美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)過簡介American Civil War

1、American Civil War1.The Origin of Civil WarThe first part is the origin of Civil War. In its early independence US has only 13 states and in early 19th century up to 25 states, until 20th century up to 50 states.This is a sketch map of American territorial expansion. I want to mention Westward Movem

2、ent which promote the development of western industry. This is the difference between north and south.Northern capitalist Industrial and Commercial economy,1810-1860 American industrial output increased by 9 times. While the northern industrial output accounting for the proportion of 91% , accountin

3、g for 75% of the GDPSouthern plantation slavery economy,In 1790 the number of Southern slaves up to 67.7 million, and by 1860 the number increased to 400 million.Planters squeezed a profit of $ 80 from every slave, to the year of 1860 squeezed profits rose to $ 1400-2000 per person.Everywhere in the

4、 south to sell slaves in the scene.Everyone has heard of this novel Uncle Toms Cabin,an anti-slavery novel.To a certain extent, it led to regional conflicts in the civil war in the US.It is the contradiction whether to keep or abolish slavery that result in Civil War. The conflicting focuses are the

5、 contradiction between northern capitalist Industrial and Commercial economy and southern plantation slavery economy.2.The development of Civil WarDevelopment timeline -BeforeThe Compromise of 1850 was formally proposed by Clay and guided to passage by Douglas over Northern Whig and Southern Democra

6、t opposition. It was enacted September 1850:1. California admitted as a free state;2. Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory organized with slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty;3. Texas dropped its claim to land ,in return for the assumption of $10 million of the old republic's debt.4.

7、Slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C. (but not slavery itself);5. The Fugitive Slave Act was strengthened.11850妥協(xié)是由粘土正式提出并由道格拉斯引導(dǎo)穿越北方輝格黨人和南方民主黨人反對(duì)。這是九月頒布的1850：加利福尼亞承認(rèn)作為一個(gè)自由的國家；猶他州和墨西哥州的新領(lǐng)地，由受歡迎的主權(quán)決定；德克薩斯放棄了對(duì)土地的要求，以換取1000萬美元的舊共和國債務(wù)的假設(shè)。奴隸貿(mào)易在華盛頓被廢除，但不是奴隸制度本身）；逃亡奴隸法得到加強(qiáng)。The KansasNebraska A

8、ct of 1854 legislated this doctrine.1854堪薩斯內(nèi)布拉斯加法案立法，這一學(xué)說。The KansasNebraska Act of 1854 (10 Stat. 277) created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and was drafted by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois and President Franklin Pierce. The initial purpose of the KansasNebraska Ac

9、t was to open up thousands of new farms and make a feasible Midwestern Transcontinental Railroad. The popular sovereignty clause of the law led pro-slavery and anti-slavery elements to flood into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down, resulting in Bleeding Kansas.21854堪薩斯內(nèi)布拉斯加法案（10 Stat.

10、 277）創(chuàng)建了堪薩斯和內(nèi)布拉斯加領(lǐng)地是由民主黨參議員史蒂芬道格拉斯的伊利諾斯總統(tǒng)富蘭克林起草?？八_斯的內(nèi)布拉斯加法案的最初目的是為了打開成千上萬的新農(nóng)場，制定切實(shí)可行的中西部鐵路。該法的受歡迎的主權(quán)條款導(dǎo)致了親和反奴隸制的因素，以堪薩斯為目標(biāo)，投票反對(duì)或下降，導(dǎo)致出血堪薩斯。Republican Party was founded in 1854 in the northern . Bleeding Kansas. presaged the Civil War.流血的堪薩斯預(yù)示著內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。The actions of abolitionist John BrownPerceived insult

11、s to Southern collective honor included the enormous popularity of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) and the actions of abolitionist John Brown in trying to incite a slave rebellion in 1859.3認(rèn)為南方集體榮譽(yù)的侮辱，包括湯姆叔叔的小屋的巨大成功（1852） 62 和廢奴主義者約翰布朗動(dòng)作試圖煽動(dòng)1859奴隸起義。In 1860, Lincoln who advocate the abolition of slaver

