第五次課-高二寒假閱讀題

1、senior-grade tworeading comprehension1. 詞匯量不夠，猜測詞義能力差;2. 語法基礎(chǔ)不扎實，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不熟悉；3. 背景知識匱乏，理解能力差；4. 沒有良好的閱讀習慣；5. 閱讀經(jīng)驗不足，不能靈活運用各種閱讀技巧；詞義猜測猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀 量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位， 對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。1)定義法it will be very hard but also very brittle.that is, it will break

2、 easily.從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。練習：using definition1) .mark twain was not the author's real name; it was a pseudonym.2) .but sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time then there is a dry period or drought.3) . those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so diffe

3、rent from that inside the city.a. townb. capitalc countryd. house2)同位法they traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位語部分a large building in old times給出了 castle的確切詞義，即“城堡 練習：1) . jim just hummed the tune of the song; he didn,t sing the words.2) . before long, many

4、dinners stayed open around the clock. in other words, people were able to eat in a dinner at any time. (99 年高考題)3) 對比法一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but, while, however等；二是看與not搭配的或 表示否定意義的詞語she is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but 詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意

5、思是她今天“第一節(jié)上了一半 才來”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向“準時”的結(jié)論。通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay,即使我們 不認識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義 詞，如 man has known something about the planets venus» mars, and jupiter with the help ofspaceships 此句屮的venus（金星）、mars（火星）、jupiter（木星）均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出 這幾個詞都屬于“行星

6、”這一義域。練習a. the football player was penalized for unnecessary roughness and the punishment was a good lesson for him.b he replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.c tribes roamed all over, searching for food this wandering lif

7、e went on until some people discovered that they could plant seeds and raise crops.d. he had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.e. most of us agreed, however ,bili dissenlcd.a. have a different opinion b. support c like it very much d doesn't show his ideasf. unl

8、ike her gregarious sister, jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.4）構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以斷定possibility意思是"可能性”。1）. we must safeguard the world peacea protect b

9、care or custody c prevent d. to keep safe with a burglar-alarm2）. dorf t listen to his nonsense.a .having no meaning b. meaningless words c humorous speech d .not making sense5）因果法通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時文 章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如 because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore 等等）

10、 表示前因后果。the lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. sometimes the weakness was pennanent. so the player could never play the sport again.從后面的結(jié)果“永遠不能再運動”中，可以推測permanent的意思為“永遠的，永久的雹 練習：1. "bui," said kim, " i feel that since you are my superior貝導(dǎo)，上司），it would be presumpluous of

11、me to tell you what to do." （2005 上海 b）a. full of respect b. too confident and rude c. lacking in experienee d. too shy and quiet2. that museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.a. very largeb. crowedc. noisyd. good6）通過描述猜詞描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物

12、作出的外在相貌或內(nèi) 在特征的描寫。例女口： the penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the south pole.lt is fat and walks in a funny way.although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的 生活習性。練習:1）1 like to read periodicals、such as “crazy english： "ne

13、ws week", “ readers9 digest" etc.2）.doctors have made great progress in treating and curing many serious illnesses. however, they have been unable to find ways to prevent the most common illness. it seems that such maladies as colds, fevers, and sore throats will always be a part of life7）

14、根據(jù)日常生活中的常識及邏輯推理猜詞練習1 .fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. most fishes have slimy skins and are covered with scales, but in fishes such as eels , the scales are very small and can hardly be seen.2. in spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sovt westers, the storm was so

15、heavy that they were wet through8）根據(jù)標點符號猜詞（：；;（）練習：1）. you can take any of the periodicals: the world of english, foreign language teaching in schools, or english learning.a. dictionariesb. story-books c. magazinesd. newspapers2）.the first olympic games in modern times happened in 1896. they origina

16、ted in greece 一 the first countiy where the games were held課后練習：高考題分析1 ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 us citizens in that area so they can enter the country when canadian customs stations are closed, but the us stopped a similar program last may. that forces the people to a 200-mile

17、 detour along high hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint. （2005 全國 i）a. a drive through the townb. a race across the fieldc a roundabout way of travelingd a journey in the mountain area.2 the plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60-90 centimeters high. pruning is importa

18、nt because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves it is from these shoots that the best tea is got. （2005 江西 d）a. regular cutting of the plantsb. frequent wateringc regular use of chemicalsd growing the plants high in the mountain3. “the safety issue is a big one/ says joe mahone

19、y, who quickly discovered he was not alone in his worries. on campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: what about crime? but when college officials always gave the same answer “ that9s not a problem here： mahoney began to feel uneasy"no crime w

20、hatsoever? comments mahoney today. " i just dorft buy it： nor should he: in 1999 the us. department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campus.（2005 山東 a）the underlined word ubuy means:a. mind b. admit c. believe d. expect4. darpa, the defense advanced res

21、earch projects agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robolic vehicles for future battlefields, but the grand challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. （2005 湖北 d）from the passage we know &q

22、uot;robotic vehicles are a kind of machines thata. can do effortless whatever tasks living things canb. can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limitc can show off their ability to turn themselves upside downd can move from place to place without being driven by human beings .5.in the s

