高一英語(yǔ)必修一Unit4Earthquakes知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解和練習(xí)課堂講解(共6頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高一英語(yǔ)必修一Unit4Earthquakes知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解和練習(xí)課堂講解一、知識(shí)講授1、In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst .（1）爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂The red balloon suddenly burst. 那個(gè)紅色的氣球突然爆了。(2)猛沖；突然出現(xiàn) He burst into the room without knocking.【拓展】burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 burst into tears =

2、burst out crying 突然大哭2、It seemed as if the world was at an end! 【短語(yǔ)歸納】與end搭配的常用短語(yǔ)：專心-專注-專業(yè)come to an end vi.結(jié)束（用作謂語(yǔ)）bring/put sth.to an end vt.結(jié)束；制止at the end of在盡頭（末）（指時(shí)間或空間）by the end of到末為止（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用）by the end of last.（與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用）by the end of next.（用于將來(lái)完成時(shí)）in the end最后，終于（作狀語(yǔ)）on end連續(xù)to the end到底wi

3、thout end沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的【隨堂練習(xí)】用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。（1）How many English words have you learned _ last term?（2）He became an outstanding doctor _.（3）My uncle will fly to China _ this year.4.、In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.（1）n. 殘?jiān)珨啾?；廢墟（名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)） The city lay in ruins

4、 after years of bombing.（2）v. 毀滅；使破產(chǎn)The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 【拓展】be in ruins 呈一片廢墟 fall into ruin 變成廢墟 come to ruin 毀滅，落空 ruin oneself 自我毀滅 bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅【辨析】ruin，destroy，damage，break與spoil易混詞辨析例句ruin一般指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打擊的結(jié)果，常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。The bad weather ruine

5、d our trip.destroy表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀，使之無(wú)法恢復(fù)，也可以表示對(duì)某物體進(jìn)行完全的毀壞。What he said destroyed our last hope.damage一般指對(duì)物體或生命的局部損傷，使整體的價(jià)值或作用降低或變得無(wú)價(jià)值、無(wú)作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果，也可以指非暴力的長(zhǎng)期損害的結(jié)果。The earthquake caused great damage.break一般指“破壞，打破，打碎”的意思。它表示的范圍極廣，程度也不一。可用于有形的東西，如石頭、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于無(wú)形、抽象的東西，如法律、沉默、魔力、習(xí)慣等。She

6、 didn't break the rules.spoil破壞，糟蹋，其重點(diǎn)在于破壞事物原先的結(jié)構(gòu)、和諧性，使事物不再具有原先的特點(diǎn)，賓語(yǔ)常是景致、食欲、計(jì)劃等。The apples spoiled.5、Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.【辨析】injury，hurt，harm與wound易混詞辨析例句injury多指意外事故受傷。比hurt正式，hurt多指?jìng)矗鴌njure則指損害健康、成就、容貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。A bullet injured his lefgt eye.hurt既可指

7、肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感情上的傷害；作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“（身體某部位）疼痛”。指肉體上的傷害時(shí)，hurt可與badly,slightly,seriously等連用，但若指精神上的創(chuàng)傷，只能說(shuō)very much/rather/deeply hurt。He hurt her feelings.harm用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可，有時(shí)可指引起不安或不便。還可用于抽象事物，尤其指不道德的事情。Smoking harmed his health.wound指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷。He had a bullet wound in his chest.6、S

8、ome of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.(1) n.援救，營(yíng)救The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. （2）v. 救援；拯救 He rescued a boy from drowning.【拓展】rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把···從···營(yíng)救出來(lái)come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb.

9、援救某人 a rescue team 救援隊(duì)a rescue mission 救援任務(wù) rescue workers 救援人員【隨堂練習(xí)】用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空（1）The mother, along with her two children, _from the sinking boat by a passing ship.（2）The firemen _ five children from the burning house yesterday. 7、 that hot water give out .（1）分發(fā)；發(fā)出 Students were giving out leafl

10、ets to everyone in the street. The red radiator gives out a lot of heat.（2）用盡 My money will give out soon.【歸納總結(jié)】give out分發(fā)；發(fā)出；用盡 give sth.away贈(zèng)送；頒發(fā)；泄露give back歸還；恢復(fù) give in呈上；投降，屈服，認(rèn)輸give off發(fā)出，放出 give over停止，中止give up放棄 give on to/onto sth.朝向，面向；通向8、Your speech was heard by a group of five jueges,a

11、ll of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. (1) n.裁判員；法官；審判員His father used to be a judge. 他的父親過(guò)去是一名法官。(2) v. 判斷；斷定 Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人?！就卣埂縥udge sb./ sth. by/from 通過(guò)判斷 as far as I judge 我認(rèn)為judging from 從來(lái)看， 根據(jù)判斷【隨堂練習(xí)】用與judge相關(guān)的詞匯填空（1）_his appearance, he must be a rich ma