12、y was elected president1860年主張廢除奴隸制的林肯當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)【Lincoln's electionThe election of Abraham Lincoln in November 1860 was the final trigger for secession.Efforts at compromise, including the "Corwin Amendment" and the "Crittenden Compromise", failed. Southern leaders feared that Linc

13、oln would stop the expansion of slavery and put it on a course toward extinction. The slave states, which had already become a minority in the House of Representatives, were now facing a future as a perpetual minority in the Senate and Electoral College against an increasingly powerful North. 林肯的當(dāng)選亞

14、伯拉罕林肯在1860十一月選舉脫離最終觸發(fā)。 66 妥協(xié)，包括“科溫修正案”和“克里坦登妥協(xié)”，失敗。南方的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人擔(dān)心，林肯會(huì)停止奴隸制的擴(kuò)展，并把它放在一個(gè)課程走向滅絕。在眾議院，已經(jīng)成為少數(shù)民族的奴隸，現(xiàn)在面臨著一個(gè)未來，作為一個(gè)永久的少數(shù)人在參議院和選舉團(tuán)對(duì)一個(gè)日益強(qiáng)大的北方?！緿evelopment timeline - OutbreakOn December 18, 1860, the Crittenden Compromise was proposed to re-establish the Missouri Compromise line by constitutionally

15、banning slavery in territories to the north of the line while guaranteeing it to the south. The adoption of this compromise would have likely prevented the secession of every southern state apart from South Carolina, but Lincoln and the Republicans rejected it.41860年12月18日，Crittenden妥協(xié)提出了重建的密蘇里妥協(xié)線通過

16、憲法禁止奴隸制的領(lǐng)土分界線以北的同時(shí)保證它的南部。這種妥協(xié)可能采用會(huì)阻止每一個(gè)南方州的分裂除了南卡羅來納州，但林肯和共和黨拒絕。1860.12.20 the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal UnionThe convention summoned unanimously voted to secede on December 20, 1860 and adopted the "Declaration of the Immediate Causes which induce and justify the Secession o

17、f South Carolina from the Federal Union". 會(huì)議召集全體一致投票決定脫離聯(lián)邦在1860年12月20日通過的“直接原因?qū)е律陥?bào)證明南卡羅萊納州脫離聯(lián)邦”。The remaining eight slave states join the ConfederacyThe "cotton states" of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas followed, seceding in January and February 1861.“棉花州

18、”佛羅里達(dá)州，阿拉巴馬州，密西西比州，佐治亞州，路易斯安那和德克薩斯緊隨其后，在一月獨(dú)立，二月1861。1861.2Formed Confederate Government of President Davies于1861年2月組成邦聯(lián)政府，戴維斯任總統(tǒng)。Southern slave states have independently formed Confederate Government of President Davies in February 1861.4the Confederates preemptive captured Fort Sumter 1861.4the同盟者搶

19、占薩姆特堡1861,同年4月南方邦聯(lián)軍先發(fā)制人攻占薩姆特要塞，南大西洋沿岸最強(qiáng)大的要塞于是落于南方邦聯(lián)之手,內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)。In April of the same year the Confederates preemptive captured Fort Sumter .The most powerful fortress along the coast of southern the Atlantic fall in Confederate hands, then the Civil War outbreak.Development timelineLimited war-Eastern th

20、eater1861年4月至1862年9月是“有限戰(zhàn)爭”階段。雙方都集中兵力于東戰(zhàn)場為爭奪對(duì)方首都而展開激戰(zhàn)。南方軍隊(duì)統(tǒng)帥是杰出軍事家羅伯特·李，他根據(jù)雙方力量懸殊的狀況，制定了以攻為守的戰(zhàn)略，集中兵力尋殲北軍主力，迫使北方簽訂城下之盟。而北方對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭準(zhǔn)備不足，又采取了所謂的“大蛇計(jì)劃”，把兵力分散在8000英里長的戰(zhàn)線上，加上同情奴隸主的指揮官麥克萊蘭采取消極戰(zhàn)術(shù)，使北軍連連受挫。下面是這部分的主要的一系列戰(zhàn)爭 "Limited war" stage started from April 1861 to September 1862. Both the sides

21、concentrated on the east fighting to compete for capitals of each other. Robert E. Lee, Southern army commander, was an outstanding military strategist; he depended on both the power disparity between the situations, developed a strategy for taking the offensive, concentrated forces to annihilate th

