(完整word版)高一英語定語從句講解

1、高一定語從句講解來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)嘉定二中高一英語組第一講1、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語一：先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞二:關(guān)系代詞：用來連接定語從句，并在從句中代表先行詞的代詞。先行詞是物：which that先行詞是人： who whom that在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑褐髡Z、賓語（1） 先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2） 看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。e.g.把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句1. They had a radio. It could send out messages.They had a radio which/ that could send

2、 out message.（主語）2. The girl is my best friend.She spoke just now.3. He always buys some books.He n ever read them.1. )定語從句一般直接跟在先行詞的后面：e.g. 4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables.The man sells vegetables who lives n ext door. ( )x5. The car which my un cle just bought was destroyed in the

3、earthquake.The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my un cle just bought.()2.)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略：e.g. 6. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our man ager.7. There is someth ing ( that ) we must keep in mind.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分1. The man who told me the news refused to give me the name.2. T

4、he airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip toEurope.3. He found a dollar bill that he had forgotte n in a suit .4. He is the man whom we all respect.5. There is somebody who wants to see you.6. The house I would like to buy is not for sale.7. The bicycle m

5、y un cle gave me was very expe nsive.第二講whose 的用法：關(guān)系代詞與其后的名詞構(gòu)成所有格，即的”時，它既可以修飾指人的先行詞，也可以修飾 指物的先行詞。e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize.來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red.The book whose cover is red is no

6、t mine ( The book the cover of which is red isnot mine)3. Do you know anyone? His family is in Xi an.4. I live in the room. The windows of it face south.5. The chair has bee n repaired. The leg of it was broke n.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句This is the room in which my father lived last year.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關(guān)系代詞在

7、從句中的成分1. What is the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed the other day.2. I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.3. It was a meeting whose importanee I didn t realize at the time.4. The Great Wall was the first place that went to visit while they were in China.5. Mis

8、s Smith, who you met at our house, is going to marry Mr. Harry.6. He failed in the exam, which made his classmates surprised.第二講關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時，介詞?？梢蕴崆埃樵~提前時，關(guān)系代詞只能用 which 或whome.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.2. The

9、chair is made of wood.He is sitting on it now.The chair on which he is sitt ing now is made of wood.3. He is a library assista nt. I borrowed some books from him.4. It is a famous school. He graduated from it 3 years ago.關(guān)系畐 U 詞： whe n where why當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的名詞，用 when，在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，這時一般可以用介詞+ which 來代替：e

10、.g. 1.1 will n ever forget the day./ I went to university on that day. _I will n ever forget the day whe n/ on which I went to uni versity.2. He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning.當(dāng)先行詞是表示地點的名詞，用where，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，這時一般可以用介詞+ which 來代替：e.g. 3. This is the house. / He

11、 used to live in the house.This is the house where/ i n which he used to live. 1 .J FI IJ 7li |4. I know of a place in which/where we can swim來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)2. Is there any reason why you should have a holiday.3. I will show you the way to the Friendship Hotel where foreign visitors are staying.4. Be sure to

12、call on us next time when you come to town.5. We shall never forget the days when we were united as one to fight against the Japanese.This is the house which/that / / he visited yesterday. This is the house where/inwhich he once lived.2. We will remember the day. We spe nt the day together.We will r

13、emember the day. We worked on this day together.注意點：要注意判斷關(guān)系詞及e.g. 1. This is the houseThis is the house.第五講關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞諬e visited it yesterday.He once lived in it.來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時可以用介詞+ which ”來代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = whe n ) the People foun ded.幾個特殊的定語從句句型：1. Is this pla

14、ce the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?2. situation 后常用 where,in which 弓丨導(dǎo)定語從句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?3. way(方式，方法)后常用 in which 或 that 或省略來引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可省略:Do you know the way(i n which/that/how) he worked out t

15、he problem?4. He stood at the win dow, from where he could see what was happe ning. It may rain, inwhich case the match will be put off.%* h ,尹J I找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分1. He is a teacher, as is clear form his manner.2. As is known to all, water resources are very limited on the earth.3. He used

