（整理版高中英語）高考英語實戰(zhàn)演練專題閱讀理解（8185）《附詳析》

1、高考英語實戰(zhàn)演練專題閱讀理解81-85附詳析 (第81篇)bananas are one of the world s most important food crops. they are also one of the most valuable exports. bananas do not grow from seeds. instead, they grow from existing plants. bananas are threatened by disease because all the plants on a farm are copies of each other.

2、 they all share the same genetic weaknesses. for example, the cavendish banana is most popular in north american and european markets. however，some kinds of fungus organisms easily infect the cavendish. black sigatoka disease affects the leaves of cavendish banana plants. the disease is controlled o

3、n large farms by putting chemicals on the plant s leaves. farmers put anti-fungal chemicals on their crops up to once a week.another fungal disease is more serious. panama disease attacks the roots of the banana plant. there is no chemical treatment for this disease. infected plants must be destroye

4、d. panama disease has affected crops in southeast asia, australia and south africa. there is concern that it may spread to bananas grown in the americas. this could threaten an important export product for central and south america.the international network for the improvement of banana and plantain

5、 supports research on bananas. the group has headquarters in france and other offices in the major banana-growing areas of the world. the group says that more research must be done to develop improved kinds of bananas. the group says that fungal diseases mainly affect only one kind of banana. in fac

6、t, there are five hundred different kinds of bananas. food and agriculture organization of the united nations has said that the cavendish banana represents only 10% of world production.the un. agency says farmers should grow different kinds of bananas. this protects against diseases that affect only

7、 one kind. experts warn that disease may cause the cavendish banana to disappear. this happened earlier to another popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease.語篇解讀香蕉由于遺傳性的抗病弱點，在不久的將來有的品種可能會消失。文章列舉了兩種威脅cavendish香蕉的真菌病，國際組織建議農民種植更多種類的香蕉。1what does this passage mainly tell us?a. bana

8、nas are the world s most important food crops.b. the risk to a popular banana shows need to grow other kinds.c. there are five hundred different kinds of bananas.d. how to grow bananas in different countries.解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內容和結構判斷，文章主要介紹威脅cavendish香蕉的真菌類疾病，進而顯示出種植其他種類香蕉的必要性。故答案為b。答案b2bananas are threat

9、ened by disease because _.a. they grow from seedsb. they are one of the most valuable exportsc. the only way to prevent it is to put chemicals on their leavesd. they have genetic weaknesses against disease解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內容可知，香蕉易受病害威脅是因為其遺傳上的抗病弱點。后文也有表達。答案d3panama disease_.a. doesnt belong to fungal di

10、seaseb. affects the leaves of banana plantsc. destroys bananas more seriously than black sigatoka diseased. has spread to bananas all over the world解析細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知a項錯誤；根據(jù)第二段第二句可知這種疾病威脅香蕉作物的根部，b項錯誤；根據(jù)第二段后三句可知，這種香蕉疾病已影響到東南亞、澳大利亞和南非，有可能傳播到美洲，d項錯誤。由文章前兩段分別對兩種真菌病的描述可知，c項正確。答案c4we can infer from paragr

11、aph 3 that _.a. the center of the group is in the usb. the cavendish banana covers only a small part of the yield of bananasc. the key to solving the disease is to research all kinds of bananasd. each fungal disease affects five hundred different kinds of bananas解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“the group has headquar

12、ters in france可知其中心位于法國，a項錯誤；根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，應對這種疾病的方法是培育改進品種，而不是調查所有的品種，c項錯誤；根據(jù)第三段第四句可知d項錯誤。由第三段最后一句可判斷b項正確。答案b5according to the passage, which information is right?a. the cavendish banana can mainly be imported from north america and europe.b. panama disease affects the leaves of cavendish banana plant

13、s.c. the cavendish banana wont die out in the future.d. the cavendish banana makes up only one tenth of world production.解析細節(jié)認定題。根據(jù)第一段中“the cavendish banana is most popular in north american and european markets可知這種香蕉在北美和歐洲市場最受歡送，而不是從這兩個地區(qū)進口，a項錯誤；根據(jù)第二段第二句可知b項錯誤；根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句可知c項錯誤；根據(jù)第三段最后一句可以判斷d項正確。答案

