英語名詞改復數(shù)的方法

1、學習必備歡迎下載名詞復數(shù)變化規(guī)則和讀音：1一般在名詞的詞尾加“s”， 清輔音后讀 /s/ 濁輔音和元音后讀/z/例如：books, pens, classrooms，map-maps，boy-boys，girl-girls ，pen-pens 等等。 cats 貓 rooms 房間 horses 馬 trees 樹 roses 玫瑰2以 s, x, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加“es”， 讀 /iz/例如：classes, boxes, brushes, dishes, watches, buses鞭子， pushes推，classes ，foxes ，lashes力， branches樹

2、枝、分支， matches火柴、比賽， coaches教練， gases氣體， asses驢子但也有例外，如：stomach stomachs 等等。3以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的名詞應改“y”為“ i ”，再加“ es”， 讀 /z/例如： cities, universities) ，factories，baby-babies ，city-cities ，country-countries ，families家庭， ponies小馬但以 y例如：結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時，直接加two Marys ， the Henrys， monkey-monkeys ， holid

3、ay-holidayss 變復數(shù)。， boys, toys4以“ f ”和“ fe”結(jié)尾的名詞應改“f ”和“ fe”為“ ves”例如： shelf shelves 架子 ， knife knives， leaf-leaves 葉， wolf-wolves妻子life-lives ， thief-thieves小偷，calf-calves小牛， half-halves狼 ，wife-wives一半但也有例外如： roof roofs 屋頂 ， cliff cliffs （懸崖）， hoof hoofs（馬蹄）， belief beliefs（信仰）， chief chiefs （首領(lǐng)）， p

4、roof proofs( 證明 ) ， safe safes(保險箱 )， reef reefs(礁 ) ，gulf-gulfs海灣還有一些該類名詞的復數(shù)形式有兩種變化形式的例如：scarf scarfs/scarves（頭巾）, dwarf dwarfs/dwarves（矮子） , wharf wharfs/wharves( 碼頭 ), handkerchief handkerchiefs/handkerchieves( 手帕 )等等。5以“ o”結(jié)尾的名詞的復數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加“es”例如： hero heroes 英語 , echo echoes(回音 )， potato potatoe

5、s 馬鈴薯 ， tomato tomatoes 西紅柿，mango-mangoes芒果， volcano-volcanoes火山， negro-negroes黑人，cargo-cargoes貨物， buffalo-buffaloes水牛， mosquito-mosquitoes蚊子但以字母o 結(jié)尾的外來詞或縮寫詞的復數(shù)形式是只加S，例如： zoo zoos, radio radios, piano pianos 鋼琴 , photo photos, memo memos(備忘錄 ),solo solos( 獨 唱 、 獨 奏 ),kilo kilos(公斤)，kimonokimonos（和服）

6、，bamboo-bamboos竹子，kangaroo-kangaroos袋鼠，mulatto-mulattos白黑混血兒 ，6.如果名詞結(jié)尾是一個元音( 即 a,e,i,o,u)加 y ，那只則在單數(shù)詞后加一個s 就行了。playplays戲劇wayways小路valleyvalleys山谷donkeydonkeys驢學習必備歡迎下載toytoys玩具boyboys男孩guyguys伙計7 、下列名詞的復數(shù)形式，也很特殊：analysisanalyses分析basisbases基礎(chǔ)parenthesisparentheses圓括號datumdata數(shù)據(jù)mediummedia/mediums媒介

7、formulaformulae/formulas公式memorandum memoranda/memorandums備忘錄phenomenonphenomena現(xiàn)象goosegeese鵝toothteeth牙齒footfeet腳，尺manmen男人womanwomenmousemice老鼠louselice虱子radiusradii半徑8 、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復數(shù)，但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)形式： abscence 缺席clothing 服裝 film 膠片 help 幫助 furniture 家具machinery機械news新聞scenery風景sugar糖traffic交通9 、另一些名詞則

