英國(guó)文學(xué)史-名詞解釋95110

1、名詞解釋Heroic Couplet : a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, and written in an elevated style.1 Renaissance:a revival or rebirthof the artistic and scientificrevivalwhich originated inItaly in the14th century and graduallyspread all over Europe. Ithas twofeatures: a thirstingc

2、uriosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.2 Sonnet:14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.3 Blank verse:poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.4 Neoclassicism: the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Ro

3、man works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism.5 Sentimentalism: it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18 th century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions, and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over

4、 thinking, passion over reason.6 Romanticism:imagination,emotionand freedomare certainlythe focalpointsofromanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society;

5、 the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature.7 Lake Poets : the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake District at the beginning of the 19 th century.8 Byronic Heroes: a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character( enthusiasm

6、, persistence, pursuing freedom), named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron.9 Realism: seeks to portray familiar characters, situations, and settings in a realistic manner. This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.10 Aes

7、theticism: an art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.11 Stream-of-Consciousness: it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification

8、 by the author. It is a narrative mode.12 Dramatic Monologue : a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.13 Iambic Pentameter : a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by

9、 a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb.14 Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.15 Elegy: a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament over the passing

10、of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem.16 Canto:a section of a long poem. The cantos can be a great poem17 Ode: a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subjects. Odes are written for a special occas

11、ion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.Spenserian Stanza: a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an Alexandrine. Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc. This stanza was common to travel literature.18 Metrical Pattern : a lyric poem of five 14-lined stanz

12、as containing four tercets and a closing couplet. The rhyme scheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee.精品文庫(kù)文學(xué)史中古時(shí)期1.Beowulf 貝奧武甫 : the natural epic of the English people; Denmark story, alliteration, metaphor, understatements2.Sir Gawain and Green Knight 高文爵士和綠衣騎士3.Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里 喬叟）： the Father of English

13、 Poetry; The Canterbury Tales 埃特伯雷故事集（ 24stories)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期1.Thomas More : Utopia烏托邦 - the communication between more and the traveler which just came back from Utopia.2.Francis Bacon: the first English Essayist; Essays 隨 筆 集 - Of Studies, Of Truth (philosophical and literary works)3.Thus Wyatt :first t

14、o introduce the sonnet into English literature.4.Edmund Spenser :Poet's poet; The Fairy Queen仙后 (to Queen Elizabeth I)5.William Shakespeare :Sonnet 18(Shall I compare thee to a summer's day)17 世紀(jì)英國(guó)文學(xué)1.John Donne: the leading poet of Metaphysical school of poetry; A Valediction: Forbidding Mo

15、urning 分離：莫憂(yōu)傷2.John Milton : Paradise Lost失樂(lè)園（a revolt against God's authority), Paradise Regained 復(fù)樂(lè)園（ how Christ overcame Santa) stories were taken from Bible3.John Bunyan : the son of Renaissance; Pilgrim's Progress 天路歷程 (imagination, shadowing, realistic religious allegory)18 世紀(jì)英國(guó)文學(xué)Novel

16、 ：1.the age of reason, classicism, sentimentalism and romanticism (novels, prose, dramas, poetry)2.Daniel Defoe : representative of English realistic novel; Robinson Crusoe魯濱遜漂流記 (the development of a young man from a naive and artless youth to a clever and hardened man) 3.Jonathan Swift: Gulliver&#

17、39;s Travels 格列佛游記 (fictional, satirical- human nature, the European Government, the differences between religions, whole English state system)4.Henry Fielding : the Father of English novel; The History of Tome Jones, a Foundling 湯姆 瓊斯， satiricPoetry：5.Thomas Gray :Elegy Written in a Country Churchy

18、ard墓園挽歌6.Alexander Pope :perfected in heroic couplet; An Essay on Criticism論批評(píng)7.William Blake : pre-romantic; Songs of Innonce 天真之歌， Songs of Experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌 -London, The Tiger8.Robert Burns :A Red Red Rose一朵紅紅的玫瑰Drama:9.Richard Brinsley Sheridan :Master of Comedy of manners;The School for Scandal 造謠