22、e main army of the North and forced the North to sign Peace Agreements. While the North was unprepared and taken the so-called "snake plan".The commander McClellan showed sympathy to slave owners and took a negative tactics, which caused the Northern Army continued to suffer. The following

23、 parts are the main wars:Battle of First ManassasIn July 1861 Eastern theater, Battle of First Manassas broke out.Confederate victory: McDowell loses to J.E. Johnston, Beauregard; Jackson named "Stonewall".盟軍的勝利：麥克道威爾輸給J.E.莊士敦，杰克遜命名為“石墻”。Peninsula Campaign1862.3-5半島戰(zhàn)役The war began in earne

24、st in 1862. Upon the strong urging of President Lincoln to begin offensive operations, McClellan attacked Virginia in the spring of 1862 by way of the peninsula between the York River and James River, southeast of Richmond. Although McClellan's army reached the gates of Richmond in the Peninsula

25、 Campaign, Johnston halted his advance at the Battle of Seven Pines, then General Robert E. Lee and top subordinates James Longstreet and Stonewall Jackson defeated McClellan in the Seven Days Battles and forced his retreat.5少將喬治B.麥克萊倫于7月26日拍攝的波托馬克聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)的命令（他總聯(lián)盟軍隊(duì)，一般是簡單但隨后被解除職務(wù)的少將亨利W.哈勒克青睞），而戰(zhàn)爭真正開始于18

26、62。在林肯總統(tǒng)的強(qiáng)烈要求下開始進(jìn)攻，麥克萊倫進(jìn)攻弗吉尼亞1862春季的約克河和杰姆斯河之間的半島，位于里士滿東南部。雖然在半島戰(zhàn)役麥克萊倫的軍隊(duì)到了里士滿的大門， 136 137 138 莊士敦停止了他的前進(jìn)在七松之戰(zhàn)，然后羅伯特將軍和前下屬杰姆斯朗斯特里特和杰克遜擊敗麥克萊倫在七天的戰(zhàn)斗，迫使他退卻。The Seven-Days Battles were a series of six major battles over the seven days from June 25 to July 1, 1862, near Richmond, Virginia, during the Ame

27、rican Civil War. 七天的戰(zhàn)斗是一個(gè)系列的六大戰(zhàn)役的七天，從6月25日到1862年7月1日，附近的里士滿，弗吉尼亞州，美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)期。七日之戰(zhàn)標(biāo)志著半島戰(zhàn)役的北方的失敗Seven-day battles marked the failure of the north in the peninsula campaign.是一場著名的以少勝多的戰(zhàn)爭，李憑借此一戰(zhàn)打出名將的威風(fēng)。It was a famous war with few armies beating the enemies, which made Lee well-known.In July defeated by the

28、 Confederate lead by Robert. Lee, victory Lee to move northwards;7月被羅伯特.李指揮的南軍擊潰，李乘勝北進(jìn)，8月在布爾河再次擊敗北軍，兵臨華盛頓，the Yankees in August again was beated in Boolean river and capture Washington;The Battle of Antietam McClellan and Lee fought at the Battle of Antietam near Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 1

29、7, 1862, the bloodiest single day in United States military history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing.Antietam is considered as a Union victory because it halted Lee's invasion of the North and provided an opportunity for Lincoln to announce his Emancipation Proclamation

30、.6麥克萊倫和李戰(zhàn)斗在安蒂特姆戰(zhàn)役馬里蘭夏普斯堡附近，1862年9月17日，在美國軍事史上最血腥的一天，有22717人死亡，受傷或失蹤，聯(lián)合起來。 139 141 李的軍隊(duì)，檢查，最后回到弗吉尼亞麥克萊倫可以摧毀它。戰(zhàn)是一個(gè)聯(lián)盟的勝利，因?yàn)樗柚估钊肭直狈綖榱挚闲冀夥排`宣言的機(jī)會(huì)。這是北方在東線的第一場勝利This was the first success of the North in the Eastern Theater.Battle of FredericksburgDecember 13, 1862Confederate victory: Lee beats back repe