8、以復數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機會較多：bellows風箱clothes衣物shorts短褲trousers長褲spectacles眼鏡scissors剪刀shears大剪刀police警察(通稱)wages工資學習必備歡迎下載三、不規(guī)則變化主要有下面幾種：1變元音例如： man men, woman women, foot feet, tooth teeth, mouse mice(老鼠 ), louse lice （跳蚤） child-children注意：、與man、 German、 Bowman和 woman 構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復數(shù)形式也是不是合成詞，故復數(shù)形式為Germans；是姓，其復數(shù)是the B

9、owmans。-men和 -women 。2加 (r)en例如： ox oxen, child children，brother brethren兄弟3單、復數(shù)同形例如：sheep, fish, deer, carp( 鯉魚 ), Chinese, Japanese, aircraft( 飛機 ), means( 方法 ),deer鹿cannon大炮， salmon鮭魚， trout鱒魚注意：除人民幣元、 角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數(shù)形式。如:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters4外來詞例如： crisis-crises( 危機 ), ba

10、sis-bases(基礎(chǔ) )， analysis analyses(分析 )， phenomenonphenomena(現(xiàn)象 )四、特殊的復數(shù)形式1一些不可數(shù)名詞，如waters、 teas 等的復數(shù)形式可表種類，譯：各種各樣的，例如：I have many teas at home.我家有許多種茶。2具體化的名詞，如 cloth、 paper 等的復數(shù)形式，可用來表示某種特殊用途的東西例如： Please pass me a (table) cloth（桌布、臺布） so that I can clean the table.I can see many sweet papers（糖果紙）o

11、n the ground after the party.3一些抽象名詞， 如 thanks; wishes; congratulations; regards ；greetings 和 cheers 等用在英語句子里面時必須固定地使用復數(shù)形式例如： Best wishes to you!Please give my best regards/greetings to your parents.4一些數(shù)字，如1920 s 或 1920s 的，表示20 世紀 20 年代例如： In the 1920s, he went to a European country.He was born in t

12、he 1960 s.5整十的數(shù)字的復數(shù)形式，如 thirties, eighties 可表示“幾十歲”例如： He joined the Party in his thirties. 他三十幾歲時入黨。6英文字母，如 b s、 f s、 s (后面的“ s”可以被省略 )，的復數(shù)形式例如： In the word “ differ ” , there are two f s.We must pay much attention to the s at the end of the words.7人名，如Mary 、John 等可以表示“幾個的人”例如： There are two Johns

13、in our class, but in the whole school, there are six.8姓氏，如Black, Green 等可以表示一家人或者夫妻例如： After dinner, the Blacks are usually watching TV at home.五、復合名詞的復數(shù)形式，一般可以分為以下幾種：1一般在最后一個名詞的詞尾加-s 或 -es例如：film-goers( ?？措娪暗娜?、tooth-brushes（牙刷）、greenhouses（溫室、暖房）、go-betweens學習必備歡迎下載（中間人）、 grown-ups （成年人）， maid-ser

14、vant-maid-servan女仆，step-son-step-sons繼子2在主體名詞末加-s例如： lookers-on（旁觀者）、passers-by（過路人）、sons-in-law （女婿）、daughters-in-law（媳婦 ）、 gentlemen-at-arms （ 侍 衛(wèi) 官 ）、 ladies-in-waiting （ 侍 女 、 宮 女 ），coat-of-mail-coats-of-mail甲胄，father-in-law-fathers-in-law岳父，man-of-war-men-of-war兵艦3兩個成分都加變復數(shù)，一般是與man構(gòu)成的復合詞例如： men