23、tory these become love letters, burned by a cruel stepmother. lauren's best friend charlotte is the stepmothe匚'tm jn charlotte's story too,' says lauren, "and i get run ove匚" charlotte tale was inspired by the girl's coin collection“ we've collected foreign coins fo

24、r years since our families went on holidays to tenerife she explains. 44 that was before the euro, so we put pesetas in： lauren continues: “ i find a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. em in hospital and then i die： charlotte adds: “ or she might not die. i havent decided yet?" th

25、e underlined word 44 pesetas,? in paragraph 2 is a kind of （2005 湖南 b）a. storyb. collection c. inspiration d foreign coin6. rainforests like the amazon are important for mopping up co2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming, currently the trees in the amazon take in around 500 millio

26、n tons of co2 each year: equal to the total amount of co2 giving off in the uk each yea匚（2005 福建 c）the underlined phrase “ mopping upm means:a: cleaning up b taking inc wiping outd. giving out7. being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise leadership means power, commands respec

27、t and, most important, encourages achievement. unlike vitamin c, leadership skills can't be easily swallowed down. they must be carefully cultivated. （2005 廣東 b）the underlined word “ cultivated roughly means:a. encouragedb. comparedc. examinedd. developed8. builders of eco-passages try to make t

28、hem look like a natural part of an area of by planting trees on and around them animals seem to be catching on. animals as different as salamanders and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses- （2005 浙江 b）when the writer says that animals seem “ to be catching ort, he means:a. animals beg

29、i n to realize the dan gers on the road b. animals begin to learn to use eco-passagesc animals are crossing the road in groupsd. animals are increasing in number3 基本句型1)定語從句1. a sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was followed by the sound of

30、 running feet. (nmet 92)當那根鐵絲掉在地上，哪只手縮回時，外面?zhèn)鱽砑饨新?，接著是逃跑的聲音。簡析：三處被動語態(tài)間接描述小偷遭到的懲罰。定語從句的判斷準則a.主句不缺成分b. 有先行詞c. 關(guān)系代詞缺成分關(guān)系副詞不缺成分d. 相應(yīng)詞在從句中做關(guān)系代詞做主語/賓語關(guān)系副詞做狀語注意：關(guān)系詞的省略2.1t is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers，shelves. （nmet2003.d 篇）它是現(xiàn)在很暢銷的許多外語書中的一本。簡析：比喻生動形象。kleptomania is an il

31、lness of the mind that gives a person desire to steal. such a person is not really a thief. they are sick and cannot help themselves. all small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. people with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to

32、develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. with medical help they may become normal citizens again. they often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them6. what is the topic of the text?a. young thieves.b. an unusual illness.c reasons for

33、stealingd a normal child's actions.7. from the text we learn that small childrena. have little control of themselvesb.usually steal things blit grow up honestc. are usually kleptomaniacs d.like to give things away8. kleptomaniacs usually steal things thata. are valuable b are unimportant c. thei

34、r friends like d. they themselves need9. which of the following words can best replace （替 代）the word desire in the first sentence?a. chanceb powerc. rightd wish2）狀語從句狀語從句的判斷準則a. 主句不缺成分b. 從句不缺成分c. 沒有先行詞狀語從句的連接詞a.時間狀語從句l. but when john and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching c

35、ouldn't help laughing at the one who couldn't keep pace with the others as they march along. （nmet 98） 但當約翰和他的戰(zhàn)友們出現(xiàn)時，一些觀看的人們禁不住嘲笑那個在行進中不能同步的那個人 （約翰）。簡析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，關(guān)鍵詞keep pace with與步伐一致。b.地點狀語從句1 .where there is a will, there is a hope.c.方式狀語從句1. after all, eighty was a special birthday, anothe

36、r decade lived or endured, just as you choose to look at it.八十大壽，畢竟非同一般，不管怎么說你又活了十年，或者說熬了十年，是活還是熬，全在 于你怎么看了。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞endure (stand; bear; put up with)忍受。d. 原因狀語從句1 .thirty years after being introduced to mccauley's words, they still seem to me the best yardstick (準繩)，because they give us a way to m

37、easure ourselves rather than others. (nmet 96)在我知道瑪考雷名言三十年后，它對我來說仍是最好的人生準則，因為這句名言給我們提供 了一種衡量我們自己而不是他人的方法。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞introduce引見，例：let me introduce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting讓我給你說說品酒的樂趣。e. 結(jié)果狀語從句l. the research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it. (nmet2002 .34) 這項研究設(shè)

38、計得如此好以致一旦開始任何事都不可能改變它。簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語once begunof. 條件狀語從句1. if this state of affairs had lasted, english today would be close to german. (nmet2001. d 篇) 如果這種情況延續(xù)下去的話，那么今天的英語將和德語很相近。簡析：含虛擬語氣。2. the wto cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. (nmet

39、2000.21)世貿(mào)組織如果沒有一個占世界五分之一人口的大國加入的話，那么它就不能名副其實。 簡析：關(guān)鍵詞live up to one's name名副其實。g. 目的狀語從句1. he finished his work so that we can go back to the school immediately.h. 比較狀語從句1 .after all, ects idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth. (nmet2003)要記住

