（整理版高中英語(yǔ)）高考英語(yǔ)專題經(jīng)典復(fù)習(xí)能力培養(yǎng)系列（九）

1、高考英語(yǔ)專題經(jīng)典復(fù)習(xí)能力培養(yǎng)系列九在高考試題中，除了在完形填空中大量考查名詞用法外，在多項(xiàng)選擇題中每年也總有12個(gè)考查名詞的試題。高考對(duì)名詞的考查主要包括：考查名詞詞義辨析和習(xí)慣搭配。高考對(duì)名詞的“舊詞新意和“名詞動(dòng)化現(xiàn)象作為獨(dú)立的考試形式也偶有涉及(如：shelter n遮蔽物，庇護(hù)處，避難處，遮蔽，庇護(hù)；高考考查其動(dòng)化意義：v. 掩蔽，躲避，保護(hù))，而在閱讀理解試題中這種隱形的考查方式更為常見(jiàn)。在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中要善于查閱英文字典，盡可能多地去了解和積累常見(jiàn)單詞的新意項(xiàng)，在閱讀中加強(qiáng)對(duì)詞的理解和領(lǐng)悟。真題典例()1.·卷 the lack of eco­friendly h

2、abits among the public is thought to be a major_of global climate change. aresultbcause cwarning dreflection1b考查名詞詞義辨析。result結(jié)果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。句意：公眾環(huán)保習(xí)慣的缺失被認(rèn)為是全球氣候改變的一個(gè)主要原因。因此該題選b。()2.·卷 giving up my job to go back to full­time education was a big_， but now i know it was th

3、e best decision i ever made. aproject bcommitment ccompetition dambition2b考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：放棄我的工作回去接受全職教育是一個(gè)艱巨的付出，但現(xiàn)在我知道這是我有生以來(lái)做出的最好的決定。a big commitment意為“一個(gè)艱巨的付出，此處是指“決意要回到全職的教育工作中去。其他選項(xiàng)均不合語(yǔ)境。()3.·卷 teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional_. aconseq

4、uence bindependence ccompetence dintelligence3c考查名詞詞義辨析。a項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)果；b項(xiàng)意為“獨(dú)立；c項(xiàng)意為“能力；d項(xiàng)意為“智力。根據(jù)句意“可知選c適宜。()4.·卷 what's the_， in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself? asympathy btheme cobject dpoint4d考查名詞詞義辨析。句意為：依你之見(jiàn)，如果他不努力幫助自己的話，幫他還有什么意義？a項(xiàng)意為“同情；b項(xiàng)意為“主題；

5、c項(xiàng)意為“物體，目標(biāo)；d項(xiàng)意為“重點(diǎn)，意義；根據(jù)題意可知答案選d。()5.·卷 there's a _ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. atradition bbalance cconcern drelationship5a考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們辦公室有一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，當(dāng)有人過(guò)生日的時(shí)候，他們會(huì)帶一個(gè)蛋糕來(lái)大家一起分享。tradition“傳統(tǒng)，慣例，符合句意。balance平衡；concern擔(dān)憂，憂慮；re

6、lationship關(guān)系。()6.·卷 anyway, i can't cheat himit's against all my_. aemotions bprinciples cregulations dopinions6b考查名詞詞義辨析。由句意“無(wú)論如何我不能欺騙他這違背了我的做人原那么可知，此處選principles，意為“原那么，原那么性。emotions意為“情感；regulations意為“規(guī)矩，規(guī)那么；opinions意為“觀點(diǎn)，看法。()7.·卷 i haven't seen sara since she was a little

7、girl, and she has changed beyond _. ahearing bstrength crecognition dmeasure7c考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她變得認(rèn)不出來(lái)了。hearing意為“聽(tīng)力；strength意為“力氣；力量； recognition意為“認(rèn)出；識(shí)別；認(rèn)識(shí)； measure意為“測(cè)量；措施。()8.·卷 those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. arelief bsafety cdefense dshelter8a考查名詞詞義辨析。句意

8、：那些頭痛的人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這種藥物能使頭痛緩解。relief 表示“緩解，減輕，解除。 safety表示“平安，保險(xiǎn)；defense 表示“防御，防護(hù)； shelter表示“掩蔽，保護(hù)。()9.·卷 this restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. adivision barea crange dcircle9c考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這家餐館越來(lái)越知名是由于它做的各種各樣的食物適應(yīng)各種類型的人群。a wide range of是一個(gè)常用習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“各種各

9、樣的。()10.·卷 the doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_. aexpectation breputation ccontribution dcivilization10b考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)醫(yī)生精于心臟病的治療，并且從不收取病人的任何禮物，因此他的口碑很好。reputation 意為“名聲，符合句意表達(dá)。expectation期望；contribution奉獻(xiàn)；civilizati

10、on文明。新題預(yù)測(cè)()1.nowadays senior high school students are burdened with too many_， which is making them less and less confident. amotivations bexpectations camusements dopportunities1b考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今的高生肩負(fù)著他人寄托的太多期待，這使他們?cè)絹?lái)越不自信。四個(gè)名詞選項(xiàng)的含義各不相同，motivation動(dòng)機(jī)，目的；expectation期待，預(yù)期；amusement 娛樂(lè)；opportunity時(shí)機(jī)，時(shí)機(jī)。語(yǔ)境