12、n. （2）_ , he must be from the south.二、語(yǔ)法講解定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句，被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞成為先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句一般位于先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系代詞有：that, which, who(whom),whose和as；關(guān)系副詞有：when,where, why。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)；關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。一、關(guān)系代詞的用法1、關(guān)系代詞which用來(lái)指物，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。This is a book which tells about space rocket tech

13、nology.（作主語(yǔ)）The letter which I received yesterday was from my brother.（作賓語(yǔ)）The hotel which I stayed in last month is over there.（作介詞的賓語(yǔ)）2、關(guān)系代詞that既可指物，也可指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。They live in a house that was built 200 years ago.（作主語(yǔ)）She is the girl that you saw in school.作賓語(yǔ)）Here is the car that I told you a

14、bout.（作介詞的賓語(yǔ)）注：that在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，需要注意的是that作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放到that之前，若要將介詞提前，必須將that改成which或whom。Here is the car about which I told you .Is he the man with whom you shook hands just now?3、關(guān)系代詞who, whom指代人，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Here comes the girl who wants to see you.I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss m

15、usic.4、whose表示“某人的”或“某物的”，是所有格作定語(yǔ)，后面必須帶名詞，且不能省略。I'd like a room whose window looks out onto the sea.注：whose表示所屬關(guān)系，可以用of which替代。I live in the house whose windows face south.=I live in the house the windows of which face south.二、只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況：1、序數(shù)詞（包括the last）或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。Alice is the

16、 most diligent student that I have ever known.The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.This is the last bus that we can take.2、先行詞被no,one of, every, the only, the very，the right, last, just所修飾時(shí)。That's the very point that we should pay attention to.She is th

17、e only person that the old woman can depend on.3、先行詞是不定代詞（any, all, little, everything, nothing, something, anything, nobody, everybody等）。There was little that he needed.Mr Brown has told us something that we should do in the summer vacation.4、先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。Then we talked about the things and persons

18、that we remembered at school.5、疑問(wèn)詞是who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)Which is the book that you like best? Who is the man that is standing at the gate?6、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作to be 的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。 Tom isnt the boy that he used to be.三、只能用which不能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況：1、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill

19、 and died .2、關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞。A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.3、先行詞本身是that, 宜用which 。 What's that which she is looking at?四、只能用who不能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況：1、先行詞是指人的不定代詞時(shí)，如anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people等。Anyone who failed to come to the meeting y

20、esterday must give his reason .Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.2、在There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)。There is a gentleman who wants to see you .五、as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句1、as 用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，既可以指人，也可以指物。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。它常在the same as，suchas，asas等句型中，as不能省略。Ill buy the same dictionary as you do.2、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定

21、語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代表整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。從句可放在主語(yǔ)前、主語(yǔ)后或主語(yǔ)中間。As we all know, China has become a world famous nation.課堂訓(xùn)練一、根據(jù)句意以及首字母提示完成單詞1、Older students were having difficulty in studying and o_ themselves.2、That place is dirty and s_. 3、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and b_.4、People began to wonder ho

22、w long the d_ would last.5、F_ water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane.6、Everywhere they looked nearly everything was d_.7、The railway tracks were now u_ pieces of steel.8、Without _ (電)，modern life would be very difficult.9、_ (判斷)from his appearance, the manger must be over fifty.10、Dea

23、d and _ (受傷的)people lay everywhere after the terrible accident.二、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空1、The building _ wall is white is my uncles house.2、I know the boy _ you are looking for.3、Will you please lend me the very book _ you bought yesterday?4、The student _ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.5

24、、The reason _ comes after spring is summer.6、This is the museum _ we visited last Saturday.7、The boy with _ John is talking is my brother.8、The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was talken to the hospital immediately.9、_ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is incre

25、asing.10、Dont read such books _ you cant understand.三、單項(xiàng)選擇1、We dont need to do extra work this evening. The days work was almost _ now. A. at the end B. at an end C. at one end D. at our end 2、Ive read all the books _ you gave me. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 3、In that big fire all their houses w

26、ere_, so they had to build new ones. A. hurt B. harmed C. injured D. destroyed 4、The boy _ on the ground _ to me that his hen _ three eggs a day.A. lies; lied; laidB. lying; lied; laid C. lay; lied; lainD. lay; lying; has laid5、Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. it B

27、. this C. which D. that6、After the Tsunami passed away, all the villages and towns were _. And no being was seen.A. in ruin B. in ruins C. at ruins D. for ruins7、The bus driver was badly _ on both legs in the traffic accident.A. wounded B. broken C. injured D. destroyed8、I havent seen both of her films, but _ from the one I have seen I think shes a promising actress. A. judging B. judge C. judged D. judgment9、 We need a quick reply. I see. Ill send the paper to you _.A. now and then B. sooner or l