15、-doctors （男醫(yī)生）、 women workers （女工人），但 German 不是合成詞，故復數(shù)形式為Germans； Bowman是姓，其復數(shù)是the Bowmans。但英、美國家的人不用lady 來搭配復數(shù)，因為它帶有輕視的語氣。而含boy 或 girl的復合名詞中，boy 和 girl 都不用復數(shù)， 例如：boy-students（男學生）、girl nurses（女護士）、boy friends （男朋友）、 girl monitors 女班長六、特殊形式1集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復數(shù)。例如： peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是復數(shù)，不能說a peop

16、le， a police， a cattle，但可以說 a person，a policeman ， a head of cattle.注意： the Chinese， the Japanese， the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復數(shù)用。如：The Chinese are industries and brave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。2以 s 結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：a. maths， politics ， physics 等學科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。b. news 為不可數(shù)名詞。c. the United States， the United Nations應視為

17、單數(shù)。The United Nations was organized in 1945.聯(lián)合國是1945 年組建起來的。d. 以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如： "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書。3另外還有一些名詞，其復數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，例如： goods 貨物， waters 水域， fishes（各種）魚。the keys:1D 2D 3C 4C 5 A 6C 7A8 D 9C 10D 11C 12 A13 D14 B15 B

18、16B17B 18 C19 C 20 B 21 C 22A23D24 C25 A26 A 27 C28 C 29D 30 B 31 C 32 C 33B34C35 A36 C37 C 38 B39 B40C 41D 42 A 43 D 44B45A46 B47 D48 B 49C50B51 C52 A 53 D 54C 55A56 D57 A58 C59 D 60B61C62 B 63 B 64 D 65 B 66C67 C68 D69 D70 A學習必備歡迎下載七、習題：1.He was eager to make some extramoney, since during these ye

19、ars he could hardly live onhis_.alittle wageb. few wagec. waged. wages2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war.a.an ashb. the ashc. ashd. ashes3.The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming New Year.a.many preparationsb. much preparationc. preparatio

20、ns d. preparation4.Painting in _ is one of their spare-time activities.a.oilb. an oilc. oilsd. the oil5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn t _ oil here.a.muchb. lots ofc. a great deal ofd. many6.The large houses are being painted, but _.a.of great expenseb. at a great expensec. in a lot

21、of expenses d. by high expense7.The room was small and contained far too _.a.much new furniturec. much new furnituresb.many new furnitured. many new furnitures8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.a. rooms numberb. room numberc. room s numbersd. room numbe

22、rs9.Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man can not do _ by himself.a great many manyc. much a great dealb. a great deal of muchd. many a great many10.She didn t know _ he had been given.a.how many informationc. how many informationsb.the number of informationd. how much information11.He

23、invited all of his _ to join his wedding rade-in-armsc. rades-in-armsd. comrade-in-arm12.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a.women doctorsc. woman doctorsb.women doctord. woman doctor13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_.a.growns-upsc. growns-u

24、pb.grown-upd. grown-ups14.The police investigated those _ about the accident.a.stander-byc. standers-byb.stander-bysd. standers-bys15.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp.a.prisoner-of-warsc. prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-warsd. prisoner-of-war16.The manager was greatly appreciate that

25、 _ made by Linda lately.a.new reelb. news reelc. new-reelsd. news reels17.Mary s dress is similar in appearance to her _.a. elder sisterb. elder sister s c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress學習必備歡迎下載18.All the people at the conference are _.a. mathematic teachersc. mathematics teacherb.mathematics

26、 teachersd. mathematic s teachers19.Professor Mackay told us that _ of lead are its softness and its resistance.a.some propertyc. propertiesb.some propertiesd. property20.Physics _ with matter and motion.a.dealb. dealsc. dealingd. are21.He has written several books, but his last works _ well known a

27、mong his friends.a.haveb. have beenc. isd. are22.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days.a.father-in-law sc. father s-in-lawb.father-in-lawd. father s-in-law s23.He told me _ would come to his birthday party.a.many Jack friendsc. many Jack s friendb.Jack s many

