Chapter 8 Water Proofing Material：8章防水材料

1、.Civil Engineering Materials-Water Proofing Material Chapter Eight Water Proofing MaterialCatalogue8.1 Introduction8.2 Basic Components of Water Proofing Material8.3 Waterproof SheetBasic Requirements1. Class Hour3 lectures1 test2. Contents (1) Brief introduction to the classification and applicatio

2、n of waterproof materials;(2) The basic components of waterproof materials-the composites, structure, technique properties, standard and choices of petroleum asphalt;(3) The classification, categories, appliance, grade, characteristics and the scope of uses of the new waterproof sheet.3. Emphasis(1)

3、 The technical properties of petroleum asphalt;(2) The characteristics, major properties and choices of polymer modified polymer waterproof sheet and synthetic polymer waterproof sheet.§ 8.1 IntroductionWaterproof material is a kind of material used to prevent water from structure coat. It is a

4、n important component and necessary material which can prevent the permeation of rain, underground water and other kinds of water. There are two types of waterproof conformations, rigidity waterproof-waterproof concrete, and soft waterproof. Soft waterproof has three types: waterproof sheet, waterpr

5、oof coating and joint material.Ordinary soft water proofing material can be divided three types:(1) Asphalt base water proofing material, low level, lied out gradually;(2) Polymer modified asphalt, medium level, used widely;(3) Synthetic polymer water proofing material-high level, the direction of d

6、evelopment.So far, leakage is serious in our country, and it is urgent to enhance the quantity of waterproofing. The keys to solve problem are to reasonable design, careful construct and in-time protection. Whats more, the tenet of waterproof uses rigidity and soft waterproof commonly and defends on

7、 different coats. Waterproof material is developed in the direction of higher properties, multifunction and energy efficient.§8.2 Basic Components of Water Proofing Material8.2.1 Petroleum Asphalt1. IntroductionPetroleum asphalt is one kind of refined products according to crude oil distillatio

8、n.Petroleum asphalt can be used to produce many kinds of corrosion resistance materials or in site petroleum asphalt directly.2. CompositeRelations between composite and property of petroleum asphalt in Tab.8.2.1.Tab.8.2.1 Relations between composite and property of petroleum asphaltname of composit

9、ephysical propertyeffects on principal propertycolor state density（g/m³） molecular weightoil componentlight yellow liquid 0.71 300500red brownto make asphalt mobileasphaltic resinyellow semi-solid 1.01.1 6001000black brownto make asphalt adhesive, plastic and mobileasphaltenedeep brown solid mo

10、re than1 more than1000 black powderto determine temperature stability and viscosityOther components include:(1) 23% of asphalt carbon and quasi-carbon compound is produced by cracking at high temperature. It has the largest formula weight and can reduce the adhesive ability.(2) Paraffin: It can redu

11、ce the adhesive ability, plastic properties and temperature stability. Solutions such as salt curing to treat oil with much paraffin can enhance soften point, reduce penetration degree and improve properties.3. Colloid structureSketch map of colloid structure are shown in Fig.8.2.1, colloid structur

12、e types and characteristics are shown in Tab.8.2.2.sol typesol-gel typegel type1-micelle 2-particial 3- oil component 4- external film 5- asphaltene 6-gel particial7-combined oil componentFig.8.2.1 Sketch map of colloid structure of petroleum asphaltTab.8.2.2 Colloid structure types and characterist

13、icsstructure typescomposite and structurecharacteristics propertiessol typemore oil components and resin, thick external membrane of the micelle, free movement among micellesmore oil components and resin, thick external membrane of the micelle, free movement among micellessol-gel typecloser among mi

14、celles and have attractive force each otherbetweensol type and gel typegel typeLess oil components and resin, thin external membrane of the micelle, difficult movement among micellesbetter elasticity and viscosity, low temperature stability, mobility and plasticity4. Technical property(1) Waterproof

15、 propertyPetroleum asphalt has the characteristics: hydrophobic, compact structure, strong adhesive force and good plasticity. So it has good performance moisture-proofing and water proofing material.(2) Viscosity DefinitionIt refers to the property which can hinder the relative flow among asphalt,

16、and it has an ability of deformation resistance against the outer force. It is an important index of petroleum asphalt properties. Index and test methodFig.8.2.2 Penetro-meterViscosity can be expressed by absolute viscosity. But it is often replaced by relative viscosity because the test methods are

17、 complicate.Penetration degree: It refers to relative viscidity of solid and semi-solid petroleum asphalt.Instrument: penetrometer (Fig.8.2.2 and Fig.8.2.3)Conditions and methods: Put the 100g load-standard needle into the 25 specimen in 5 seconds. Read the depth of the penetrometer in the specimen.