16、such expressions as he could find in the texts.4. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented5. I don t like the way he speaks.6. He is one of the students who know the Japanese.7. He is the only one of the students who knows the Japanese.定語從句配套練習(xí) 第一講J一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句：

17、1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magaz ine is mine. He has take n it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They don t study hard.5. The woma n is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter

18、is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was won derful. We saw it last ni ght.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a min ute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分The thief who had robbed the man was

19、 caught by the policema n.I have to make up for the test that I missed last week.The car I hired broke dow n on my way home.Thank you very much for the prese nt you sent me.Do you know anyone who wants to buy a sec on d-ha nd motorbike.第二講一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句:1. Here is the girl. Her brother wor

20、ks in this shop.s Rep來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)2. That s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.3. This is the boy. His sister is a famous sin ger.4.1 want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven t been handed in.5. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.把下列每對句子合并成含有非限制性定語從句的主從復(fù)合句：6. He has a broth

21、er. He is an artist.7. This poem was writte n by the famous writer. Almost everybody knows it.8. They have invited me to dinner. It is very kind of them.9. My father arrived at the town yesterday. He had been on a visit to American.10. The travelers took another road. They knew about the floods.用 th

22、at、which 或 whose 將下列每一組句子合并成一個含有定語從句的復(fù)合句1. A plane is a machine. A plane can fly.2. Tea is mostly from China. It is loved by many peoples in the world.3. All the students in my class like the book. The book tells about Harry Porter.4.I have a very smart brother. He is only seventeen years old now.5.

23、 An earthquake happened in 1976. The earthquake totally destroyed Tangshan.6.Everybody wants to enjoy the picture. You took the picture just yesterday.7. My wife is a very efficient woman. Her class always comes out first in the school.8.I stayed in a n ice room in Qin gdao. The wi ndow of the room

24、ope ns to the sea.9.I m sorry to have killed the hen. It lays ten eggs everyycbn average.10. I like this new book very much. Its cover is designed by a friend of mine.11. In front of my village flows a small river. It is not polluted yet.12. Who is the gentleman? He is standing over there.13. Did yo

25、u see a novel named The Godfather? It was on my desk just now.14. I used to work with a computer company. The company has a staff of over 600.15. B. Gates is the richest man in the world. His wealth comes to some $50 billion.16. These are the books. You will need them.17. The car broke down halfway

26、to Hangzhou. We were driving the car there.18. Lecture Room （百家講壇） is a famous program. Many people like it.19. China is an ancient country. Its history covers about 5,000 years.20. My father is a teacher of physics. His job is taking care of his students.第三講一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句：16. The service

27、should be improved.The students complain a lot about it.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came in

28、 to a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、 根據(jù)句子意思，填入介詞加關(guān)系代詞費1. The pers on_I spoke just now is the man ager that I told you about.2. The pen cil_ he was writi ng broke.4. The two thi ngs_ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of En glish5. Her bag,_she put all her

29、 books, has not bee n found.來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)6. The stories about the Long March,_ this is one example, are well written.7. The ship,_ the Europea ns sailed to the America n continent, was called the Mayflower.8. The family_I stayed in Rome is coming to En gla nd soon.9. He has writte n a book, the n ame_I have

30、 completely forgotte n.10. It is a family of eight childre n, all_ are study ing music.11. Can you suggest a time_it will be convenient to meet.12. The town,_ they came, was in the north of the province.13. The fur coat_ the lady was dressed was very expe nsive.14 The emperor,_ the palace was built,

31、 was very cruel.15. He had a dream_he was take n to the amuseme nt park.16. The money_he bought the bike, was give n by his gra ndfather.17. Ann White,_ we received the invitation, lives next door to us.18. The story,the film is based , is a true one.*-. i -| 第四講一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句：I I I I: Ij