31、ated frontal assaults by BurnsideDevelopment timeline Limited war - Western theaterBattle of Fort DonelsonFebruary 1116, 1862Gen. Ulysses S. Grant from an obscure and largely unproven leader to the rank of major general, and earned him the nickname of "Unconditional Surrender" Grant.尤利西斯將軍

32、格蘭特從一個(gè)默默無聞的，主要是未經(jīng)證實(shí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人少將軍銜，并為他贏得了綽號(hào)“無條件投降”格蘭特。The Battle of Hampton Roads, often referred to as either the Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack (or Virginia) or the Battle of Ironclads, was the most noted and arguably most important naval battle of the American Civil War from the standpoint of the d

33、evelopment of navies.漢普頓路戰(zhàn)役，通常被稱為戰(zhàn)斗班長和梅里（或弗吉尼亞）或鐵甲艦的戰(zhàn)斗，是最著名的，從海軍發(fā)展的角度對(duì)美國南北戰(zhàn)爭最重要的海戰(zhàn)。Battle of Shiloh April 67, 1862The Battle of Shiloh was the bloodiest battle in American history up to that time, 夏伊洛戰(zhàn)役是美國歷史上到那時(shí)最血腥的戰(zhàn)斗The capture of New Orleans (April 25 May 1, 1862) during the American Civil War was

34、 an important event for the Union. This capture of the largest Confederate city was a major turning point and an incident of international importance.在美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間，新奧爾良（1862年5月1日- 4月25日）的占領(lǐng)是聯(lián)合會(huì)的一項(xiàng)重要活動(dòng)。這是最大的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)和一個(gè)事件的國際重要性，這是最大的南方聯(lián)盟的城市。Siege of CorinthApril 29 May 30, 1862MississippiUnion victory: Union for

35、ces capture town, Beauregard tricks Union in order to escape to Tupelo.戰(zhàn)爭從1862年9月進(jìn)入了“革命戰(zhàn)爭階段”。It entered the Revolutionary War stage from September 1862.    林肯政府在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)初期進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)爭的目的是恢復(fù)南北的統(tǒng)一，擔(dān)心觸動(dòng)奴隸制度會(huì)把一些邊境奴隸州推向南方叛亂者一方，從而失掉邊境諸州這個(gè)重要的戰(zhàn)略地區(qū)。由于北方政府不肯宣布解放奴隸。因此，在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)第一階段，北方在軍事上連遭失敗。北軍雖然在西線取得一系列輝煌戰(zhàn)果，

36、從南軍手中奪取了幾個(gè)重要戰(zhàn)略據(jù)點(diǎn)，但是這些戰(zhàn)果都被東線的慘敗所抵消。在北方軍事上屢次失敗的情況下，共和黨內(nèi)部的激進(jìn)派及社會(huì)上的廢權(quán)主義者提出解放奴隸和武裝黑人的主張。林肯也意識(shí)到解放奴隸的必要性。The objective of North and South Lincoln government in the early years of the civil war was unify, they worried that the change slavery will push some of the slave in the states border toward the southe

37、rn rebels, thus losing the border states that is important region.As the northern government refused to declare the liberation of slaves. Therefore, in the first phase of the civil war, the North has failed in the military. Union although in the West made a series of brilliant victories, achieve the

38、 important strategic strong hold from the hands of the Yugoslav army, but these victories are offset by the defeat of the East. Lincoln was also aware of the need to emancipate slavesDevelopment timelineRevolutionary War -Lincoln administrationHomestead Act of 1862Homestead Act in a certain extent t

39、o meet the Western reclamation the land requirement of the farmer, establish peasant land ownership, which is the US development of agricultural capitalism has created favorable conditions, homestead act-the most effective to promote the development of the western.宅地法規(guī)定，凡一家之長或年滿21歲、從未參加叛亂之合眾國公民，在宣誓獲

40、得土地是為了墾殖目的并繳納10美元費(fèi)用后，均可登記領(lǐng)取總數(shù)不超過160英畝（1英畝=0.40公頃）宅地，登記人在宅地上居住并耕種滿5年，就可獲得土地執(zhí)照而成為該項(xiàng)宅地的所有者。宅地法還規(guī)定一項(xiàng)折償條款，即如果登記人提出優(yōu)先購買的申請(qǐng)，可于6個(gè)月后，以每英畝1.25美元的價(jià)格購買之。 Proclamation In 1861, Lincoln worried that premature attempts at emancipation would mean the loss of the border states, and that "to lose Kentucky is nea