19、學(xué)校歡迎下載2精品文庫(kù)浪漫主義時(shí)期1798-18321.William Wordsworth : the Lake Poets; The Prelude序曲；I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud我似流云天自游 ；The Solitary Reaper孤寂的割麥女 ；features: poet of nature and human heart 2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge : the first critic of the Romantic school; The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子詠3.George Go

20、rdon Byron : vigorous, strong and beautiful; Childe Harold's Pilgrimage 恰爾德哈羅爾德游記 (spenserian stanza, fights for liberty); Don Juan 唐 璜 (a broad critical picture of European life); When We Two Parted 昔日依依別 ；She Walks in Beauty她走在美的光影中； The Isles of Greece哀希臘4.Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the Wes

21、t Wind 西風(fēng)頌 -贊頌西風(fēng)，希望與其緊密相連 ; Prometheus Unbound解放了的普羅米修斯 (the victory for man's struggle against tyranny and oppression)5.John Keats: sensuous, colorful and rich in imagery; Ode to a Nightingale 夜鶯頌；Ode on a Grecian Urn 希臘古甕頌6.Walter Scott :Father of Historical Novel; combine historical fact and

22、romantic imagination7.Jane Austen:wit, dry humour, subtle irony,realistic; Pride and Prejudice傲慢與偏見(jiàn)(Elizabeth and Darcy) ； Sense and Sensibility理智與情感 ； Emma愛(ài)瑪8.Charles Lamb : Poor Relations窮親戚 ; Dream-children 童年夢(mèng)幻 ; A Reverie幻想曲維多利亞時(shí)期1.summit ： realistic novel2.Charles Dickens: critical realist wri

23、ter; humour, wit, happy endings; A Tale of Two Cities雙城記 (London & Paris, where there is oppression, there is revolution); David Copperfield大衛(wèi)科波菲爾； Oliver Twist 霧都孤兒 ；Hard Time 艱難時(shí)世； Great Expectations遠(yuǎn)大前程； Dombey and Son董貝父子； Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外傳3.William Makepeace Thackeray : Vanity Fair 名利場(chǎng)

24、 (to satirize the social more, decadence and corruption of his time; to criticize the values measured by wealth)4.George Eliot :novelist, her novels are celebrated for their realism and psychological insights;Adam Bede 亞當(dāng)比德 (social inequality) ；The Mill on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 ；Silas Marner 織工馬南5.Alfr

25、ed Tennyson : succeeded Wordsworth as Poet Laureate in 1850; Break, Break, Break拍吧，拍吧，拍吧； Crossing the Bar過(guò)沙洲6.Robert Browning : dramatic monologues; My Last Duchess 我已故的公爵夫人7.The Bronte Sisters:Charlotte: Jane Eyre 簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)：簡(jiǎn) ·愛(ài)是一個(gè)心地純潔、善于思考的女性，她生活在社會(huì)底層，受盡磨難。 但她有倔強(qiáng)的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。小說(shuō)以濃郁抒情的筆法和深刻細(xì)膩的心理描寫(xiě)， 引人入勝地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的愛(ài)情經(jīng)歷，歌頌了擺脫一切舊習(xí)俗和偏見(jiàn)。 扎根于相互理解、 相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)之上的深摯愛(ài)情， 具有強(qiáng)烈的震撼心靈的藝術(shù)力量。其最為成功之處在于塑造了一個(gè)敢于反抗，敢于爭(zhēng)取自由和平等地位的婦女形象。Emily: Wuthering Heights 呼嘯山莊：描寫(xiě)吉卜賽棄兒希斯克利夫被山莊老主人收養(yǎng)后，因受辱和戀愛(ài)不遂， 外出致富， 回來(lái)后對(duì)與其女友凱瑟琳結(jié)婚的地主林頓及其子女進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)的故事。Anne: Agnes Gray安格尼斯格雷歡迎下載3精品文庫(kù)20 世紀(jì)英國(guó)文