18、 The unit is 1/10mm.The relationship between penetration degree and viscosity is the lower the penetration degree, the higher the viscosity, the hardener the petroleum asphalt. Standard viscidityFig.8.2.3 Sketch map of penetration degree testIt refers to relative viscidity of liquid petroleum asphal

19、t.Instrument: normal viscidity instrument (Fig.8.2.4).Conditions and methods: to test the time of the 50cm³ asphalt flowing through the required diameter(3, 5, 10mm) in the required temperature (20、25、30、60).(3) Plasticity DefinitionPlasticity is a property that petroleum asphalt keeps the shap

20、e after distortion. Index and test methodPlasticity is expressed by ductility, stronger ductility and better plasticity.Test instrument: ductility instrument Test conditions and methods: We make the asphalt sample become pattern standard mold at 25 (Fig.8.2.5), then have a draw test at 5cm/min speed

21、. The length of the asphalt when it breaks is the ductility.(4) Temperature stability DefinitionFig.8.2.4 Normal viscidity instrumentviscidity instrumentTemperature stability refers to the change of viscosity and plasticity of petroleum asphalt with temperature transformation. Index and test methodT

22、emperature stability is expressed by softening point. The lower softening point is, the higher temperature stability is; the higher softening point is, the lower temperature stability is.Instrument: ring and ball softening point instrument (Fig.8.2.6)Fig.8.2.5Sketch map of ductility testConditions a

23、nd methods: We put the asphalt sample into the required copper ring (D=16mm, h=6mm), where a steel ball was put on, then dip them into the water or the glycerine and heat them in required velocity (5/min). After that, make the asphalt fall down. The temperature is the softening point when the asphal

24、t falls to the required point.Fig.8.2.6 Ring and ball softening point instrument(5) Atmosphere stability DefinitionAtmosphere stability refers that petroleum asphalt resists aging in heat, oxygen and wet conditions. DenotationIt was evaluated by the loss of evaporation and the penetration grade afte

25、r the evaporation.Test of the loss of evaporation: the standard of pavement asphalt: 50g asphalt D=5.5×35=h container, 163 for 5 hours.The less loss is, the more stable it is.Test of the ratio of penetration degree after evaporation:The standard of pavement asphalt: make 50ml asphalt 3.2mm thic

26、k, oven (63 5h).The greater ratio is, the more stable it is.5. Standard and choices of petroleum asphalt (1) StandardThere are three standards about petroleum asphalt:SH0522-2000: pavement petroleum asphalts;GB-T494-1998: building petroleum asphalt;SY1665-77: ordinary petroleum asphalt.(2) Trademark

27、 Classification The trademarks of the three kinds of petroleum asphalt are classified according to the index of the penetration degree. Each trademark should be guaranteed by the relative ductility softening point, and solubility, loss of evaporation, ratio of penetration degree after evaporation, f

28、lashing point and so on. Common trademarkBuilding petroleum asphalt is divided into No.30 and No.10 trademarks; pavement petroleum asphalt is divided into seven trademarks (200、180、140、100+、100-、60+、60-); ordinary petroleum asphalt is divided into three trademarks (75、65 and 55). Relationship betwee

29、n trademark and propertyThe relationship of property and trademark between pavement petroleum asphalt and building petroleum trademark:high trademark low cohesion (high penetration degree), good plasticity (good ductility), high temperature stability (low softening point);low trademark high cohesion

30、 (low penetration degree), low plasticity (low ductility), low temperature stability (high softening point).8.2.2 Modified AsphaltBasic component modified asphalt can be divided into three types:1. Petroleum asphalt, coal tar;2. Use resin and rubber to modify asphalt;3. Resin、rubber (synthetic polym

31、er material, polymer).§ 8.3 Waterproof SheetWaterproof sheet is one of the important waterproof materials in the construction (Fig.8.3.1).It mainly includes polymer waterproof sheet material, polymer modified polymer waterproof sheet material and synthetic polymer sheet.The necessary properties

32、 of waterproof sheet are:(1) Water resistance;(2) Temperature stability; (3) Mechanical strength; (4) Ductility;(5) Breaking ability;(6) Flexibility;(7) Atmosphere stability.Fig 8.3.1 Waterproof sheet8.3.1 Polymer Modified Polymer Sheet MaterialPolymer modified polymer waterproof sheet material is a

33、 kind of flexible sheet waterproof material. Its coat is made of polymer modified asphalt. Its support is made of fabric or felt. Its surface material is made of the powered, sheet material or the membrane.Fig.8.3.2 Structure sketch map of modified asphalt waterproof sheet1. SBS modified asphalt wat

34、erproof materialelastomer asphalt waterproof roll roofing(1) DefinitionSBS modified polymer waterproof sheet (Fig.8.3.3) is a kind of waterproof sheet material formed by dipping support with SBS modified asphalt (thermoplastic elastomer), spraying plastic asphalt on both sides, sewing fine sand, min

35、eral particles or covering polyethylene membrane on the upper side and sewing fine sand or covering polyethylene membrane at the bottom. It belongs to elastomer asphalt waterproof roll roofing. Both fiberglass and polyester felt can be used as the support.Fig.8.3.3 SBS modified asphalt waterproof sh

