延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞-講解與練習(xí)

1、短暫性動詞，延續(xù)性動詞及現(xiàn)在完成時 姓名：_短暫性動詞（終止性動詞），是指動作一旦發(fā)生就很快就結(jié)束。它不能和一段時間連用。這類動詞有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；短暫性動詞的肯定式不能及表示一段時間的for或since或how long等狀語連用。但是，在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。延續(xù)性動詞 是指動作發(fā)生后還可以延續(xù)一段時間或者相當(dāng)長的一段時間。如：live, work, study, learn, sleep等，延續(xù)性動詞可以和表示一段的時間狀語連用。值得注意的是，表示一段時間的狀語除了“f

2、or+一段時間”外，還有since+n./從句（時間點），since+時間段+ago，疑問詞how long ，in the past+時間段，all these+時間段，fromto（時間點）以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如：1. 這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 The old man has died for ten years.（× ）（die“死”短暫性動詞，不能及for+一段時間連用） The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.（）（diebe dead，die是短暫性動詞，表示死的動作，這

3、個動作很快就結(jié)束了，變成了表示狀態(tài)的be dead，dead是die 的形容詞，表示死了的狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）2.我買了這塊手表五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years.（× ）（buy“買”短暫性動詞，不能及for+一段時間連用）I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. （）（buyhave，buy這個動作在付完錢已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，買完后是擁有have的狀態(tài)，have可以延續(xù)）3.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 I have left hometown for 10 years.（&#

4、215;）（leave“離開”短暫性動詞，不能及for+一段時間連用） I have been away from hometown for 10 years.（）（leavebe away，leave這個動作在走了的時候已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，走了以后，是我不在這里的狀態(tài)，be away表示不在，離開的狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以及時間段連用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。如果短暫性動詞及表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，必須將短暫

5、性動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：buy / get have, borrow keep，have die be dead finish be over,Close be closed leave be away （from）open be open marrybe married fall asleep be asleep fall (get) illbe illgo out be out get up be upput on wear/be on Move tolive in come/go/become be go to schoolbe in sch

6、ool/be a student begin/start be on begin to studystudyGet to know know wake/wake up be awake Lose/die/sell/leave be gone catch/get a cold have a coldjoin /take part in be in/be a member of come/arrive/reach/get tobe in return to/come back to/go back tobe back(to)come(arrive,reach,get) here/go (arriv

7、e,reach,get) therebe here (there)練習(xí)：一、找出下列句子中的短暫性動詞和對應(yīng)句子中的延續(xù)性動詞。例：He died 10 years ago. / He has been dead for 10 years. diebe dead1. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. /He has kept the book for 2 weeks._2.He bought the bike a month ago. /He has had the bike for a month. _3.He arrived here last year.

8、/He has been here since last year. _4. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. /The light has been on for 2 hours._5. He left here 2 years ago. /He has been away from here for 2 years. _6. The film began 30 minutes ago. /The film has been on for 30 minutes._7.They opened the door an hour ago. /The doo

9、r has been open for an hour._8. They closed the door an hour ago. /The door has been closed for an hour._二、選擇題。( )1.Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died( )2.It's six weeks _ I met you last. A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. For( )3.His father _ the Party s

10、ince 1978 .A.joined B. has joined C.was in .D.has been in( )4.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made( )5.Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . Began( )6.It _ ten years since he left the arm

11、y. . is . has . will . Was( )7.His uncle_for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the city( )8.How long has Robert _? Since 2019. A. been in Beijing B. become a policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school ( )9.His father_the Party s

12、ince 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in( )10.-How long have you _ the library book ?-For about two weeks . A. borrow B. borrowed C. are borrowing D. kept( )11.-How long has he_ this car? -For two years. A. buy B. bought C. had D. buys( )12.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus

13、 _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away( )13The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened( )14. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become( )15. You mustn't

14、 _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be leftD. have left( )16.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been overD. ended( )17.7. Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taughtD. taught( )18.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. ha

15、s been B. has become C. was D. became( )19.I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returnedD. am returned( )20. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been deadD. did, died( )21. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept( )22.-Ho

16、w long _ you _ ill? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been D. have, had( )23.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away fromD. Left( )24.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take D. took( )25.The bus _ on

17、the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has beenD. is( )26.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on( )27.He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up D. is up( )28. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches

18、 C. has caught D. has had( )29.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away( )30. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept( )31. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D.

19、 been( )32. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C.when I was 2. D. my age was 6.二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：寫出下列句子的同義句。例如. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 2019.Mr. Li has taught English in this school since 2019.2. The factory opened ten years ago. The factory _ _ _ for ten years.3. John left Beijing three years ago. John_ _ _ _ Beijing _ three years.4. His company opened in 2019. His company _ _ _ since 2019.5. My father bought the car half a year ago.My father _ _ the car _ half a year.6. We got to know each other for about 15 years. We _ _