BiodynamicfarmingIITKIndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpur生物動(dòng)力農(nóng)業(yè)IITK印技術(shù)學(xué)院坎普爾_第1頁(yè)
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1、Bio dynamic farming Biodynamic agriculture is an advanced organic farming system that is gaining increased attention for its emphasis on food quality and soil health. PreviousNextEndBiodynamic farmingPrinciple and Advantages 1. Substance and energy :Life is more than just chemicals; it depends on th

2、e interaction of matter and energies. The interaction of substance and energy forms a balanced system. Plants which have grown in a balanced soil can give us energy (through trace minerals, enzymes, growth hormones) as well as substance.PreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming 2. SoilTo produce healthy, v

3、ital plants, one must concentrate mainly on the structure and the life of the soil. The nutrients, the trace elements, the microorganisms, the worms and other animals present in the soil. 3. Organic matterIn order to create this balanced, living soil, what is required is skilful use of organic matte

4、r. This is done by building compost heaps and using the Biodynamic compost preparations. PreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming 4. Humus This mysterious, magical substance supports life and is the carrier of all that the plants need to grow. It holds the fertility of the soil in a stable way, and retain

5、s water. Humus is completely digested crude organic matter: rich, dark and moist with a fresh odour. This is the base for building up the soil and fostering its formation should be the first priority when converting to Biodynamic farming. PreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming Cow manureCow dung is spec

6、ial because of the lengthy digestion process of the cow which adds much beneficial bacteria to the substance. It is used in building the compost heaps as a starter and for its nitrogen content and in preparing the Biodynamic preparations.PreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming Biodynamic preparations Ste

7、iner gave two preparations - to be sprayed directly on the soil or the plants - numbered 500 and 501Six preparations to be used when making compost - numbered 502 to 507.PreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming Crop rotation :Intelligent planning to let the soil rest after heavy-feeding crops (such as pot

8、atoes, tomatoes, cabbage), by sowing green manures (legumes, clover) and covering the soil (grass, clover) so that it may build up its humus content and nitrogen levels.PreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming Converting a farm to biodynamicAll short term manuring use of water soluble fertilizers for quic

9、k growth is discontinued. This not only damages soil structure, but also, produces plants that are nutritionally unbalanced. Stop all chemical weed control methods that will leave undesirable residues which inhibit the development of active soil life. The type of stock carried in the farm is importa

10、nt as it has unique effect on soil fertility PreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming Converting a farm to biodynamicEncourage legume growth, earthworm activity and other soil micro-organisms. This brings about microbiological life to the soil and exerts a balancing effect on availability of minerals. The

11、y also influence the permanent build up of humus. Need of adequate trees to provide shelter and shade as conservation of moisture, protection from wind and also act as predators.PreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming Two Groups:First group - 6 different herbal substances - 502-507.Second group - 500 and

12、 501.BD 500 Cow horn manureFermented cow dung - buried in September/November and lifted in February/March.MaterialsCow hornsFresh cow dung from a lactating cow. Average 50-150 g dung/horn (depends on horn size)PreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming PreviousNextEndBD 500 Cow horn manure -Preparation proc

13、essCollecting dung.Burial pit: 45 cm deep.Collect cow horns.Collect fresh dung.Fill cow horns with cow dung.Place horns in burial pit, 2.5 cm apart with base downwards, surround with 50% compost and soil.Keep burial pit soil moist and shaded.Check for dung fermentation.Green cow dung has turned into

14、 dark, smooth earthy smelling humus (BD 500) they are ready to be liftedBio dynamic farming Application process 25 g BD 500/acre in 15 litres rain/pure warm water Stir for 1 hour alternately clockwise and anti-clockwise forming a vortex Spray in the late afternoon or evening Spray 4 times a year Pre

15、viousNextEndBio dynamic farming Storage Place in glazed earthenware pots with loose fitting lids.Bury in a box surrounded with coir pith, which is kept moist and can be closed.Keep in dark and at temp of not more than 25 C. Use within 1 year. PreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming Effect/result Promotes

16、 root activity Stimulates/increases soil micro-life Regulates lime and nitrogen Helps to release trace elements Increases germinationPreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming BD 501 Cow horn silica MaterialsCow hornSilica quartz crystal should be clear and well formed. Average 200-300 g powdered quartz cry

17、stal/horn.Preparation process Crush silica quartz using a pounding rod, a mortar and pestle, or hammerGrind to a fine powder between 2 plate glassesFirst glass - 12 square and 9 mm thick with a wooden frame.Second glass - 4 square glass plate mounted in a wooden blockEnsure that the quartz dust is n

18、ot inhaled as it could lead to silicosisMoisten with water to make a stiff paste Fill horns with the silica paste Bury horns in soil pit, 1 inch apart with base downwards, surround with 50% compostPreviousNextEndBio dynamic farming PreviousNextEndApplication process Apply 501 only after one or two a

19、pplications of BD 500. 1 gm silica + 15 liters of warm quality water Spray the plants using a low-pressure sprayer (Knapsack 80-100 psi). Storage Store in a glass jar with a loose fitting lid, placed in an open area exposed to sunlight up to 3 years. Effect/result Enhances light metabolism, photosyn

20、thesis and chlorophyll Helps to improve color, aroma, flavor and keeping quality of plants Bio dynamic farming PreviousNextEndCompost preparations 502 507 BD 502 Yarrow (Achillea millifolium)This is made from yarrow flowers combined with the bladder of a stag.Urinary bladder of the stag is used. The

21、 stag with its antlers magnifies the effect of the cosmos. Smell of the stag bladder and that of the yarrow are similar. Cosmos activity of the flower is enhanced by the cosmic activity of the bladderThe energies received by a stag from the cosmos through the antlers center around the bladder. Bio d