32、1. I still remember the day. We first met on the day.2. Is there any shop around? I can buy a pen in the shop.3. The year 1986 was importa nt in history. The America n astr on auts first Ian ded on the moonin this year.5. The city is on the new railway line. I was born in this city.6. This is the re

33、ason. He left the company.廠l1第五講p-、1Je.g. This is the date_we re proud of.This is the date_ he was born.I will n ever forget the time_ we spe nt together.This is the factory_my mother works.This is the factory_we visited last week.A. whe nB. where C. which D. thatI don t believe the reason_he gave i

34、fodecision.Ano ther reas on_ he made this decisi on is that he had to con sider the feeli ngs of others.第六講填上合適的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞1. A country is a n ati on_ has its own gover nmen t, la nd and populati on.2. I ve looked the words up in the dictionar_I borrowed from my teacher.3. The man _have made much mone

35、y do not know what to do with their money.4. We haven t found a Ianguage_ would be accepted by people.5. He went to a friend_knew a lot about money matters.6. Hand sig ns can be useful in places_are very no isy and in places_ are veryquiet.7. Mr Black would n ever forget the day_he was bitterly puni

36、 shed.來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)8. The reason_he did not buy the modern painting was that it was not a painting a-all.9. The win ter Olympics are always held in a mountainous country_ there is ple nty ofsnow.10. The greeti ng “ Good after noon ” is give n to anyone_you are pass ing q11. Tom stop to speak some one_makes

37、an inquiry about frien ds.12. Adults sometimes envy childre n,_ can run out to play.13.1 d like to borrow a book_cover is blue.14. This is the very work_I m after.15. I have the same book_you lent me.16. Some soldiers arrived at a farmhouse, in front of_sat a little boy.17. This is the shop_sells bo

38、oks.L：18. This is the shop_we can buy books.19.1 ll never forget the day_we once stayed together.20. I ll never forget the day_ we spent together.；J h11 . i!: f / f二翻譯1. 眾所周知，臺灣屬于中國。2. 這是我們上個學(xué)期參觀過的工廠。3. 那把用來切面包的刀很鋒利。4. 只有二位在教室里學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生。5. 我想要知道你學(xué)習(xí)的方法。6. 他們住在一間前面有一個大花園的房屋里。7. 這是一家生產(chǎn)電視機的工廠。8. 我從不忘記我們曾一起呆

39、過的日子。9. 他遲到的原因是因為他未能趕上汽車。10. 你認不認識那個和我們老師交談的學(xué)生。11. 這是他僅能記得的事情。(only)12. 他的同桌是一個讓他在困難時得以依托的人。(turn to for help)13. 眾所周知，中國是一個具有悠久文明歷史的國家。(As).14. 那個在地震中失蹤的男孩最終被找到了。( who)15. 你還記得我們拜訪過的那個城市嗎？ (pay a visit to)16. 李宇春所唱的歌中，哪一首是最吸引你的？(which)17. 我所能做的所有的事情便是等待。(all18. 很多中國學(xué)生非常羨慕西方人的生活方式。(way)19. 我到超市去買了和你

40、一樣的筆。(the same as20. 他們?nèi)易≡谝粋€窗戶被人打破了的房子里。(whose)This is the only thi ng that he can remember.His desk mate is a person who he can turn to for help when in trouble.His desk mate is a person to whom he can turn for help when in trouble.As is known to us all, China is a country with a long history of c

41、ivilizati onThe boy who was lost/miss ing in the earthquake was fin ally found.Do you still remember the city that we have paid a visit to?Do you still remember the city to which we have paid a visit?來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Which of the songs that has bee n sung by Li Yuchu n most attracts you?All that I can do is to

42、wait.Many Chin ese stude nts envy the way (that/i n which) the wester ners live.I bought the same pen as you did in the supermarket.The whole family lived in the house whose window had been broken by others. * j /I1fc, j 1.1 will never forget the day _which/that/ 不填_we spent together in the countrys

