words? （是否是自己的話）3. Are transitional words used to make writing coherent? （是否使用了銜接詞）4. Are all the sentences, spelling, and punctuation marks correc

19、t? （是否有語法，拼寫錯誤）【記敘文】Everyday Heroes: The Preteen TranslatorOn a cold afternoon in January 2015, Yesenia Diosdado, 11, got off a school bus in Lenexa, Kansas, near the apartment building where she lives with her family. When the bus pulled away, Yesenia saw police and emergency workers looking after

20、victims of a three-car accident that had occurred at a busy intersection nearby. Yesenia joined a small crowed of onlookers across the street.She worried using sign language, but he couldnt understand her. I heard him ask for an interpreter, Yesenia says.She ran over to the nurse to helpher mother,

21、a former sign language interpreter, had taught her and her sisters how to sign ( no one in the family is hearing weakened).She said, “I sign. Can I help” says EMA captain Chris Winger. I was knocked down.Yesenia was able to replay to the emergency personnel that the womans neck was injured and tell

22、them the name of the local hospital she preferred. She looked really hurt, says Yesenia. Im proud that I got to do something to help.When her mother, Susan Milidore, 36, heard about Yesenias heroics, she wasnt surprised. Its in her nature to help, says Susan. I was impressed that she recognized the

23、seriousness of the situation and took charge. Most adults wouldnt have done that.A few weeks later, paramedics presented Yesenia with a gold coin and a certificate of appreciation at her elementary school.My mom always says that you never know when sign language might come in handy, says Yesenia. Th

24、at day, it did._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （60）_ _ 【議論文】If Youve ever sent an email that started with the words"Just sending a friendly reminder to please."we have some bad news for you: It probably backfired

25、. Not only are 'friendly reminder"emails one of the annoying email habits you have, but everyone also secretly hates them.To you, a reminder email could simply be 'a friendly way to ask for something that's late,"Fast Company writes. But unfortunately, that might not be the mes

26、sage coming across to your coworkers. You need to quit this bad email habit and stop sending them immediately. And here's why.For one, if you use "hedge words" such as"kind of,'"'maybe,'"probably."Etc. They will decrease your credibility with your cowork

27、ers. Although you might insert those phrases for a softer tone, they also make you sound insecure and unconfident. Be clear with your choice of words, choosing the straightforward"sending a reminder,"instead. Trust us, your employees will appreciate the directness.But that's not even t

28、he worst part. It's also easy for those reminder emails to get lost in people's inboxes, if not ignored immediately. With countless emails flooding in per day, yours could easily get lost in the shuffle. Very likely, your coworkers will hit the"delete " button.Still, you need to ge

29、t their attention somehow, right? After all, you have a job to do : Once you send the classic reminder email, try scheduling a meeting with the person via calendar invite. Even resending the original email with a red "utgent" flag could do the trick. Doing so ispractically guaranteed to ge

30、t the message across-and still save face with your coworkers.(七寶中學(xué)2017十月月考)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （60）_ _ 【說明文】It's not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going

31、to a tutor. "I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It's costly," says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, "after finding out half my daughter's class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead"

32、;Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. "When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework d

33、one." Tutoring isn't simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year. Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worrie

34、d schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education hav

35、e had an impact.Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. "A lot of parents just dont have time to help their children with homework," says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. "Others couldn't help their chi

36、ldren after Grade 3." There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. "Children used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor," Diamond says. "Now it's becoming the norm to have one." Children don't seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so

37、many of her childs classmates have tutors. "For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need," she says. Still, shes now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.（2017高三上八校聯(lián)考）_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

38、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （60）_ _ 綜合練習(xí)【語法填空】*2（1）Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the wor

39、ld history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome. The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _ means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance. The Romance languages (23) _(com

40、pose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) _ their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)_ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most l

41、anguage experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages. Medieval Romances were tales (26) _(write) primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) _(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th

42、 century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does

43、 it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what

44、the world calls a romance.”(2017八校聯(lián)考)（2）From classics to moviesHe can recite Shakespeares Hamlet from memory. His favorite ancient myth is The Odyssey. Tom Hiddleston, 32, could have been a popular professor teaching English Literature at (21) _ university, but the well-educated British man chose to

45、 do something that he loves even more: acting. Hes well-known around the world as the villain Loki from the Hollywood films Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012) and now Thor: The Dark World, which will come out in China on Nov 8. Hiddlestons role as Thors evil brother has led his fans “Hiddlestoners” (2

46、2) _ (refer) to him as “the most charming villain” in cinema. (23) _ his charm, Hiddleston had a tough time (24) _ (persuade) his scientist father that acting was a worthwhile job. As a student at Eton, a private school for upper-class kids in England, Hiddleston performed in a lot of school plays.

47、At 18, he appeared on stage at the Edinburgh International Festival. “It was the first time that people I knew and loved and respected came up to me after the show and said: You could really do this (25) _ you wanted to,” Hiddleston told the Daily Mail. He said that as a teenager he didnt have much

48、self-esteem, but acting gave him confidence. “It was when they started saying I could do it (26) _ I really committed to it as a possibility,” he continued. However, his father did not approve, believing his polite and bright son should be using his brains for (27) _ else. “Youve been educated, so w

49、hy do you want to spend your life pretending to be someone else when you could be your own man?” the father told the son. So, instead of going to drama school, Hiddleston went to Cambridge, (28) _ he studied classics. There, he continued to appear in student plays and even landed some roles on TV an

50、d in local theaters. He managed to balance his acting and his studies so well that he (29) _ (graduate) with a first-class degree. But Hiddlestons international breakthrough came when he auditioned for the 2011 film Thor. He was desperate to play the title superhero, but the director decided that he

51、 was (30) _ (suitable) for the part of the villain, Loki. In the end, his dark and powerful performance won over his father. It also earned him some important fans in the film industry: Steven Spielberg and Woody Allen. The two world-famous directors asked him to star in their award-winning films Wa

52、r Horse (2011) and Midnight in Paris (2011), respectively.【十一選十】*2（1）A. disordersB. signalsC. beneficial D. frequent E. influence F. process G. collected H. associated I. estimated J. positively K. relatively Scientists have some great news for those who love coffee, tea and wine: Having any of thes

53、e drinks is 31 with a healthier and more diverse(多樣性) community of microbes(微生物) living in the gut(腸道).The opposite is true for consuming sugary drinks and whole milk, as well as for eating a lot of carbohydrates and taking 32 snacks, researchers reported in the journal Science.“In total we found 60

54、 food-related factors that 33 diversity,” Dr. Alexandra Zhernakova, the first author of the study, said in a statement. Your microbiome is the community of mostly 34 bacteria, fungi and viruses that live on and in your body. These microscopic organisms help you 35 food and regulate your immune system(免疫系統(tǒng)). Experts believe that the make-up of a persons microbial commu