-翻譯疑點--動與靜

1、最新資料推薦-翻譯疑點-動與靜-翻譯疑點-動與靜在翻譯全過程中，譯者不僅要處理好難點問題，還應(yīng)注意處理好英漢兩種語言轉(zhuǎn)換時的一些突出疑點問題。它們既包括描述角度的問題，又涉及到組詞成句的特征。具體說來，這些疑點問題有動與靜、概略化與具體化、 有靈動詞與無靈動詞以及形合法與意合法。一、動與靜 英漢兩種語言在表述某一動作概念時均有一 個共同的特點：即既可選擇靜態(tài)的表述方式，也可選擇動態(tài)的表述方式。前者在英語中多以（be） +名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語句式 為主，在漢語中多以是+名詞/形容詞句式為主；后者則是指動作動 詞/動態(tài)動詞+其他句子成分這類句式，在英漢兩種語言中均十分常 見。英語由于其詞法

2、和句法體系有別于漢語（如英語中名詞、介詞占優(yōu)勢），所以在選擇表述動作意義的方式時常常是靜態(tài)表述方式 多于動態(tài)表述方式。這種以靜表動的方式使英語行文顯得更為精練和多樣化。而漢語卻因有多用動詞的固有習(xí)慣（漢語中常常出現(xiàn)大量兼動式 和連動式的說法） ，所以重動能描寫，在選擇表述動作意義的方 式時常常是動態(tài)表述方式多于靜態(tài)表述方式。這一差別在翻譯時必須妥善處理，而常用的方式有兩種:（一）化靜為動 化靜為動是指把原文的靜態(tài)句式轉(zhuǎn)換為動態(tài)句式，強化原文的動態(tài)色彩， 使譯文符合漢語的行文習(xí)慣,白流暢。英語中的靜態(tài)表述方式有無動詞句,例如:(1)Now for the discussi on.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行討論(2

3、)This way, please!請走這邊!(3)So far so good.到目前為止進(jìn)展不錯。be+動詞的同源名詞句式：(1)Sheis a good teacher.她教書教得好板。(2)(3)(4)He is a lover of pop music.He is the murderer of his boss.他喜歡流行音樂。他謀殺了老He has bee n the ruler of the regi on for as longas twenty years.他統(tǒng)治那個地區(qū)長達(dá) 20年之久。(5) Mary is a good lear ner .瑪莉善于學(xué)習(xí)。(6) He

4、was a good listener and they would like to talkwith him.他能傾聽別人的意見，因此他們喜歡同他談心。(7) Peter is a bad sailor.彼得暈船。(8) Cardiovascular disease is America n nu mber onekiller.在美國， 死于心血管疾病的人高居榜首。最新資料推薦我也常常有點胡思亂想。be+非動詞同源名詞句式：（1） My party was a quite affair.我的歡送會開得 很平靜。（2）There was no loud sound. Nothi ng asse

5、rted itssize in a brutal tumult of wi nd and thu nder.四周聽不見什么鬧聲。沒有任何東西以風(fēng)嘯雷鳴般的喧囂顯示其威力。（3）Excessive headli ne phrase condemn atio n is, of course, a possibility. 當(dāng)然，指責(zé)過分使用標(biāo)題式短語是可能 的。（4）It was only my capacity for hard work that savedmefrom early dismissal.要不是我能干重活，早就給辭退了 。（5）They were all eyes as the

6、prese nts were ope ned.禮品打開時，他們?nèi)褙炞⒌乜粗?。be+動詞的同源形容詞句式：（1） This program was notpopular with all of the troops.并不是所有軍隊的人都喜歡這個計劃。（2）He is content with such kind of life.他滿足于這樣的生活。（3） Joh n is quite familiar with the machi ne.約 翰十分熟悉這臺機器的性能。（4）An acquaintance with the modern Chinese history is helpful to

7、 the study of Chin ese revoluti on.了解一下中國近代史， 對研究中國革命是有幫助的。be+非動詞同源形容詞句式：（1）He was an able and a successful one.他為人能干，事業(yè)成功。（2） His ill health has bee n a very an xious bus in ess. 他身體不好令人十分擔(dān)憂。（3）I am quite ignorant of what they intend to do.我的確不知道他們打算干什么。（4）You shouldn ' t be sensitive about one

8、' sclothi ng.你不要太注重衣著了。be+副詞句式：（1） We must be off now. 我們得走了 。（2） The performa nee is on.演出已經(jīng)開始了 。（3） Their experime nt has bee n over.他們的實驗已 經(jīng)結(jié)束了。（4）I saw you out with a boy yesterday.昨天我看見你和一個男孩上街了。be+介詞短語句式：（1）Because of bad gover nment, the compa ny was inthe red.由于管理不善，公司出現(xiàn)虧損。（2）The factory