43、ide八八I、J I II will never forget the days_during which/when_ we stayed together in thecoun tryside 2.This is the reason _that/which/ 不填_ they told meThis is the reas on _for which/why_ he tur ned dow n the jobifp- J非限制定語從句1. 逗號隔開2. 翻譯成并列句，去掉之后句子完整 wIL 二二3. 不能用 that4. which 可以指代某一個先行詞也可以指代一句話He lost h

44、is book, which made his mother very an gery as 在非限定性從句中的使用1.表示正如。一樣2.替代 which 放句首He must be from Africa,_ which_ can be see n from his sk inAs can be seen from his skin, he must be from AfricaAs is known to all, he is a heroHe is a hero, which is known to allIt is known to all that he is a hero% h #

45、 1 II He has 2 sons , one of whom is a doctor *1 * j /I I來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)He has 2 sonsand one of them is a doctortI I胃八、 7I I II,I I; I;He has 2 son sneither of whom is a doctorr.clf I /. fI He has 2 sons, _both_of whom are doctors” /.J 1If/ JHe has 3 sons, none of whom is a doctorHe has 3 sons, all of whom ar

46、e doctors? _ijHe is one of the scie ntists who are_known by the worldHe is the on ly one of the scie ntists who _is _known by the world、沁、He is such a good stude nthat every one likes him very much（如 此以至于）He is such a personas you told meHe invited me to the party,and it is kind of himHe inviten me

47、to the party , which is kind of himHe failed in the exam, _as_ we had expectedCan you see the close_ on the top of which_ I put the flower vase?Can you see the closet on whose top_ I put the flower vase?All (that) you n eedis his helpWhat you n eedis his helpall that= whatIs this the museum_you visi

48、ted yesterday?This is the museumthat /which/不填 you visited yesterday.來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò) IIs this museum_ you visited yesterday?X/-|pJThis museum isthe onethat/which/不填 you visited yesterday.This is the place_n which/where_ you have worked for ten years-. V*、. rThis is the place_ to which _ you pay a visit last y

49、ear、F:Il1I will n ever forget the day _which/that/ 不填_we spe nttogether in the coun trysideI will n ever forget the days_during which/when_ we stayedtogether in the coun tryside【考點指向】定語從句是高一英語語法的重難點，同時又是高考必考熱點之一?？v觀10年來各地高考試題對定語從句的考查，越來越突出能力立意，通過一系列的增元、減員，前置等變換手段來考查。定語從句中關(guān)于介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時介詞的選擇則更是令眾多考

50、生十分頭疼的一大難題。【技法提煉】定語從句之所以難，主要在于難以選出合適的介詞。應(yīng)對 介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中介詞如何選則這一難題，我們總結(jié)出一套行之有效的秘訣：一先二動三意義”。一、一先，即先看先行詞。從先行詞下手。介詞往往和先行詞構(gòu)成固定搭配；二、 二動。即看從句中的謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞的搭配選擇合適的介詞;三、 三意義。通過判斷主句表達的全部意義來確定合適的介詞；四、 特殊情況：介詞of常用于結(jié)構(gòu)：表示部分的詞語+of+關(guān)系代詞?！窘?jīng)典例題】例1:The pencil_he used to write is broken.A. in whichB. by whichC. with

51、whichD. with that解題思路：本題考查的是 介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)系代詞指物的話用which，指人whom，先把D選項排 除了。剩下這三項選擇哪個呢？我們先從先行詞下手，pencil是工具范疇，介詞搭配一般用with，所以應(yīng)該選擇C項。句義：他過去常常用的那個鉛筆壞了。J答案：C來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)歸納總結(jié)：當(dāng)先行詞往往是那些表示時間、地點、原因、方法、工具等的詞時，它們與介詞之間有一定的固 定聯(lián)系，這時一般首先看先行詞。（比如時間常和on, in, by搭配，地點常用on, in, at,原因用for，方式用in, by.with等等）。5 方法揭秘：從先行詞下手。介詞往往和先行詞構(gòu)成固