22、ynamic farming PreviousNextEndCut the bladder, insert a funnel and introduce the flowers till the bladder is packed. Start the preparation making under the planetary influence of Venus. Blow up the bladder with air when the bladder is fresh. Air dry and then collapse. At the time of use moisten to m

23、ake it flexibleMoisten the flowers with plant extract, stitch up the slit with cotton thread. Store in a closed basket to keep away rodents/pests. Hang up in march to get cosmic influences Bury from September to March in a mud pot with earth insideTime of burial to liftingBio dynamic farming Previou

24、sNextEnd BD 503 Chamomile (Matricuria chamomilla)This is composed of the flowers of the Chamomile plant combined with cow intestine.Method of preparation HarvestingPick flowers when petals are horizontal (mid morning-10 am) Ideal flower will have two rows of petals around the cone Harvest into a tra

25、y as the flowers if left together produce heat Use drying trays Bio dynamic farming PreviousNextEndStorageIn air tight containers.PreparationThe intestine of a cow or bull can be used Do not wash intestine Cut into 15 cm bits Run finger along intestine, like milking a cow, to squeeze out undigested

26、matter Tie cut bits at one end with a cotton string Bio dynamic farmingPreviousNextEnd BD 504 Himalayan stinging nettle (Urtica parviflora)Method of preparationFill the dried leaves into terracotta pipes or mud pots Press well into the containers Ensure that the lid is on Place the pot under the inf

27、luence of Mars (Moisten dry leaves with juice of leaves before filling if found dry)Time of burial to liftingHarvest leaves in May and September Lift the preparation in September after a year.Bio dynamic farmingPreviousNextEndBD 505 Himalayan oak bark (Quercus glauca)This is prepared by combining ba

28、rk of the oak tree with the skull of an animal.Method of preparation Crush the oak bark The skull of any domestic animal may be used The link between the skull and bark is their calcium properties Further, it is the Ca formation and the skull formation that takes place first in the case of the devel

29、opment of the embryocont.Bio dynamic farmingPlace the crushed oak bark in the brain cavity of the skull. Block the opening with a well shaped bone piece. Place the skull in a watery environment with weeds and plant muck which would have been damaged by the local diseases that affect the crop. It sho

30、uld be placed in a location where there is exchange of water such as rain drain/swamp. It should be noted that a foul smell is emitted on lifting the preparation and removing it from the skull This gradually reduces with drying after removal in a dark dry place Fungus may form Turn over frequently t

31、o correct the samePreviousNextEndThe preparation is placed in September and lifted in March.Time of burial to liftingBio dynamic farmingPreviousNextEndBD 506 Dandelion (Taraxicum officinalis)It is made from the dandelion wrapped up in a bovine mesentery.Method of preparation Use the mesentery of the

32、 cow. The flower is very sensitive to light and hence it is placed in the mesentery of a cow, which itself is sensitive Ensure that extra fat is cut off Do not wash the mesentery Place the dried flowers in the mesentery and wrap into a parcel and tie with a jute thread Place the parcel in a good mix

33、ture of soil and compost into a pot While lifting the preparation the mesentery may or may not be seen.Time of burial to lifting Place in September and lift in March.Bio dynamic farmingPreviousNextEndBD 507 Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) The juice of valerian flowers is used for this preparation.

34、Method of preparation Place the clipped flowers into a mortar and pestle and grind into a pasteThis paste is added to water in the ratio of 1:4 in a bottleEnsure storage in a cool placeBio dynamic farmingPreviousNextEndBD 508 (Equisetum arvense) It is very high in silica; it can be used as a tea to

35、control fungus in the early seasonIt should be sprayed at full Moon (2-4 days before) and at Moon opposition Saturn, the same as BD 50Materials 1 kg Equisetum arvense (Horsetail herb) or Casuarina10 litres water Bio dynamic farmingPrevious Dilute the tincture: 50 grams tincture to 10 liters of water

36、 Spray onto the soil or over the plants in the early growing stages For mild fungus problems BD 508 is often sufficient, but for more severe problems BD 501 is more effective.Preparation processMake a strong tea/tincture by boiling the Equisetum arvense or Casuarinain hot water for 2 hrs. Let it sit

37、 for 2 days. Make a strong tea/tincture by boiling the Equisetum arvense or Casuarinain hot water for 2 hrs. Let it sit for 2 days.Application processBio dynamic farming 2. SoilTo produce healthy, vital plants, one must concentrate mainly on the structure and the life of the soil. The nutrients, the

38、 trace elements, the microorganisms, the worms and other animals present in the soil. 3. Organic matterIn order to create this balanced, living soil, what is required is skilful use of organic matter. This is done by building compost heaps and using the Biodynamic compost preparations. PreviousNextE

39、ndBio dynamic farming Crop rotation :Intelligent planning to let the soil rest after heavy-feeding crops (such as potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage), by sowing green manures (legumes, clover) and covering the soil (grass, clover) so that it may build up its humus content and nitrogen levels.PreviousNextEn

40、dBio dynamic farming PreviousNextEndBD 500 Cow horn manure -Preparation processCollecting dung.Burial pit: 45 cm deep.Collect cow horns.Collect fresh dung.Fill cow horns with cow dung.Place horns in burial pit, 2.5 cm apart with base downwards, surround with 50% compost and soil.Keep burial pit soil moist and shaded.Check for dung fermentation.Green cow dung has turned into dark, smooth earthy smelling humus (BD 500) they are ready to be liftedBio dynamic farming PreviousNextEndApplication process Apply 501 only after one or two applications

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