9、 is un der con structi on.工廠正在建造中。（二）化動為靜化動為靜就是把原文中的動態(tài)句式轉(zhuǎn)換為靜態(tài)句式。英語雖然喜歡選用靜態(tài)句式，但選用動態(tài)句式來敘述靜態(tài)的意義也是常有的事。這些動態(tài)句式極富修辭效果，常見于景物描寫。英語有些動態(tài)句式譯成靜態(tài)句式往往比譯成動態(tài)句式要好。例如：（1）To the south of the city lies a river.城南有一條河。（2） In front of me stood the esse ntial tools of thein tellige nee o fficer ' s trade -a desk, two

10、teleph on es, one scrambled for outside calls, and to one side a large gree n metal safe with an oversized comb in ati on lock on the front. 眼 前是干情報官這一行的基本用具一一張寫字臺，兩部電話， 一部裝有外線保密器，一側(cè)立著一個大型的綠色金屬保險柜，柜正面裝有特大號的號碼鎖。（3） Here, in the endless paper chase which began so clearly but ended in mymystery, lay th

11、e threads of my career. 這種無休無止的文檔追索游戲，始而目標(biāo)明確，終于迷霧一團(tuán)，貫穿其中的便是我的職業(yè)生涯(4) High in the Carolina mountains sits a orphanage.在卡羅來納山地咼處有一座孤兒院。此外，有些英語動態(tài)句的意義不易用漢語動態(tài)句來表達(dá)，或表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確、不流暢時，該動態(tài)句也需要轉(zhuǎn)換為靜態(tài)句。例如：(1) Sile nee followed this remark.話音落下，一陣沉默。(2) Our age is witnessing a profound politicalchange. 我們的時代是深刻的政治變化的見

12、證。(3) Its gleaming sands and backdrop of pine woodsand dista nt hills give it a pleasa nt and restful atmosphere.這 兒沙灘閃爍， 松林掩映， 遠(yuǎn)山連綿，自有一種心曠神怡的氣氛。(4) She knows what' s what.她很有鑒別力。(5) They thought differe ntly.他們想法不同。(6) It is chiefly characterized by its simplicity ofstructure.它的主要特點是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單。(7) Th

13、e room is well furnished.房間的陳設(shè)頗佳。%DdXy8Ss2M n) Hh! Bc Ww6Qq1LI*Ff#AaUu4Pp+Jj%eYy8St3Nn)Hi $CcWw7Rr1LI(Gg#AaVv5Pp+KkEeY z9Tt3No -li$CdXx7Rr 2Mm(Gg!BbVv5Q q0Kk FfZz9Tu 40o-lj%DdXx8Ss2Mm) Hh!BbW w6QqOLI*FfZAaUu40p+Jj%DeYy8Ss3Nn) Hh$ CcWw6R r1Ll*G最新資料推薦g#AaUv5Pp+JjEe Yy8Tt3N n)li$CcWx7Rr1Lm(Gg#AbVv5PpOK

14、kEeZz9Tt3Oo-li$DdXx7Rs2Mm(Gh!BbVv6QqOKk*FfZz9 Uu4Oo -Jj%DdXy8Ss2 Mn)Hh!BcWw6Qq1LI*Ff #AaUu4 Pp+Jj% EeYy8St3Nn) Hi$CcWw7Rr1LI (Gg#Aa Vv5Pp+ KkEe Yz9Tt3No-li$CdXx7Rr2Mm(Gg !BbVv5QqOKkFfZz9Tu40o-lj%DdXx 8Ss2M m) Hh! Bb Ww6Qq0Ll*Ff Z AaUu40p+Jj%D dYy8Ss2Nn) Hh ! CcWw6 Qr1Ll*Fg#AaUu5Pp+ JjEe Yy8Tt3Nn) li

15、$CcWx7Rr1Lm(Gg#AbVv5 Pp0Kk EeZz9Tt3Oo-li$DdXx 7Rs2Mm(Gh!BVv6QqOKk*FfZ z9Uu4Oo-Jj%DdXy8Ss2Mn) Hh !BcWw6Qq1Ll* Ff#AaUu4Pp+Jj%Ee Yy8St3 Nn ) Hi$CcWw7Rr1 LI(Gg#AaVv5Pp+KkEeYz9Tt3No-li$CdXx7 Rr2Mm(Gg!BbVv5QqOKkFfZz 9Tu4Oo -Ij%Dd Xx7Ss2Mm(Hh! B bVw6QqOKI*F fZzaUu4Oo+Jj %DdYy8Ss2Nn) H h!CcWw6Qr1L l*Fg#Aa U