14、d長難句解讀this happened earlier to another popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease.由于天生的抗病弱點，另一種受歡送的香蕉早些時候滅絕了。because of引導原因狀語。注意this指代的是上一句所說的情況。 (第82篇)“can i see my baby？ the happy new mother asked. when the bundle was in her arms and she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his

15、 tiny face, she gasped. the doctor turned quickly and looked out of the tall hospital window. the baby had been born without ears.time proved that the baby s hearing was perfect. it was only his appearance that was imperfect. when he rushed home from school one day and threw himself into his mothers

16、 arms, she sighed, knowing that his life was to be misfortunate. he cried out the tragedy, “a boy, a big boy. called me a freak (怪人)he grew up, handsome. a favourite with his fellow students, he might have been class president, but for that. he developed a gift, a talent for literature and music. “b

17、ut you might communicate with other young people， his mother blamed him, but felt a kindness in her heart.two years went by. one day, his father said to the son, “you re going to the hospital, son. mother and i have someone who will donate the ears you need. but it s a secret. the operation was a br

18、illiant success, and a new person emerged.later he married and entered the diplomatic service. one day, he asked his father, “who gave me the ears? who gave me so much? i could never do enough for him or her. “i do not believe you could， said the father, “but the agreement was that you are not to kn

19、ow. not yet.the years kept their secret, but the day did come. he stood with his father over his mother s casket. slowly, tenderly, the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick, reddish brown hair to reveal the mother had no outer ears.“mother said she was glad she never let her hair be cu

20、t， his father whispered gently, “and nobody ever thought mother less beautiful, did they？語篇解讀本文講述了一個感人的故事。兒子天生沒有耳朵，母親將自己的耳朵捐獻給了兒子。母親去世后，父親才將這個秘密告訴兒子。1why did mother gasp when she saw her newborn baby?a. because her son had a tiny face.b. because she saw her son crying.c. because her son was born imp

21、erfect.d. because her son was in her arms.解析細節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句話“the baby had been born without ears.可知答案。答案c2which word can describe mother s feeling when the son threw himself into her arms?a. nervous.b. sympathetic.c. proud. d. angry.解析細節(jié)理解題。由第二段的“when he rushed home from school one day and threw hims

22、elf into his mothers arms，she sighed，knowing that his life was to be misfortunate.可知答案。答案b3who gave the son the ears?a. a doctor. b. his father.c. his mother. d. a stranger.解析細節(jié)理解題。從文章最后可知是母親獻出了自己的耳朵。答案c4the underlined word “reveal in the last but one paragraph means “_a. see b. showc. find d. searc

23、h解析詞義推測題。父親撥開母親的頭發(fā)，揭示了母親將自己的耳朵捐給兒子的真相，因此，此處reveal是“顯示的意思。答案b5the best title for the passage would be _.a. mothers hairb. an unforgettable memoryc. who gave me the ears?d. who is my best respectable person?解析標題歸納題。是誰給了我耳朵？這是貫穿文章的線索。應選c。答案c長難句解讀when he rushed home from school one day and threw himself

24、 into his mothers arms，she sighed，knowing that his life was to be misfortunate. when he.arms是一個時間狀語從句，主句是she sighed，knowing是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示原因，后面又跟了一個賓語從句，不定式短語to be misfortunate作表語，表示他的人生注定不幸。 (第83篇)when times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. when were hungry, we eat at home instead of going

25、out. we take buses instead of taxis. and we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. with college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.one cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor

26、s degree in three years instead of four. educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. but theres a question: would the quality of undergraduate(本科生)education suffer? few us universities have formally approved a “three-year degree model.i dou

27、bt that mainstream north american colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum(課程) any time soon. for one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits(學分). in addition, at famous univ

28、ersities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out one quarter of the required credits. professors will resist “diluting(稀釋) the quality of the education they offer.in my opinion, a quality four-year education is alway

29、s superior to a quality three-year education. a college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. it is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it s not a good idea to water down medicine. if we w

30、ant to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. we should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. we should give them a chance to earn money as interns(實習生)in meaningful pa

31、rt-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at northeastern university.語篇解讀本文為議論文。作者認為把大學四年的學制縮短為三年不是一個好主意，保證足夠的時間才能保證大學教育的質量。1which of the following can be the best title?a. it s time to shorten the learning processb. best learning takes place over time