36、eet(2) Tab, grade and propertyAccording to JC/T560-2001, the number of sheet is based on the weight of 10 roll roofing. The sheet of fiberglass support can be divided into three grades: 20, 35 and 45. The sheet of polyester felt support can be divided into four grades: 25, 35, 45 and 55. The sheet c

37、an be divided into three grades: the qualified rate, the first rate and the top rate according to its physical properties. The grade and physical properties of the second kind of support conform with the stipulation of Tab.8.3.1 and Tab.8.3.2. The test instruments are shown in Fig.8.3.4.Fig.8.3.4 Te

38、st instruments(3) ApplicationIt is widely used on all kinds of waterproof and damp proofing projects, especially in cold areas and frequent distorted buildings. No.35 and those after it can be used in multi-layer water proofing, while those before No.35 can be used in unique-layer water proofing and

39、 multi-layer water proofing and heat construction.Tab.8.3.1 Technical property of fiberglass support elastomer polymer waterproof sheet materialserial numbertab253545gradename of tabthe top ratethe first ratethe qualifiedthe top ratethe first ratethe qualifiedthe top ratethe first ratethe qualified1

40、content of soluble matter at least1300210029002impermeabilitypressure0.150.200.20continuous time303heat resistance ability109010901090heated for 2h, the coating should not be mobile4tension at leastlongitudinal section400350300400350300400350300cross section3002502003002502003002502005elasticity-25-

41、20-15-25-20-15-25-20-15R=15mm, 3S, 180°, without cracksR=25mm, 3S, 180°, without cracksTab 8.3.2 Technical property of polyester felt support elastomer polymer waterproof sheet materialtab25354555grade nameof tabthe top ratethe first ratethe qualifiedthe top ratethe first ratethe qualified

42、the top ratethe first ratethe qualifiedthe top ratethe first ratethe qualifiedcontent of soluble matter at least1300210029003700Impe-rmeabilitypressure0.30continuous time30heat resistance ability10090100901009010090heated for 2h, the coating should not be mobiletension at least8006004008006004008006

43、00400800600400elongation of facture403020403020403020403020elasticity-25-20-15-25-20-15-25-20-15-25-20-15R=15mm, 3S, 180°, without cracksR=25mm, 3S, 180°, without cracks2. APP modified polymer waterproof sheet(1) DefinitionAPP modified polymer waterproof sheet (Fig.8.3.5) material is one k

44、ind of plasticity polymer waterproof sheet material. The plasticity polymer waterproof sheet material is a kind of waterproof sheet formed by dipping support with asphalt or thermalplastic (atactic polypropylene) modified asphalt (plasticity asphalt in short), spraying plastic asphalt on both sides,

45、 sewing fine sand, mineral particles or covering polyethylene membrane on the upper side and sewing fine sand or covering polyethylene membrane at the bottom. It also uses fiberglass and polyester felt.Fig.8.3.5 APP modified asphalt waterproof sheet(2) Tab, grade and propertyFig.8.3.6 Polymer waterp

46、roof sheetAccording to JC/T559-2001, the number of sheet is based on the weight of 10 roll roofing. The sheet of fiberglass support can be divided into three grades: 20, 35 and 45. The sheet of polyester felt support can be divided into four grades: 25, 35, 45 and 55. The sheet can be divided into t

47、hree grades: the qualified rate, the first rate and the top rate according to its physical properties. The grade and physical properties of the second kind of support conformed with the stipulation of the following Tab.8.3.3 and Tab.8.3.4.(3) ApplicationIt is widely used on all kinds of water proofi

48、ng and damp proofing projects, especially in areas at high temperature or strong solar radiation. No.35 and those after it can be used in multi-layer water proofing, while those before No.35 can be used in unique-layer water proofing and multi-layer water proofing and can employ heat construction.Fi

49、g.8.3.6 Polymer modified polymer waterproof sheet materialBesides these two kinds of materials, polymer modified polymer waterproof sheet material (Fig.8.3.6) also contains others, which have different properties varied with its polymer and supports. They are used in different ranges in building wat

50、er proofing.Tab.8.3.3 Technical property of fiberglass support plastomer polymer waterproof sheet materialserial numbertab253545gradename of tabthe top ratethe first ratethe qualifiedthe top ratethe first ratethe qualifiedthe top ratethe first ratethe qualified1content of soluble matter at least1300

51、210029002impermeabilitypressure0.150.200.20continuous time303heat resistance ability130120110130120110130120110heated for 2h, the coating should not be mobile4tension at leastlongitudinal section400350300400350300400350300cross section3002502003002502003002502005elasticity-25-20-15-25-20-15-25-20-15

52、R=15mm, 3S, 180°, without cracksR=25mm, 3S, 180°, without cracksTab.8.3.4 Technical property of polyester felt plastomer polymer waterproof sheet materialserial numbertab354555gradename of tabthe top ratethe first ratethe qualifiedthe top ratethe first ratethe qualifiedthe top ratethe first ratethe qualified1content of soluble matter at least2100290037002impermeabilitypressure0.30continuous time303