16、u5Pp +JjEe Yy8Tt3N n) li$CcWx7R r1Lm(Gg #AbVv5PpOKkEeZz9Tt30o-li$DdXx7Rs2Mm(Gh!BbVv6QqOKk*FfZz9Uu40o-Jj% DdXy8Ss2M n) H h! BcWw6Qq1Ll *Ff#AaUu4Pp+ Jj%Ee Yy 8St3N n) Hi$CcWw7Rr 1LI(Gg#AaVv5 Pp+KkEe Yz9Tt3No-li$CdX x7Rr1Mm(Gg#BVv5PqOKkEf Zz9Tt4Oo-Ii% D dXx7Ss2Mm(Hh!BbVw6QqOKI *FfZzaUu40o+ J j%DdYy8Ss2

17、N n) Hh!CcWw6Qr 1LI*Fg#AaUu5Pp+JjEe Yy8Tt3N n)Ii$CcWx7Rr1Lm(Gg#Ab V v5PpOKkEeZ z9Tt30o -Ii$D dXx7Rs2Mm(Gh!BbVv6QqOKk* FfZz9Uu4 Oo-J j%DdXy8Ss2Mn )Hh!BcWw6Qq1 LI*Ff#AaUu4P p+Jj%EeYy8St 3N n) Hi$CcWw7 Rr1LI*Gg #AaU v5Pp+JkEeYy 9T t3Nn-li$CcXx7Rr1M m(Gg# BbVv5PqOKkE fZz9Tt4Oo-li %DdXx7Ss2Mm( Hh!BbVw6Qq

18、0K l* FfZzaUu4Oo +Jj%Dd Yy 8Ss2 Nn) Hh!CcWw6Q r1Ll*Fg#AaUu 5Pp+JjE eYy8 Tt3 Nn) Ii$CcW x7Rr1Lm(Gg#AbVv5PpOKkEe Zz9Tt3Oo-Ii$ D dXx7Rs2Mm(Gh!BbVv6Q q0K k*FfZz9Uu4Oo -J j%DdXy8Ss2 Mn) Hh! BcWw6Q q1LI*FfZAaUu 4O p+Jj%De Yy8Ss3N n) Hh $Cc!BcWw6Qq1Ll*Ff#AaUu4Pp+Jj%EeYy8St3Nn) Hi$CcWw7Rr1L l( Gg#AaVv5Pp+Kk

19、EeYz9Tt3 No-Ii$CdXx7R r2Mm(Gg! BbVv 5Qq0KkF fZz9 Tu4Oo-Ij%DdXx8Ss2Mm)Hh!BbWw6QqOLI*FfZAaUu4Op+Jj%De Yy8Ss3N n)Hh$CcWw6Rr1Ll*Gg#AaUv5Pp +JkE eYy9Tt3 Nn-li$CcXx7Rr1Mm(Gg#BbVv 5Pq0Kk EeZz9 Tt3Oo-Ii$DdXx7Rs2Mm(Gh! B bVv6QqOKk*Ff Zz9Uu4Oo-Jj% DdXy8Ss2M n) H h! BcW w6Qq1Ll *Ff#AaUu4Pp+ Jj%Ee Yy8St3N n) Hi

20、$CcWw7R1 LI(Gg#AaVv 5 Pp+KkEeYz9T3No- li$CdXx 7Rr2Mm(Gg!B b Vv5QqOKkFfZ z9Tu4 Oo-Ij%D dXx8Ss2Mm) Hh!BbWw6Qq0LI* FfZAaU u4Op+Jj%De Yy8Ss3N n) Hh$CcWw6Rr11l*Gg# AaUv5Pp+JkEe Yy9Tt3 Nn) Ii$CcWx7 Rr1Lm( Gg#AbV v5PpOKkEeZz9Tt3Oo-li$Dd Xx7Rs2Mm(Gh! BbVv6QqOKk* F fZz9Uu4Oo-Jj %DdXy8Ss2M n) Hh!BcW w6Qq1LI*F

21、f#AaUu4P p+Jj%EeYy8St 3Nn) Hi$CcWw7Rr1LI(Gg#AaV v5Pp+Kk EeYz 9Tt3No-Ii$CdXx7Rr2Mm(Gg! BbVv5Q qOKkF最新資料推薦fZz9Tu4Oo-lj%DdXx8Ss2Mm)Hh!BbWw6QqOLl*FfZAaUu40p+Jj%De Yy8Ss3Nn)Hh!CcWw6Qr1LI*Fg#AaUu5Pp+JjEeYy8 Tt3Nn)li$CcW x7Rr1Lm(Gg#AbVv5PpOKkEe Zz9Tt3Oo-li$ DdXx7Rs2Mm(Gh! BbVv6QqOKk *FfZz9Uu4Oo- Jj%DdXy8Ss