41、rly the same as to lose the whole game." 1861、林肯擔(dān)心過早嘗試解放意味著邊境國家的損失，而“失去肯塔基是幾乎一樣，滿盤皆輸?！盜t had the practical effect that as soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of federal troops, the slave became legally free. 它有了一個(gè)實(shí)用的效果，即一旦一個(gè)奴隸逃離

42、了聯(lián)邦政府的控制，或者通過聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)的進(jìn)步，奴隸就變成了合法的自由。It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in ten states.The Proclamation was based on the president's constitutional authority as commander in chief of the armed forces;it was not a law passed by Congress. The Proclamation also ordered that suitable persons among those

43、 freed could be enrolled into the paid service of United States' forces, and ordered the Union Army (and all segments of the Executive branch) to "recognize and maintain the freedom of" the ex-slaves. The Proclamation did not compensate the owners, did not outlaw slavery, and did not g

44、rant citizenship o the ex-slaves (called freedmen).7 Development timeline -Revolutionary War Battle of Chancellorsville April 30 May 6, 1863 VirginiaConfederate victory: Lee defeats Hooker's Army of Potomac, Jackson mortally wounded.The Battle of Chancellorsville It was fought from April 30 to M

45、ay 6, 1863。 Chancellorsville is known as Lee's "perfect battle".維爾被稱為李的“完美的戰(zhàn)役”因?yàn)樗半U(xiǎn)決定將他的軍隊(duì)在一個(gè)更大的敵人的力量的存在，導(dǎo)致在一個(gè)顯著的同盟勝利。勝利，Siege of VicksburgMay 18 July 4, 1863MississippiUnion victory: the siege ends; Grant accepts surrender of second Confederate army under Pemberton.The Siege of Vicksb

46、urg (May 18 July 4, 1863) was the final major military action in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War.維克斯堡的圍攻（5月18日1863年7月4日）是最主要的軍事行動(dòng)在美國南北戰(zhàn)爭的維克斯堡戰(zhàn)役。是最后一個(gè)主要據(jù)點(diǎn)維克斯堡南方密西西比河上；因此，捕捉它完成了北部戰(zhàn)略的第二部分，蟒蛇計(jì)劃。至此，北方控制了密西西比河，將南方領(lǐng)土一切兩半。So far, the North controlled the Mississippi River and the southern t

47、erritory was divided into two parts.Battle of Brandy Station June 9, 1863VirginiaThe Battle of Brandy Station was the largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the American Civil War, as well as the largest ever to take place on American soil. This battle marked the end of the Confederate cavalry&

48、#39;s dominance in the East. 白蘭地車站戰(zhàn)役是美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)最大的主要是騎兵的參與，以及規(guī)模最大的一次發(fā)生在美國。這場戰(zhàn)役標(biāo)志著盟軍在東部的優(yōu)勢地位結(jié)束了。Battle of GettysburgJuly 13, 1863Pennsylvania東Union victory: Lee loses to Meade, Pickett's Charge fails, ends second and last invasion of North. The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the en

49、tire war13 and is often described as the war's turning point.8Between 46,000 and 51,000 soldiers from both armies were casualties in the three-day battle, the most costly in US history.從兩支軍隊(duì)的46000名士兵和51000名士兵之間，在三天的戰(zhàn)斗中傷亡慘重，這是美國歷史上最為昂貴的。11月19日，林肯總統(tǒng)的葛底斯堡國家公墓落成典禮上的榮譽(yù)倒下的士兵和重新定義他的葛底斯堡演說的歷史戰(zhàn)爭的目的。這次大戰(zhàn)是

50、內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中最激烈的一次，戰(zhàn)場上有棵樹竟身中250彈。這一仗扭轉(zhuǎn)了東線戰(zhàn)局，從此北方完全掌握了主動(dòng)權(quán)。The war was the most intense battle during the civil war and a tree should have 250 bombs . The battle reversed the Eastern war. From then the North fully grasped the initiative.Second Battle of Fort WagnerJuly 18, 1863South CarolinaConfederate victory

