2020年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)講解與真題分析專(zhuān)題21：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(四)附答案

1、2020 年高考語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)講解與真題分析21 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（四）考點(diǎn)六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式和分詞都能作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，首先要判斷用不定式還是分詞，然后再確定不定式或分詞的形式。1感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞（主要有see, hear, notice, feel, watch, observe等）和使役動(dòng)詞（主要有make, let, have 等）跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式不能帶to，但用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)(let, have 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))時(shí)，不定式要帶to。1. let those in need that we will go all out to help them. (2013陜西 ) a. to understan

2、d b. understand c. understanding d. understood 【答案】 b 【解析】 let 后接不帶 to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，意為“ 讓某人做某事 ” 。句意：讓那些需要幫助的人們明白，我們會(huì)竭盡全力幫助他們的。2. the director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. （2008 全國(guó)）a. picked up b. picks up c. pick up d. picking up 【答案】 c 【解析】 have 在此是使役動(dòng)詞，后接不帶to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，意為“ 讓某

3、人做某事” 。2動(dòng)詞 advise, allow, ask, beg, believe, consider, declare, discover, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, imagine, intend, invite, judge, know, order, permit, persuade, prove, require, suppose, teach, tell, think, want, warn, wish, understand等接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，跟帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，要注意判斷是作賓語(yǔ)還是作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；help 后跟

4、不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，可帶to 也可不帶。as jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt allowed _ into the sports club. (2012上海 ) a. going b. to go c. go d. gone 【答案】 c 【解析】 wasn t allowed是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后應(yīng)接不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。3. 感官動(dòng)詞跟現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行狀態(tài)，跟不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。1. listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _ live i

5、s quite another. (2015浙江 ) a. perform b. performing c. to perform d. being performed 【答案】 d 【解析】 hear 后接不帶to 的不定式或分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這里表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，且 it(指 music)與 perform之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式。2. the manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort. （2014 四川）a. having developed b. to develop c. de

6、veloped d. develop 【答案】 c 【解析】這里作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和完成，故用過(guò)去分詞。3. i looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (2012四川 ) a. to wind b. wind c. winding d. wound 【答案】 c 【解析】 notice 后接不帶to 的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這里表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。4現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，常表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或表示被動(dòng)。不定式

7、作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)常常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。1. back from his two-year medical service in africa, dr. lee was very happy to see his mother _ good care of at home. （2015 陜西）a. taking b. taken c. take d. be taken 【答案】 b 【解析】作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，且邏輯主語(yǔ)his mother 與 take care of 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。2. when we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend

8、the holiday at home. (2013北京 ) a. block b. to block c. blocking d. blocked 【答案】 c 【解析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，與邏輯主語(yǔ)block 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示完成，故用過(guò)去分詞。3. michael put up a picture of yao ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. (2011 重慶 ) a. reminding b. to remind c. reminded d. remind 【答案】 c 【解析】分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。邏

9、輯主語(yǔ)himself 與 remind 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。5have 用作使役動(dòng)詞，后可接不帶to 的不定式，也可接現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，應(yīng)注意它們表達(dá)的不同含義： have sb do sth 表示 “ 使某人做 ” ，have sb /sth doing表示 “ 使 處于 狀態(tài) ” ，have sth done 表示 “ 讓他人做” 或“ 使遭受 ” 。get sth done 也有這給用法。1. i need a new passport so i will have to have my photographs_. (2018天津 ) a. taking b. taken

10、c. being taken d. take 【答案】 b 【解析】 have sth done 意為 “ 讓他人做某事” 。2. before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _. (2012四川 ) a. washed b. wash c. washing d. to wash 【答案】 a 【解析】 your car 和 wash 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。3. claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. (2011 陜西 ) a. c

11、heck b. checking c. to check d. checked 【答案】 d 【解析】 have sth done 意為 “ 讓他人做某事” 。6. 在“ with+ 賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ” 結(jié)構(gòu)中，常對(duì)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式進(jìn)行考查。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示被動(dòng)或完成時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞，表示將來(lái)時(shí)，用不定式。另外還考查這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇。1. chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries_ its role in international affairs. (2019天津 ) a. r

12、ecognizing b. being recognized c. to be recognized d. recognized 【答案】 a 【解析】這里是“with+ 賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ” 結(jié)構(gòu)；這里表示主動(dòng)，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。2. i couldn t do my homework with all that noise _ _. (2012 北京 ) agoing on bgoes on c went on d. to go on 【答案】 a 【解析】這里是“with+ 賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ” 結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；這里表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。3. the old couple

13、 often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. (2012 遼寧 ) a. to follow b. following c. followed d. follows 【答案】 b 【解析】這里是“with+ 賓語(yǔ) +賓補(bǔ) ” 結(jié)構(gòu)， their pet dog 與 follow 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。4. the living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.（2010