32、c. university education should be watered downd. college education calls for reform解析主旨大意題。作者認為把大學四年的學制縮短為三年不是一個好主意，學好大學功課是需要付出時間的，故b項最正確。答案b2we can learn from the passage that _.a. most american universities are against the “three-year degree modelb. many famous us universities are considering adop

33、ting the “three-year degree modelc. professors are willing to accept the “three-year degree modeld. the “three-year degree model can make college learning more efficient解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的few us universities have formally approved a “three-year degree model可知幾乎沒有幾所美國大學認可“三年本科學位模式。答案a3in most us universi

34、ties，_.a. college students are offered the co-op programb. electives credits make up one quarter of the required creditsc. all students are required to finish four-year education before graduationd. some excellent students can graduate ahead of time解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的most universities already allow high

35、ly qualified students to graduate early可知特別優(yōu)秀的大學生可以提前畢業(yè)。答案d4we can infer that_.a. the author is a college professorb. the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to affordc. the author considers the university education quality very importantd. the author pays special

36、 attention to the all-round development of college students解析推理判斷題。在第四段作者給出了自己的觀點，從“a college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major.“it is not a good idea to water down education等處可以看出作者非常看重大學教育質量。答案c5the first paragraph serves as a(n)_a. explanation b. de

37、finitionc. introduction d. comment解析篇章結構題。此題要求學生推斷文章的結構。根據(jù)第一段的內容可知第一段是用來引入話題的，故c項最正確。答案c (第84篇)i once had my chinese mba students brainstorming on “two-hour business plans. i separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. the more original their idea, the better, i said

38、. finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. the sixth proposed a catering(餐飲) service. though i admitted the time limit had been difficult, i expressed my disappointment.my students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and

39、global companies. they were not without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. the scene i just described came in different forms during my two years teaching at the school. papers were often copied f

40、rom the web and the harvard business review. case study debates were written up and just memorized. students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.in china，every product you can imagine has been made and sold. but so few well-developed marke

41、ting and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a chinese brand.with this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like yale and mit have been established. and then theres the “thousand talent scheme： this new government program

42、is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign trained scientists to the mainland with big money. but there are worries about chinas research environment. its hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive

43、enough to overcome this.at last, for china, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnerships with top western universities. nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. its about establishing a rich learning environment for y

44、oung minds. its not that simple.1. why does the author feel disappointed at his students?a. because there is one group presenting a catering service.b. because the six groups made projects for restaurant chains.c. because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.d. because the students

45、 ideas were lacking in creativeness.解析考查推理判斷能力。根據(jù)第一段整體的信息作出判斷和推理。答案d2. which of the following scenes is not considered as lack of creation?a. papers were often downloaded from the internet.b. students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.c. students combine knowledge and critica

46、l thoughts to solve a problem.d. case study debates were written up as well as recited.解析考查判斷推理能力。第二段整體判斷，特別是最后一句。答案c3. the underlined word “scheme in the forth paragraph means_.a. timetable b. themec. project d. policy解析考查猜詞能力。第四段的第2句“this new government program中this指代前面的“thousand talent scheme，而sc

47、heme和program為同義詞，c中project為program同義詞。答案c4. we can infer from the passage that_.a. china can make and sell any product all over the worldb. high pay may not solve the problem of chinas research environmentc. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a chinese brandd. the new government p

48、rogram are aimed at encouraging imagination解析考查推理判斷能力。文中沒有直接表達出來，根據(jù)最后一句得出，“even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.中this指的是chinas learning environment存在的問題即problem，也是指its hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness這個問題。答案b5. which is the best title of th

49、e passage? a. look for a new way of learning.b. reward creative thinking.c. how to become a creator.d. establish a technical environment.解析考查主旨判斷題。從整體和最后一段判斷，整篇文章是講關于教育出現(xiàn)的問題有了豐富的學習環(huán)境，及新的學習方法，才能有創(chuàng)造性的研究氣氛。答案a (第85篇) throughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys. boys

50、 typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls. why is this? a traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the “society. growing scientific e

51、vidence suggests, however, that boys and girls toy preferences may have a biological origin.in , gerianne m. alexander of texas a&m university and melissa hines of city university in london surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sextypical toy preferences as human

52、s. in the study, alexander and hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. they then assessed the monkeys preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly gre