51、: second of two Union attempts to take Ft. Wagner fails, heroism of the 54th Massachusetts.此戰(zhàn)因?yàn)榉侵抟崦绹说膴^力拼殺而成為政治上的宣傳工具，但其實(shí)卻是南軍取得了決定性的勝利的關(guān)鍵。Because of African-Americans struggle, this war become the tool of political propaganda, but in fact it was the critical decisive victory of Southern Army.The Bat

52、tle of Chickamauga, fought September 1920, 1863,1 The battle was the most significant Union defeat in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.奇克莫加戰(zhàn)役、戰(zhàn)斗9月19日20，1863。戰(zhàn)斗是在美國南北戰(zhàn)爭的西方戲劇最重要的聯(lián)盟失敗，卷入戰(zhàn)爭的傷亡人數(shù)第二位以下的葛底斯堡戰(zhàn)役。The Chattanooga Campaign November 2325, 1863TennesseeUnion victory: Grant defeats Br

53、axton Bragg and relieves Union forces besieged in Chattanooga.Bragg's defeat eliminated theDevelopment timeline -End of warBattle of the WildernessMay 57, 1864VirginiaInconclusive: Grant and Lee meet inconclusively.The Battle of the Wilderness, fought May 57, 1864, was the first battle of Lt. Ge

54、n. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Virginia Overland Campaign against Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War. 荒原之戰(zhàn)，戰(zhàn)斗5月5日7，1864，是少尉尤利西斯S格蘭特1864弗吉尼亞陸路攻打羅伯特李將軍和美國南北戰(zhàn)爭中北部弗吉尼亞同盟軍的第一場戰(zhàn)斗。Battle of Spotsylvania Court HouseMay 821, 1864VirginiaInconclusive: Gr

55、ant and Lee meet inconclusively, Grant writes to Halleck "I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer".Battle of Cold HarborMay 31 June 12, 1864VirginiaConfederate victory: Lee repulses Grant, Confederate general says "This is not war, this is murder".The Battle

56、 of Cold Harbor was fought from May 31 to June 12, 1864, with the most significant fighting occurring on June 3. It was one of the final battles of Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign during the American Civil War, and is remembered as one of American history's bloodiest, mos

57、t lopsided battles. 冷港之戰(zhàn)是從5月31日到1864年6月12日，最重要的戰(zhàn)斗發(fā)生在6月3日。這是一個(gè)聯(lián)盟中將尤利西斯S格蘭特的陸上戰(zhàn)役的最后戰(zhàn)役，美國南北戰(zhàn)爭期間，是作為一個(gè)美國歷史上最血腥、最不平衡的戰(zhàn)斗。工會(huì)的數(shù)千名官兵死亡或受傷在對(duì)聯(lián)盟的羅伯特·E·李將軍的部隊(duì)攻堅(jiān)正面進(jìn)攻是絕望。Battle of AtlantaJuly 22, 1864GeorgiaUnion victory: (Atlanta Campaign) Sherman turns back Hood's attack east of Atlanta.亞特蘭大戰(zhàn)役是美國南北

58、內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中重要的一場戰(zhàn)役，發(fā)生時(shí)間是1864年5月-6月。最終該戰(zhàn)役北方軍隊(duì)的大獲全勝并奪取亞特蘭大而告終，南方軍隊(duì)為此付出了巨大的代價(jià)，戰(zhàn)爭的局面由此也得到了極大的改變。Battle of Atlanta, started from May to June 1864, was an important battle in the Civil War.Battle of Mobile BayAugust 223, 1864AlabamaUnion victory: David Farragut takes port, says "Damn the torpedoes, full spee

59、d ahead".這一聯(lián)盟的勝利，與捕獲的亞特蘭大，被廣泛覆蓋的聯(lián)合報(bào)紙，是一個(gè)顯著的提高亞伯拉罕林肯的出價(jià)三個(gè)月后的戰(zhàn)斗。Third Battle of Petersburg April 2, 1865VirginiaUnion victory: Grant defeats Lee.The Third Battle of Petersburg, also known as the Breakthrough at Petersburg or the Fall of Petersburg, was fought on April 2, 1865, south and southwest of Petersburg, Virginia, at the end of the 292-day RichmondPetersburg Campaign (sometimes called the Siege