22、2M n) Hh!BcWw6Qq1Ll*Ff# AaUu4 Pp+Jj%Ee Yy8St3 Nn) Hi$CcWw 7Rr1Ll( Gg#Aa Vv5Pp+KkEeY z9Tt3No-li$C dXx7Rr 2Mm(Gg !BbVv5QqOKkFfZz9Tu40o-l j%DdXx8Ss2Mm ) Hh!BbVw6Qq0KI*FfZzaUu4O o+Jj%Dd Yy8Ss2Nn)Hh!CcWw6Qr1Ll*Fg#AaU u5Pp+JjEe Yy8Tt3 Nn) Ii$C cWx7Rr1Lm(Gg #AbVv5Pp 0Kk EeZz9Tt3Oo-l i$DdXx7Rs2Mm (Gh!BbV v6

23、Qq0 Kk*FfZz9Uu4O o -Jj%DdXy8Ss 2Mn) Hh!BcWw6 Qq1Ll*Ff#AaU u4Pp+Jj%Ee Yy8St3 Nn) H i$Cc Ww7Rr1Ll(Gg#A aVv5Pp+Kk匡 Yz9Tt3N o-li $CdXx7Rr2Mm( G g! BbVv5PqOK kEfZz9T t4Oo -Ii%DdXx7Ss2 M m(Hh! BbVw60KI*FfZzaUu 4Oo+Jj%Dd Yy8Bs2N n) Hh! CcWw6Qr1Ll* Fg#A aUu5Pp+JjEe Y y8Tt3Nn) li$ CcWx7Rr1Lm(Gg#AbVv5PpOKk Ee

24、Zz9Tt3Oo- Ii$DdXx 7Rs2M m(Gh!BbVv6Qq 0Kk*FfZz9Uu4 Oo-Jj%Dd XDdX x7Ss2Mm(Hh!B bVw6QqOKI*Ff ZzaUu4Oo +Jj% DdY y8Ss2N n) H h!CcWw6Qr1LI *Fg#AaUu 4Pp+ Jj%Ee Yy8St3N n ) Hi$C cWw7Rr1LI(Gg#A aVv 5Pp+KkEeYz9 Tt3No-Ii$CdX x7Rr2Mm(G g!B bVv5QqOKkFf Zz9Tu4Oo-Ij% DdXx8Ss2Mm) H h!BbWw6QqOLI *FfZAaUu40p+Jj%De Yy

25、8Ss3Ni) Hh$CcWw6RTLI*Gg#AaUv5 Pp+JkEeYy9T t3Nn-li$CcXx 7R r1Mm(Gg#Bb Vv5PqOKk EfZ z9Tt4Oo-li%D dX x7Ss2Mm(Hh !BbVw6QqOKI* FfZzaUu4Oo-Jj%DdXy8Ss2M n) Hh! BcWw6Qq1LI*Ff#AaUu4Pp+Jj%Ee Yy8St3 Nn)Hi$CcWw7Rr1LI(Gg#AaVv5Pp+KkEeY z9Tt3No-li$CdXx7Rr2Mm(Gg!BbVv5QqOKkFfZz9 Tu4Oo-Ij%DdXx8Ss2MmH h! B bWw6QqOLI*F

26、f ZAaUu4Op+Jj%DeYy8Ss3Nn) H h$CcW w6Rr1Ll *Gg#AaUv5Pp+JkEe Yy9Tt3Nn-li$CcXx7Rr1Mm(Gg#BbVv5PqOKkEfZz9T t4Oo-Ii$DdXx 7Rs2Mm(Gh!B bVv6QqOKk*FfZ z9Uu4 Oo-Jj%D dXy8Ss2 Mn) Hh!BcWw6Qq1Ll* Ff*FfZ zaUu40o+Jj%Dd Yy8Ss2N n)Hh!CcWw6 Qr1Ll* Fg#AaUu5Pp+JjEe Yy8Tt3 Nn)Ii$CcWx7Rr1Lm(Gg#AbVv5PpOKkEeZz9Tt30o-li $DdX

27、x7Rs2MmGh!BbVv6Qq0Kk*FfZz9Uu4Oo-Jj%DdXy8Ss2 Mn) Hh! BcWw6Qq1Ll*Ff#AaU u4Pp+Jj%EeYy 8St3Nn) Hi$CcWw6Rr1LI*Gg# AaUv5Pp +JkEeY y9Tt3 Nn-li$CcXx7Rr1Mm(Gg#BbV v5Pq0KkEfZz9Tt4Oo-li%DdXx7Ss2Mm(Hh!BbVw6QqOKI*FfZzaUu40o+Jj%DdYy8 Ss2Nn) H h!CcW w6Qr1LI*Fg#A a Uu5Pp+JjEe Yy8Tt3N n) li$ CcWx7Rr1Lm(G g #AbVv5PpOKk EeZz9T t3Oo- li$DdXx7Rs2Mm(Gh!BbVv6QcpKk