11、提到他們“肩負(fù)著，只能是肩負(fù)別人對(duì)他們的“期待，因此選b。()2.the teacher wants his students to know more about modern science and tries hard to develop a(n)_ about nature among his students. acuriosity bhabit cability dindependence“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)，培養(yǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)，空后又有介詞about，從這些信息判斷，此題選a，表示“開(kāi)發(fā)好奇心。habit習(xí)慣；ability能力；independence 獨(dú)立性。()3.be sure to re

12、ad the _ carefully before you take the medicine so that it can function better. adirections bcompositions cprescriptions dpresentations3a考查名詞詞義辨析。 句意：在使用本藥之前請(qǐng)務(wù)必仔細(xì)閱讀使用說(shuō)明，以保證更好的藥效。四個(gè)名詞選項(xiàng)的主要含義：direction說(shuō)明書(shū)，指引，管理，指導(dǎo)；composition作文，作品，構(gòu)成，成分，結(jié)構(gòu)；prescription處方；presentation提供，外觀，贈(zèng)送(儀式)，報(bào)告，表演。()4.people all o

13、ver are expecting the film _ of the last of j. k. rowling's harry potter series. aperformance bproduction cedition dsymbol4b考查名詞詞義辨析。 句意：世界各地的人們翹首等待由j.k.羅琳的哈里·波特系列小說(shuō)的最后一部改編的影片。四個(gè)名詞選項(xiàng)的主要含義：performance演出，履行，表現(xiàn)；production產(chǎn)品，作品，生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)量；edition版本；symbol符號(hào)，標(biāo)志，象征。語(yǔ)境提到j(luò).k.羅琳的系列小說(shuō)及電影，因此這里表示電影“作品，產(chǎn)品，應(yīng)選

14、b。()5.in my view, if you're making an effort to be a good person and making your dream a_， then you have already made a contribution to society. afiction breality cpattern dpreference5b考查名詞詞義辨析。 句意：在我看來(lái)，假設(shè)你在努力做一個(gè)好人，使自己的夢(mèng)想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，那么你就已經(jīng)為社會(huì)做出了奉獻(xiàn)。與dream相照應(yīng)，這里用reality表示使夢(mèng)想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。fiction小說(shuō)；pattern模式，把戲，圖案

15、；preference偏愛(ài)，優(yōu)先(權(quán))，都不符合句意。()6.after designing some experiments, they were able to clarify the_ by which bees communicate information that they use to find and fetch food. aprocedure baccess cmethod dapproach6a考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)之后，終于能說(shuō)明蜜蜂找到食物以及去取食物的信息交流的步驟了。procedure步驟，手續(xù)，常與for搭配；access通道，入口，接近，

16、進(jìn)入，一般與介詞to搭配；method方法，方式；approach接近，臨近，途徑，方式，方法。從語(yǔ)境看，這里表示交流尋找、發(fā)現(xiàn)和去取食物的信息，表示“步驟，因此選a。()7.he was a much older tennis player, but he had a(n)_ over other players in experience. abenefit bprofit cpower dadvantage7d考查名詞詞義辨析。此處考查短語(yǔ)have an advantage over，意為：比有優(yōu)勢(shì)。()8.only by practicing can the students obta

17、in the second language_. adevelopment brecreation cdetermination dacquisition8d考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)生只有通過(guò)練習(xí)才能獲得第二語(yǔ)言的技能。這里用acquisition表示“取得，獲得，習(xí)得。development開(kāi)展；recreation娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，消遣；determination決心，決定，都不符合語(yǔ)境。()9.there are some_when you have to change your mind just before doing it. aconditions bsituations coccas

18、ions dcircumstances9c考查名詞詞義辨析。此處occasion意為：偶然的時(shí)候。句意：有些偶然的情況，就在你做事之前突然改變了主意。()10.after our government launched a_ to popularize chinese language worldwide, lots of confucius colleges have appeared in foreign universities. acampaign bmovement cmeasure dstruggle10a考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自從我國(guó)政府發(fā)起向全球推廣漢語(yǔ)的活動(dòng)以來(lái)，國(guó)外很多大

19、學(xué)開(kāi)辦了孔子學(xué)院。語(yǔ)境表示掀起一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，campaign表示“活動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役，符合句意。movement意為“運(yùn)動(dòng)，動(dòng)作；進(jìn)展；measure意為“措施，分量，尺寸；struggle意為“斗爭(zhēng)，掙扎，均不符合句意。()11.people often find themselves caught in such a _ as “whetheror not adilemma bendeavor cfault dsurvival11a考查名詞詞義辨析。dilemma意為“困境，進(jìn)退兩難；endeavor意為“努力，盡力；fault意為“錯(cuò)誤；survival意為“幸存。句意為：人們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被困在進(jìn)退

20、兩難像“是否怎么樣的境地。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選a項(xiàng)。()12.in rome, it's a common_to have a shot of espresso after breakfast. apractice btaste csense dcustom12a考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在羅馬，早飯后喝一杯濃咖啡是一種慣例。practice慣例；taste口味；sense感覺(jué)，理智；custom風(fēng)俗。a項(xiàng)符合題意。()13.the popular cartoon mulan is a (an) _ of a chinese poem for children. aimagination bplot cstory dadaptation13d考查名詞詞義辨析。此處adaptation意為：改編本。句意：流行卡通片木蘭是由兒童詩(shī)歌改編而成的。()14.what would you give me in _ for my recorder?my mp3. do you agree? areward bturn cpreparation dexchange14d考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“你愿意拿什么換我的錄音機(jī)？“我的mp3。你同意嗎？此處in exchange for意為：與交換。()15.it'