中考英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) 經(jīng)典ppt課件

1、12 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)： 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ( Active Voice) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ( Passive Voice) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.3be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞有人稱(chēng)，數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化有人稱(chēng)，數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化41. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was / were + 過(guò)

2、去分詞過(guò)去分詞 3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will+ be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were+ being + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 7. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had + been + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would+ be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞9. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 歌訣：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)歌訣：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)b

3、e字變，過(guò)去分詞跟后面字變，過(guò)去分詞跟后面三、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)三、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)51） 不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)2）沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)）沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)Eg. The house was built in 1950. 這座房子是這座房子是1950年建的。年建的。Eg. Many trees must be planted every year. 每年必須種許多樹(shù)。每年必須種許多樹(shù)。63） 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者（即賓語(yǔ)）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者（即賓語(yǔ)） Eg. Calculator cant be used in the math exa

4、m. 計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。4）動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是人）動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是人Eg. Many houses were washed away in the flood. 許多房子在洪水中被沖走了。許多房子在洪水中被沖走了。7五、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)五、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的被動(dòng)形式即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的被動(dòng)形式即be+過(guò)去分詞，（注意其人稱(chēng)和數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)做出變過(guò)去分詞，（注意其人稱(chēng)和數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)做出變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。）化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。）3. 主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中主動(dòng)句的

5、主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中by的賓語(yǔ)（賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。的賓語(yǔ)（賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4. 其它的成分（定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)）不變。其它的成分（定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)）不變。8They make the bikes in the factory. . The bikesin the factory.are madethembyWe speak English.by us.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Englishis spoken 91.People play football all over the world.2. The old man on TV te

6、lls a story on Sunday.3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. Football is played all over the world by people.A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday.The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully. 把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。10六、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況六、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況1.在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中, ,使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞mak

7、e, let, have等及感官動(dòng)詞等及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, hear, notice, feel等等,其后跟省其后跟省to的的動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式(即動(dòng)詞原形即動(dòng)詞原形),在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),必須加上不定式符號(hào)必須加上不定式符號(hào)to。 1) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 2) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. 112. 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可以把指含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)

8、句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可以把指“人人”的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，也可把指的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，也可把指“物物”的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，但直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前需加上的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，但直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前需加上to或或for. He gave me a book yesterday.(=he gave a book to me yesterday.) I was given a book by him yesterday. A book was given to me by him yesterday.3.許多由不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，介詞、許多由不及

9、物動(dòng)詞加介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，介詞、副詞不能丟掉。副詞不能丟掉。 We should take care of the children. The children should be taken care of.(of不可省不可省)124.下列動(dòng)詞下列動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： happen, take place, belong to, cost, take . eg. An accident happened yesterday. 5. 物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， want/need/require/be worth + doing相當(dāng)于相

10、當(dāng)于want/need/require/be worth + to be doneMy bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行車(chē)需要修理。我的自行車(chē)需要修理。131) 表事物自然屬性的動(dòng)詞（表事物自然屬性的動(dòng)詞（read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink ）和和well/badly/easily/fast/smoothly)連用且主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義連用且主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義The

11、pen writes very fast.這支筆寫(xiě)得很流暢。這支筆寫(xiě)得很流暢。This book sells well. 這本書(shū)暢銷(xiāo)。這本書(shū)暢銷(xiāo)。 6. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)This kind of cloth washes easily這種布很容易洗。這種布很容易洗。 2) 連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become等用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。等用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。Peking Opera sounds beautiful.141.English _ in many countries, but Chinese _ thei

12、r own languages. A. is spoken, speak B. speaks, is spokenC. is spoken, speaken D. is spoken, is spoken2.A big cinema _ in our town next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has built3.This book _ by a famous writer many years ago. A. writes B. is written C. was writen D. was written15

13、1. -Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. -I think a bridge _ over the river. A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built 2He is made _ for12 hours every day. Awork B working Cto work D. worked 3. The girl was often heard_ happily in her room.

14、A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings164. The apple _ very sweet. A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting 5. What you said _ like a good idea. A.is heard B. is listened C. sound D. sounded 6. -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time. A. watching B. watched C.

15、 seen D. seeing 7. How dirty the tables are! They need_. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 178. Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. were taken place B. have taken place C. were happened D. have happened 9. A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is

16、told us D. told us18五、下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正過(guò)來(lái)。五、下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正過(guò)來(lái)。 1)I have a lot of homework to be done tonight2)Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？3)Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people4)The music is sounded beautiful. 5)By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? d

17、otoissoundswhom1.樹(shù)要在春天種樹(shù)要在春天種;2.樹(shù)坑要挖得夠大樹(shù)坑要挖得夠大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把樹(shù)放進(jìn)坑里把樹(shù)放進(jìn)坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用腳踩實(shí)用腳踩實(shí);5.在旁邊插一根堅(jiān)實(shí)的長(zhǎng)棍子在旁邊插一根堅(jiān)實(shí)的長(zhǎng)棍子,并且保證棍子插直了并且保證棍子插直了;6.用繩子（用繩子（rope）把棍子和樹(shù)綁起來(lái)）把棍子和樹(shù)綁起來(lái)7.澆好水澆好水. 根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)一篇以根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)一篇以How to Plant a Tree?為題目的短文，要求內(nèi)容齊全，為題目的短文，要求內(nèi)容齊全，上下文連貫。盡量使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，上下文連貫。盡量使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，80詞左右。詞左右。1.樹(shù)要在春

18、天樹(shù)要在春天種種;2.樹(shù)坑要樹(shù)坑要挖挖得得夠大夠大,但不要但不要太深太深;3.把把樹(shù)樹(shù)放進(jìn)放進(jìn)坑里坑里, 扶直扶直;4.把把泥泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用腳腳踩實(shí)踩實(shí);5.在旁邊在旁邊插插一根堅(jiān)實(shí)的長(zhǎng)棍子一根堅(jiān)實(shí)的長(zhǎng)棍子,并且并且保證保證棍子插棍子插直直了了;6.用用繩子（繩子（rope）把把棍子棍子和和樹(shù)樹(shù)綁起綁起來(lái)來(lái)7.澆好水澆好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe tied to withbe wa

19、tered well Trees must be planted in Spring. The hole must be dug large enough but not too deep. Put the tree into the hole and it must be kept straight. Push the earth back to the hole and it must be pushed hard with your feet. Knock a long and strong stick into the earth beside the tree and it must

20、 be kept straight. Trees can be tied to the stick with a rope. And they must be watered well. 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have (has) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱(chēng)。用于其他所有人稱(chēng)。 （1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞just，already, before,

21、 yet, never, ever等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. （2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^(guò)也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如：如：for和和since，以及以及 so far, now, today,