新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn).doc

1、新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)教材是英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理念的體現(xiàn)，是英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的首要載體，是英語(yǔ)課程實(shí)施的焦點(diǎn)和中樞。新概念英語(yǔ)第一次有哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢?接下 來(lái)我為你整理了，一起來(lái)看看吧。:完成時(shí)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過(guò)去分詞用法：1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually,already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用I have just had lunch.（飽 了，不用再吃了）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了,不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy

2、 has already read the book.（已經(jīng)知道書(shū)的內(nèi)容了，不用再）2）詢(xún)問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3）表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4）表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過(guò).地方，做過(guò).事情，經(jīng)歷過(guò).事情I have never had a bath.I ha

3、ve never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to 表示去過(guò)，have gone to 表不去了I have been to London.（人已經(jīng)回來(lái)）He has gone to London.（人還在那里）5）表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后

4、面加not.e. g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：What have you done?What has he done?一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示 一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用錯(cuò)：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from bein

5、g for 3 days.:動(dòng)詞的變化1）代詞及be動(dòng)詞主格 I we you you she/he/it they賓格 me us you you her/him/it them代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirsbe 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is arebe 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were2）名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1 一般情況+s e. g. shellshells toytoys規(guī)貝

6、2 以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾+es e. g. foxfoxes churchchurches規(guī)貝3 以。結(jié)尾+s 或+es e. g. radioradios potatopotatoes規(guī)則 4 以 f, fe 結(jié)尾的，變 f, fe 為 ves e. g. lifelives halfhalves規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+es e. g. skyskies studystudies3）動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1 -'般情況+s e. g. like-likes, look-looks規(guī)則 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 和。結(jié)尾+es e. g. do-

7、does, catch-catches規(guī)則3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+es e. g. carry-carries, fly-flies4）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則 1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e. g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing規(guī)則2以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e. g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving規(guī)則3重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一 個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running,sit-sitting, get-gett

8、ing, swim-swimming, stop-stopping5）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則 1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e. g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played規(guī)則 2 以 e 結(jié)尾的加一d e. g. make-maked, arrive-arrived規(guī)則3以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried規(guī)則4重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped過(guò)去式的讀音在清輔音后面（除外）讀/t/ e. g. walked, jumpe

9、d在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e. g. washed, watched在/t/, /d/后讀/id/ e. g. waited, hated6）形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)比較級(jí)規(guī)則 1 一般加一er e. g. high-higher規(guī)則2以e結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer規(guī)則3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier規(guī)則4重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter最高級(jí)規(guī)則 1 一般加-est e. g. high-highest規(guī)則2以e結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicest規(guī)則3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加-est busy-busiest規(guī)

10、則4重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加一est fat-fattest7）常見(jiàn)縮寫(xiě):is=s I am=Im are=reis not=isnt /iznt/ are not=arent /a：nt/do not=dontdoes not=doesntwas=sdid not=didntcan not=canthave=vehas 二 shave not=haventhas not=hasntwiii=nwill not=wontshall not二shant:倒裝句完全倒裝：又稱(chēng)全部倒裝,是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。也就是謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)+理論的東西說(shuō)

11、多了大家迷糊，其實(shí)我們通常見(jiàn)到的There be句型就是 完全倒裝句There be （的各種形式）+主語(yǔ)（+地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）例子：There was problem between us.我們倆之間曾經(jīng)有矛盾There are ducks swimming in the river.河里有很多鴨子在游副詞小品詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+名詞主語(yǔ)+例子：Out runs a lady.跑出來(lái)一位女士Away flew the birds.鳥(niǎo)兒飛走了過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞+be的各種形式+主語(yǔ)+例子：Standing beside the table was his wife.站在桌子旁的是他的夫人需要注意的是，

12、某些副詞開(kāi)頭的句子構(gòu)成的完全倒裝here、there> now.then, thus等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子可構(gòu)成完全倒裝。條件是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物 動(dòng)詞，如arise、be、come、exist、go follow等。需要注意的是，當(dāng) 主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，不能構(gòu)成倒裝。(方位詞在句首，主語(yǔ)是名詞，全部倒裝)例子：Here comes Harry Potte.哈利波特來(lái)了。Here it is.在這里。Here is your bag.這是你的包，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境還可翻譯為給你包。部分倒裝(Partiallnversion)(又稱(chēng)半倒裝句)：指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前,而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)變化。

13、如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi) 有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞d。, does或did,并將其置于主語(yǔ) 之前。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝句最突出、最常見(jiàn)的修辭效果就是強(qiáng)調(diào)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下:1. only+狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首，被該狀語(yǔ)修飾的句子用部分倒裝。例子：Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。2. hardly, in

14、 no way, little, scarcely, seldom, never, no more, no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only. (but also), not until. 等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。例子:No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我剛到家就下起了雨。Seldom do I go to work by bus.我很少乘公共汽車(chē)上班。Not until twelve oclock did she go to bed last night.她昨晚十二點(diǎn)才上床睡覺(jué)。3. so/such. . . that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句， 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so/such和that之間的部分。