14、山東）a. laid b. laying c. to lay d. being laid 【答案】 a 【解析】這里是“with +賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ” 結(jié)構(gòu)。 lay 與 table 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示完成的動(dòng)作，故用過(guò)去分詞。5. you have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (2008福建 ) a. for b. when c. with d. while 【答案】 c 【解析】選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)是介詞，兩項(xiàng)是連詞，因此做此題時(shí)，首先要搞清楚空格后是句子還是短語(yǔ)，如果是句子，就選擇連詞

15、， 如果是短語(yǔ)， 就選擇介詞。 如果是句子， 則應(yīng)當(dāng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)是was wounded ，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)是短語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用介詞。her foot 是介詞賓語(yǔ)， wounded 是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，能跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的介詞只有with ?？键c(diǎn)七非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式，省略及其復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式都是在其前加not 等否定詞。1. _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. (2013四川 ) a. not knowing b. knowing not c. not known d. known not 【答案

16、】 a 【解析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式是在其前面加not ，排除 b，d；邏輯主語(yǔ)the girl 與 know 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。2. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （2010 全國(guó)）a. not completing b. not completed c. not having completed d. having not completed 【答案】 c 【解析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式是在其前面加not ，排除 d；邏輯主語(yǔ)they 與 complete 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞； com

17、plete 的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在have to stay 之前，用于完成式。3. the lawyer listened with full attention, _ to miss any point. (2010四川 ) a. not trying b. trying not c. to try not d. not to try 【答案】 b 【解析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用分詞。根據(jù)句意，分詞應(yīng)用肯定式，不定式應(yīng)用否定式。2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的省略主要考查的是不定式的省略。不定式的省略記住一個(gè)原則：省略不定式時(shí)，不定式的符號(hào)to 要保留。the driver wanted to park his

18、 car near the roadside but was asked by the police _(2013全國(guó) i) a . not to do b. not to c. not do d. do not 【答案】 b 【解析】這里是不定式not to park his car near the roadside 的省略，省略不定式時(shí)，不定式符合要保留。3. 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由“ for/of sb. to do sth. ”構(gòu)成，該結(jié)構(gòu)前的形容詞說(shuō)明人的特征時(shí)用，說(shuō)明物的特征時(shí)用for ；動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由“ 名詞所有格（或物主代詞）+動(dòng)名詞 ” 構(gòu)成，在口語(yǔ)中，尤其當(dāng)名詞指物時(shí)常用

19、名詞的普通格來(lái)代替所有格，用代詞賓格來(lái)代替物主代詞。1. it s standard practice for a company like this one _ a security officer. （2014 山東）a. employed b. being employed c. to employ d. employs 【答案】 c 【解析】這里是不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，故用不定式。2. nothing is so easy as _ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high. (2012福建 ) a. of

20、 b. to c. by d. for 【答案】 d 【解析】這里是不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由“for/of sb to do sth”，該結(jié)構(gòu)前的形容詞說(shuō)明人的特征時(shí)用 of，說(shuō)明物的特征時(shí)用for。本題形容詞easy 修飾物，故介詞用for。3. i really can t understand _ her like that. （2010 安徽）a. you treat b. you to treat c. why treat d. you treating 【答案】 d 【解析】這里是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，用賓格代詞you 代替物主代詞your。4. at the beg

21、inning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.（2009 全國(guó)）a. opened and closed b. to be opened and closed c. being opened and closed d. to open and close 【答案】 c 【解析】動(dòng)名詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)desks構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞of 的賓語(yǔ)。desks與 open, close 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。5. victor apologized for _ to inform me

22、of the change in the plan. （2009 上海）a. his being not able b. him not to be able c. his not being able d. him to be not able 【答案】 c 【解析】這里是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞for 的賓語(yǔ)，其否定式是在動(dòng)名詞前加not 。鞏固練習(xí)：1. excuse me sir, where is room 301? just a minute. i ll have bob _ you to your room. a. show b. shows c. to show d. showi

23、ng 【答案】 a 【解析】 have 后接不帶to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。2. to learn english well, we should find opportunities to hear english _ as much as we can. a. speak. b. speaking c. spoken d. to speak 【答案】 c 【解析】作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，與english之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。3. after a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. a. calling b.

24、called c. being called d. to call 【答案】 a 【解析】分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；邏輯主語(yǔ)his mother s voice與 call 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。4. nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _. a. reusing b. reused c. reuses d. to be reused 【答案】 d 【解析】這里是不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)后置，it 是形式賓語(yǔ)。 it 與 reuse 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)式。5. the disco

25、very of new evidence led to _. a. the thief having caught b. catch the thief c. the thief being caught d. the thief to be caught 【答案】 c 【解析】這里是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，the thief 與 catch 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。6. they use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly. a. being run b. run c. to run d. running 【答案】 d 【解析】分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。邏輯主語(yǔ)the traffic 與 run 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。7. she wants her paintings _ in the gallery, but we don