28、friendsd. many friends of Jack s24.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner.a.barber b. barbersc. barber s d. barbers25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _.a.Peter and Helensc. Peter and Helenb.Peter and Helensd. Peter s and Helen s26._ receives only a small portion of the total amoun

29、t of the sun s energy.a.The earth s surfacec. The surface of earthb.The surface earthd. The earth surface27.Numerous materials are available to _.a.today of designersc. today s of designersb.todays designersd. today designers28.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Don t you know he is an old friend

30、of _?a.my brotherb. my brothersc. my brother sd. my brother s friend29._ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know.a.This John s old friendc. That s Jahn s old friendb.This old friend of Johnd. This old friend of John s30._ is too much for a little boy to carry.a.A bike s wei

31、ghtc. The weight of a bikeb.The weights of a biked. Bile s weight31.Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.a.littleb. muchc. a large number ofd. a large amount of32.When they got to the lecture-room, there were _ left.a.only few seatsb. a very few seatsc. only a few seats

32、 d. so a few seats33._ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.a.A little mailb. A piece of mailc. A maild. A small mail34.The Department purchased _ to improve the working conditions there.a.a new equipmentc. new equipmentsb.a new piece of equipmentd. new pieces of equipments學

33、習必備歡迎下載35.The boy tried hard but there has been _ in his work.a.little improvementc. many improvementsb.a little improvementd. few improvements36.Today s modern TV cameras require _ light as compared with the earlier models.a.only a fewb. only fewc. only a littled. only little37.No country can affor

34、d to neglect _.a.an educationb. educationsc. educationd. the education38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of _.a.eighth chapterb. chapter eightc. eight chapterd. chapter the eight39._ is only surpassed by that of monkeys and apes .a.The intelligent dogc. The intelligence of dogsb

35、.The dogs whose intelligenced. The dogs being intelligent40.All _ must take the graduate Management Admission Test.a.business studentb. business s studentsc. business students d. business s student41._ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.a.Three minutes c

36、allc. A three-minutes callb.Three-minute calld. A three-minute call42.The _ about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem.a.public s chief concernc. chief public concernb.public chief concernd. chief concern of public s43._ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of t

37、he transcontinentalrailroad.a.Chinese wereb. The Chinese wasc. Chinese wasd. The Chinese were44._ can get a better view of the game than the participants.a.Looker-onb. Lookers-onc. Looker-onsc. Lookers-ons45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who _ at the scene of the accidentswithin

38、minutes.a.wereb. have beenc. wasd. has been46.Our livestock _ not as numerous as they used to be.a.isb. arec. bed. been47.One of the most surprising things is that _ may come from petroleum.a.much of tomorrow foodc. many of tomorrow s foodb.much of the food of tomorrowd. much of tomorrow s food48.Sc

39、ott is an orphan but he received _.a.very good educationc. a very good educationb.very good educationsd. many good educations49.After several day s hardworking, we have made _ on the design.a.much improvementc. many improvementb.several improvementsd. some improvement50.The boy was very happy that h

40、is mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a _ yesterday.a.shoes shopb. shoe shopc. shoes s shopd. shoe s51.Eggs, though nourishing, have _ of fat content.a.large numberb. a large numberc. a high amountd. the high amount52.He has done some _ on that subject from various angles over the past ten yea

41、rs.學習必備歡迎下載a.researchb. a researchc. researchesd. the researches53.Recently, he has lost all his _.a.wage and saving at cardc. wages and saving at cardb.wages and savings at cardd. wages and savings at cards54.The country s wealth comes chiefly from its many _.a.herd of cattleb. heard of cattlesc. h

42、erds of cattled. herds of cattles55.In Britain the _ are all painted red.a.letter boxesb. letters boxc. letters boxesd. letters s box56.Ten years had passed. I found she had _.a.a little white hairc. a few white hairb.some white haird. much white hair57.All his _ far from satisfactiona.conduct isb. conduct arec. conducts isd. conducts will be58.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, _ was done.a.a few damagesb. few damagesc. little damaged. a littl