高考英語新題型“概要寫作”PPT課件

1、2021/7/241普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語科考試說明概要寫作：概要寫作：提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。（滿分25分）詞數(shù)詞數(shù)少于少于4040的和的和多余多余8080的，的，從從總分中減去總分中減去2 2分分2021/7/242評分原則評分原則1 1、本題總分為、本題總分為2525分，按分，按5 5個檔次給分。個檔次給分。2 2、評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確、評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。

2、3 3、詞數(shù)少于、詞數(shù)少于4040的和多于的和多于8080的，從總分中減去的，從總分中減去2 2分。分。2021/7/243 評分時，應(yīng)主要從以下四個方面考慮：評分時，應(yīng)主要從以下四個方面考慮： (1)(1)對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；(2)(2)應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準確性；應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準確性；(3)(3)上下文的連貫性；上下文的連貫性；(4)(4)對各要點表達的獨立性情況；對各要點表達的獨立性情況；2021/7/244Narration （記敘文）（記敘文）Exposition （說明文）（說明文）Forms of LiteratureArgumentat

3、ion (議論文）議論文）2021/7/245typeskey information記敘文記敘文narration人物人物+時間時間+地點地點+事件（起因事件（起因+發(fā)展發(fā)展+結(jié)果）結(jié)果）說明文說明文exposition描寫某事物的性質(zhì)功用。即描寫某事物的性質(zhì)功用。即“對象對象+性質(zhì)功用性質(zhì)功用+利好利好”；針對某個問題提出解決方法或措施。針對某個問題提出解決方法或措施。即即“問題問題+解決方法解決方法”；介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果。即介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果。即“現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象+原因原因+結(jié)果結(jié)果”議論文議論文argumentation論點論點+論據(jù)論據(jù)(+結(jié)論結(jié)論)1. 確定文體確定文體 the

4、 types of the passage2021/7/246Argumentation (議論文）議論文）TopicSupporting ideasConclusion2021/7/247概要寫作（滿分25分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 (Para 1 )Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 2021/7/248 (Para 2 )In the early

5、16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in h

6、is kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobl

7、eman should not go out. (Para 3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing

8、 disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? (Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ

9、 hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫學(xué)家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the

10、latter position is gaining some ground.2021/7/249There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirtStep 1: Readtopic sentence: structure supporting ideasFind out the topic sentence of each paragraphthink, believe, consider, regard, argue, support, be convinced that, in ones opinion, from ones point of v

11、iewYou may need to pay attention to some words like:2021/7/2410 Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was tho

12、ught to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a noble

13、man had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Examples of some European countries 2021/7/2411 (Para 3) Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century

14、. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter t

15、han white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? 2021/7/2412 (Para 4) Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. O

16、n the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫學(xué)家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.2021/7/2413Step 2: Make an outline Topic: There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirtsuppor-tingIdeas(Para 2 )

17、(Para 3) nowadays (Para 4) In the 16th centurysince18th centuryPeople thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out diseasehas no longer been regarded ascleaning away dirt is good to healthencourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system2021/7/2414 Step 3: Rewrite

18、the sentences in other ways There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.different, mixed, various反義轉(zhuǎn)換opinions, views, ideas同義詞替換同義詞替換 Peoples attitudes to dirt vary in different times. towards句型轉(zhuǎn)換句型轉(zhuǎn)換 People hold different opinions towards dirt over time. The attitudes to dirt is not always the s

19、ame. 2021/7/2415 In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. Have a try!2021/7/2416 In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. think: believe, hold, consider, insist, argue, are convinced.同義詞

20、替換同義詞替換block out disease: prevent/protect/keep away from illness; One possible version: In the 16th century, people believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. 2021/7/2417. dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning aw

21、ay dirt is good to health.wash off, get rid ofbenefits, is beneficial to, does good to, contributes toOne possible version: People began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.2021/7/2418 Nowadays, encourages pe

22、ople to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. One possible version:Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.People are encouraged to語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換be exposed to.believe, support, agree, approve.2021/7/2419 People hold mixed opinions towards dirt

23、 on our skin. In the 16th century, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. People began to change their attitudes to dirt more than 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. Nowadays, some s

24、cientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.However,Nevertheless/But/however people Add two linking words to make the passage coherentStep 4: Make the summary coherent nowadays, 2021/7/2420Step 5: Revise( 67 words)People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In th

25、e 16th century, people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. But nowadays, some scientists believe that expo

26、sure to some dirt may help our immune system.4 “C” : complete, correct, concise, coherent 2021/7/2421How to write a summary(argumentation)1.Read 2.Make an outline 3.Rewrite4. Make it coherent5. Revise6. neatly copy-Topic , structure, key supporting sentences2021/7/2422Homework Finish the summary wri

27、ting of the following Passage2021/7/2423閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic(充滿活力的充滿活力的) the whole day. So, getting up

28、 early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions(條件條件). Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other

29、 time of the day.2021/7/2424 If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will

30、 probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit(受益受益) a lot from it.2021/7/2425 Getting up early in the morning is a good habit and very important, because in the morning we can have a better memory, healthier bodies and better preparation for the day. In addition, morning exercise can help us keep healthy. So, it is beneficial to us.參考范文參考范文2021/7/2