52、定搭配。L”. 1a ,二一例2：The English play_ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at whichC. i n whichD. on which解題思路：主句是The English play was a great success。在新年晚會上，我的學(xué)生們表演的英文劇取得了成功。 先行詞是play，四個選項里關(guān)系代詞都是表示物體的which，這沒問題。關(guān)鍵選哪個介詞呢？單從先行詞身上判斷不出來，我們就從從句謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)上下手。act不及物動詞，若表示扮

53、演節(jié)目，要加上in.此處表演話劇act in a play。介詞in提前了，所以我們選擇C項。句義：在新年晚會上，我的學(xué)生們表演的英文劇取得了成功。答案：C歸納總結(jié)：先行詞沒有明顯可以固定搭配的介詞，介詞的選用與從句中謂語結(jié)構(gòu)的搭配有關(guān)。方法揭秘：看從句中的謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞的搭配選擇合適的介詞。例3：He was educated at the local high school,_ he went on to Beijing University.A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in that解題思路：正確答案為A。這是個非限

54、定性定語從句。which指代前面整個句子的情況。依據(jù)句義：在當(dāng)?shù)刂袑W(xué)畢業(yè)后，他上了北京大學(xué)。把從句補充完整He went on to Beiji ng Un iversity after he was educated at the local high school，答案為A.此句中的介詞的選擇與句子的意義有關(guān)。句義：在當(dāng)?shù)刂袑W(xué)畢業(yè)后，他上了北京大學(xué)。答案：A歸納總結(jié)：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, as和關(guān)系副詞when, where, 一般不用that引導(dǎo)。方法揭秘：我們可以采用還原法，把從句補充完整，建立與主句的聯(lián)系，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)這個介詞與

55、句中其它部分 的關(guān)系。例4:The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%_ are sold abroad.A. of whichB. which ofC. of themD. of that解題思路：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，前后兩句話用逗號隔開，應(yīng)該為主從句關(guān)系，由此判斷后面是一個非限定性定語從句，由于關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞，因此只能選A項，80% of which are sold abroad修飾先行詞half a million pairs of shoes，說明其部分情況。來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)句義：這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)的

56、50萬雙鞋子有80%都是銷往國外的答案：A歸納總結(jié)：of which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句。在定語從句中，基于意義上的需要，可以在some, any, several,many, most, all, both, neither, none, half, one等詞和形容詞比較級、最高級之后接of whom或of which。表示部分的詞語常見的有：不定代詞all, both, none, neither, either, some, any,數(shù)詞（含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分數(shù)和百分數(shù)）；數(shù)詞+名詞；the +最高級/比較級，以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語many, most, few, several

57、, enough, half a, a quarter。方法揭秘：of which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句。在定語從句中，基于意義上的需要，可以在some, any, several,many, most, all, both, neither, none, half, one等詞和形容詞比較級、最高級之后接of whom或of which。1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合 邏輯。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先

58、行詞關(guān)系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式, I, c ；f* 1 2上用逗號隔開，不能 that 用引導(dǎo)。e.g. Tom s fathwho is over sixty, still works hard day and night.來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)（who 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）that 與 which 的區(qū)別1） 用 that 而不用 which 的情況1先行詞為不定代詞 all, anything, no thi ng,little,few,much somethi ng some one:先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾；3先行詞有 the only, th

59、e very, any,the same , the las 等詞修飾；4先行詞既有人又有物時。5.避免重復(fù)Who is the person that is standing there?e.g. There is nothing that can preve nt him from doing it.沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 Thefirst place that they visited in Guili n was Elepha nt Trunk Hill.在桂林他們所參觀 的第一個地方是象鼻山。_這部電影是我看過的最好的 一一 部。_ 史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外 國人。2） 用

60、 which 而不用 that 的情況：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；2指代前面整個主句的意思；3介詞+關(guān)系代詞。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very an gry.介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語從句中短語的習(xí)慣性搭配，Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with 是習(xí)慣性搭配) 介詞常受先行詞的制約(即介詞和先行詞的搭配)，He built a telescope through which he could study the ski