40、的是，伊德搞鍛煉的想法根本沒有進餐使用刀叉那么費力。簡析：含比較級句型。2. in fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it. (nmet91) 實際上，他越是觀看這臺戲劇，他越是認為自己已進入角色。簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)the more.the more.越越.3. it is said in australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it. (nmet2002 .33)據(jù)說在澳大利亞土地太多以致政府不

41、知道怎么去處理。簡析：含比較級句型。1. 讓步狀語從句1 .tales from animal hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat、dog or snake! （nmet2003.c 篇） 來自動物醫(yī)院（這個電視節(jié)目）的故事（這本書），將使這個電視節(jié)目的愛好者以及對無論 是貓、狗還是蛇這類寵物有濃厚興趣的任何人感到高興。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞fans愛好者，whether.or.,無論是還是。篇目1i h

42、ad just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang .it was an eccentric（'怪彳辟的） fanner. i had never met him before although i had often heard people talk about him. he sounded quite nervous and he had been taking for a minute or so before i understood anything. even then all i could ma

43、ke out was that some one called milly had had a very bad accident. i hadnt the slightest idea who she was but i obviously had to go.it had been snowing heavily that day and i didnt know the way. i had been driving for least an hour when i finally found his place. he was standing there, waiting for m

44、e. it seemed milly had died. "she meant more to me than anyone. even my own wife!" he said. i could see that he had been crying. i thought something terrible had taken place, a possible seandarhl用）.i was even more shocked when he told me he had put her in the bam（廄） “i wouldn9t leave her o

45、ut in the cold!" he said.milly had clearly been a secret lover of his. i was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the bam doo匚 he lifted his candle and i saw a dark figure on the ground. " she was such a good cow! i wouldnt let any one but a doctor t

46、ouch her 廣 he said, and burst into tears again.1 the underlined phrase make out in the first paragraph meansa. expect b. understand c see clearly d. hear clearly2. before he arrived at the farmer house, the writer expected to see milly lying.a. on the ground of a barnb. on the floor of a roomc in be

47、d in a roomd. in bed in a bam3. what do we know about milly from the story?a. she had met with an accident.b.she had caused a scandal.c. she was seriously ill.d.she was hidden somewhere.4. the farmer wished that the writer mighta. look into the matterb. bring milly back to lifec. free him from a sca

48、ndald keep the whole thing a secret5 the person who told the story is probably aa. farmerb. policeman c. country doctor d. newspaper reporter篇目2（c）most animals have little connection with animals of a different of kind, unless they hunt them for food. sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come to

49、gether in a partnership（伙伴關(guān) 系）which does good to both of them you may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep this is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites（寄半 蟲）on sheep. the sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discom

50、fort. soalthough they can manage without each other, they do better togethe匚sometimes an animal has a plant partne匚 the relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. this is so in the coials（珊壬胡）of the sea. in their skins they have tiny plants which act as "dust

51、marf； taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. if the plants are killed、or are even prevented from light so that they cannol live normally, the corals will die.1 some birds like to sit on a sheep because.a. they can eat its paras

52、itesb they depend on the sheep for existencec. they enjoy traveling with the sheepd. they find the position most comfortable2. the underlined word "they,t in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to.a. birds and parasitesb. birds and sheepc. parasites and sheepd. sheep, birds and para

53、sites3.it can be learnt from the text that the coral depends on the plant fora. comfortb. lightc. foodd. oxygen4. what does the second paragraph mainly discuss?a some animals and plants depend on each other for existenceb. some animals and plants develop their relationship easilyc some plants depend

54、 on each other for food.d some animals live better together.1. it seemed that there was no suitable work for him. （nmet 98 ）看來對他來說沒有合適的工作。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞suitable適合的。賓語從句的判斷準則a. 主句缺賓語b. 從句缺或不缺成分連接詞篇目1do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? do you know what is meant by "take only

55、as directed"? read the following directions and see 訐 you understand them.“ to reduce pain, take two tablets（藥片）with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required for night-time and early morning relief（緩角軍疼痛）take two tablets at bedtime. do not take more than six tablets in twent

56、y-four hoursfor children six to twelve years old, give half the amount（量） for children under six years old, ask your doctor advicereduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine： 1 how many tablets at most can a person over 12 have in 24 hours?a. three.b.

57、 four.c. six.d. eight.2 how many tablets should a nine-year-old child normally take in 24 hours?a. half a tablet. b. one tablet. c. two tablets. d. four tablets.3. what is the advice for one who cannot sleep well after taking the medicine?a. stop taking the medicine at bedtime.b.continue to take the

58、 normal amount.c. take more than the nonmal amount. d.take less than the normal amount.4. it can be inferred from the directions that this medicinea. helps you to fall asleep quickly b.may be dangerous to small childrenc. cannot be taken if one feels sleepyd.should not be taken by children under six5 this text is most probably taken from a.a. textbookb. newsreel c. doctor's notebook d. bottle of medicine篇目2decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matter