外研版小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

1、外研版小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納一、時(shí)態(tài) 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，通常用 “usually通常, often常常, every每, sometimes有時(shí)，always總是,”等詞。 (2)基本結(jié)構(gòu): 主語(yǔ)I / You / We / They /He / She / It 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式否定句：主語(yǔ)+ dont + 動(dòng)詞原形 或者doesnt + 動(dòng)原 一般疑問(wèn)句(Yes/No) Do ? Yes, I do. No,I dont.Does(動(dòng)詞原形)? Yes,he/she does. No,he/she doesnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句

2、What do ? How does she(動(dòng)詞原形)? (3) 動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式(同名詞單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)方法相同) 1 一般情況 +s 如:walk-walks 2. 輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 去y +ies fly-flies 3. 結(jié)尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches 4. 結(jié)尾是0 +es do-does, go-goes 5. 特殊 have-has 2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常用“now現(xiàn)在, look看，linsen聽(tīng)”. (2)基本形式: be + 動(dòng)詞-ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/W

3、e/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading? (3)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(動(dòng)詞+ing) 一般情況 +ing walkwalking 結(jié)尾是不發(fā)音的 e -e + ing comecoming 重讀閉音節(jié) 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母+ing swim-swimming run-running 3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) (1) 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用 “l(fā)ast 上一個(gè), just now剛才, many years ago許多年前， yesterday昨天”等詞。 (2) be 動(dòng)

4、詞的過(guò)去式: am/iswas arewere (3)過(guò)去式基本結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 I went shopping last night.否定句：主語(yǔ) + didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形 I didnt go shopping last night. 一般疑問(wèn)句(Yes/No) Did + 動(dòng)詞原形? Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑問(wèn)句(wh-) What did+ 動(dòng)詞原形? What did you do last night? (4)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化: 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化: (1)一般動(dòng)詞 +ed planted,watered,climbed

5、(2) 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾 +d liked tied(3)輔音字母加y結(jié)尾 -y+ ied studystudied, cry- cried (4)重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母+ed plan planned stop stopped 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化: 原形 過(guò)去式 原形 過(guò)去式 原形 過(guò)去式 am /is was are were go went do did find found buy bought eat ate feel felt drink drank teach taught take took read read give gave have had p

6、ut put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat tell told learn learnt get gotcarry carried study studied4.一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)打算做的事或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事情。常常與tomorrow, next Sunday 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 結(jié)構(gòu):be going to +動(dòng)詞原形或will

7、+動(dòng)詞原形 例如:Im going to visit my grandpa next week. 二、人稱(chēng)代詞 主格 I we you he she it they 賓格 me us you him her it them形容詞性物主代詞 my our your his her its their 名詞性物主代詞 mine ours yours his hers its theris (注:介詞，動(dòng)詞后面跟賓格。后面沒(méi)有名詞時(shí)用名詞性物主代詞。) 三、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 1.一般名詞: + s book books 2.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾: - y+ ies storystories 3.以s,

8、 x，sh, ch ，結(jié)尾: + es glassglasses; a watch-watches 以o結(jié)尾:1)有生命的 +es potato-potatoes 2) 無(wú)生命的 +s photo-photoes 4.以f或fe結(jié)尾: - f 或fe 變?yōu)関es knife knives; shelf-shelves 5.特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish,

9、people-people, Chinese-Chinese,四、不可數(shù)名詞(沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式) bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee 五、縮略形式 Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is hasnt = he has(got) its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not didnt=did not werent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let us Ill=I will 六、a. an .the的用

10、法 1.單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音:a book, a peach， a “U” 單詞的第一個(gè)讀音是元音讀音:an egg， an hour， an “F” 2.the要注意的:球類(lèi)前面不加the，play football 樂(lè)器前面要加the，play the piano 序數(shù)詞前面要加the, the second 七、介詞 1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under 2.表示時(shí)間: (1)at : 幾點(diǎn)前面用at如:at six oclock, 沒(méi)有day的節(jié)日前用at如 :at

11、 Christmas, 固定詞組 at the weekends ，at night (2)on: 用于星期，日期，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具體的某一天時(shí)) on Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日; 帶有Day的節(jié)日前用on 如: on National Day (3)in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用in:in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ， 月份前用in ，如in December ;季節(jié)前用in ，如 winter;年份前用 in，如 in 1999 八

12、、基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的方法 1. 直接在基數(shù)詞詞尾加上th。如:seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，變y為i，再加上eth。如:twentieth 第二十。 3.不規(guī)則的。如:first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。 4.有兩個(gè)或以上單詞組成的基數(shù)詞只改最后一個(gè)單詞如twenty-first 第二十一。 九、some /any的用法 1.肯定句中用some:I have some toys in my bedroom. 2.問(wèn)句和否定句中用

13、any:Do you have any brothers or sisters? He hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case. 3.詢(xún)問(wèn)想要什么時(shí)用some:Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps? 十、 there be結(jié)構(gòu) 1.肯定句(有): There is +單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞 There are +復(fù)數(shù) 注:遵循就近原則，看靠there be最近的 2.一般疑問(wèn)句(有嗎,):Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt. Are there? Y

14、es, there are. /No, there arent. 3.否定句(沒(méi)有): There isnt . There arent. 4.there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。 十一、祈使句 Sit down please. Dont open the door, please. Lets go to the park. (注:祈使句中動(dòng)詞用原形) 十二、(情態(tài))動(dòng)詞can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。 1. I / He / She / They ca

15、n sing. May I come in? I must go now. 2. You should be quiet in the library. 3. Youll be good friends. 十四、特殊疑問(wèn)句 1.What 什么(問(wèn)什么事,什么物或什么工作等) What are you doing, Im reading. What did you do yesterday? I played basketball. What are you going to do? Im going to do homework. What is that? Its a book. What

16、does he/she do? Shes a nurse.What time is it? Its seven. 2. What colour 問(wèn)顏色 What colour is your coat? Its red. 3.when 什么時(shí)候When do you get up? I get up at six thirty. When is your birthday? Its on the 21st of December. 4.Which哪一個(gè)Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? The yellow is mine

17、. 5.Who誰(shuí) Who is the man with a big nose? Hes my uncle.6.Whose誰(shuí)的 Whose bag is it? Its his bag. 7.Where哪里Where is my pen? Its under the book. 8.Why為什么Why do you like summer? Because 9.How many 多少 How many books are there in the school bag? There are four books in the school bag.10. How old 幾歲How old i

18、s the young man? Hes nineteen. 11.How much多少錢(qián) How much is the toy bear? Its eleven yuan. 12.How 怎么樣（How long/ big/tall？） How do you go to school everyday? I go to school by car.How long is the river? Its 10 miles long. 十五.已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的動(dòng)詞 say help know lost live read run take listen talk see draw jump sing dance want make buy help give climb visit get answer l