經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表

1、經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表A 安全網(wǎng) safety net 按可比口徑 on comparable basis 按輕重緩急 to prioritize 暗補(bǔ) implicit subsidy 暗虧 hidden loss B 頒發(fā)營業(yè)執(zhí)照 to license;to grant a licence to 辦理存款業(yè)務(wù) to take deposits 保護(hù)農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce 備付金（超額準(zhǔn)備金） excess re

2、serves 本外幣并賬 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外幣對沖操作 sterilization operation 本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism 奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do 避稅（請見“逃稅”） tax avoidance 幣種搭配不當(dāng) currency mismatch 幣種構(gòu)成 currency compo

3、sition 變相社會集資 disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising 表外科目（業(yè)務(wù)） off-balance-sheet items（operation） 薄弱環(huán)節(jié) weaknesses;loopholes 不變成本 fixed cost 不變價(jià) at constant price;in real terms 不動(dòng)產(chǎn) real estate 不良貸款（資產(chǎn)） problem loans；non-performing loans（assets） C 財(cái)務(wù)公司

4、 finance companies 財(cái)政赤字 fiscal deficit 財(cái)政擠銀行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy） 財(cái)政政策與貨幣政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies 采取循序漸進(jìn)的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner 操作彈性 operational flexibility 操縱匯率 to manipulate exchange rate 

5、;產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成 product composition;product mix 產(chǎn)品積壓 stock pile;excessive inventory 產(chǎn)銷率 current period inventory;（即期庫存，不含前期庫存）sales/output ratio 產(chǎn)銷銜接 marketability 產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 industrial policy 長期國債 treasury bonds 敞口頭寸 open position 炒股 to speculate in the stock market 承購包銷 und

6、erwrite（securities） 成套機(jī)電產(chǎn)品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s） 城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives（UCCs） 城市合作銀行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks 城市商業(yè)銀行 municipal commercial banks 城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長超過物價(jià)漲幅 real growth in household income 持續(xù)升溫 persistent overheati

7、ng 重復(fù)布點(diǎn) duplicate projects 重置成本 replacement cost 重組計(jì)劃 restructuring plan 籌資渠道 funding sources;financing channels 初見成效 initial success 出口統(tǒng)一管理、歸口經(jīng)營 canalization of exports 出口退稅 export tax rebate 儲蓄存款 household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）&#

8、160;儲蓄分流 diversion of household deposits 儲源萎縮 decline in the availability of household savings 傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制 transmission mechanism 從價(jià)稅 ad valorem tax 從緊控制 tight control 存貸款比例 loan/deposit ratio 存款保險(xiǎn)體系 deposit insurance system 存款貨幣銀行 deposit money banks 存款準(zhǔn)備金 required

9、reserves D 打白條 issue IOU 大額存單 certificate of deposit（CD） 大額提現(xiàn) withdraw deposits in large amounts 大面積滑坡 wide-spread decline 大一統(tǒng)的銀行體制 （all-in-one）mono-bank system 呆賬（請見“壞賬”） bad loans 呆賬準(zhǔn)備金 loan loss reserves（provisions） 呆滯貸款 idle loans 貸款沉淀 non-perfor

10、ming loans 貸款分類 loan classification 貸款限額管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling 貸款約束機(jī)制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism 代理國庫 to act as fiscal agent 代理金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款 make loans on behalf of other institutions 戴帽貸款 ear-marked loans 倒逼機(jī)制 reversed transmission of th

11、e pressure for easing monetary condition 道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn) moral hazard 地區(qū)差別 regional disparity 第一產(chǎn)業(yè) the primary industry 第二產(chǎn)業(yè) the secondary industry 第三產(chǎn)業(yè) the service industry;the tertiary industry 遞延資產(chǎn) deferrable assets 訂貨不足 insufficient orders 定期存款 time deposits 定向募

12、集 raising funds from targeted sources 東道國（請見“母國”） host country 獨(dú)立核算 independent accounting 短期國債 treasury bills 對沖操作 sterilization operation;hedging 對非金融部門債權(quán) claims on non-financial sector 多種所有制形式 diversified ownership E 惡性通貨膨脹 hyperinflation 二級市場 secondar

13、y market F 發(fā)行貨幣 to issue currency 發(fā)行總股本 total stock issue 法定準(zhǔn)備金 required reserves;reserve requirement 法人股 institutional shares 法人股東 institutional shareholders 法治 rule of law 房地產(chǎn)投資 real estate investment 放松銀根 to ease monetary policy 非現(xiàn)場稽核 off-site sur

14、veillance（or monitoring） 非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu) non-bank financial institutions 非贏利性機(jī)構(gòu) non-profit organizations 分稅制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system 分業(yè)經(jīng)營 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions

15、 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)暴露（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口） risk exposure 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 risk management 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識 risk awareness 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn) risk-based capital standard 服務(wù)事業(yè)收入 public service charges;user's charges 扶貧 poverty alleviation 負(fù)增長 negative growth 復(fù)式預(yù)算制 double-entry budget

16、ing;capital and current budgetary account G 改革試點(diǎn) reform experimentation 杠桿率 leverage ratio 杠桿收購 leveraged buyout 高息集資 to raise funds by offering high interest 個(gè)人股 non-institutional shares 根本扭轉(zhuǎn) fundamental turnaround（or reversal） 公開市場操作 open market operations&#

17、160;公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts 公用事業(yè) public utilities 公有經(jīng)濟(jì) the state-owned sector;the public sector 公有制 public ownership 工業(yè)成本利潤率 profit-to-cost ratio 工業(yè)增加值 industrial value added 供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply 鼓勵(lì)措施 incentives 

18、股份合作企業(yè) joint-equity cooperative enterprises 股份制企業(yè) joint-equity enterprises 股份制銀行 joint-equity banks 固定資產(chǎn)貸款 fixed asset loans 關(guān)稅減免 tariff reduction and exemption 關(guān)稅減讓 tariff concessions 關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment 規(guī)范行為 to regularize（or stand

19、ardize）behavior 規(guī)模效益 economies of scale 國計(jì)民生 national interest and people's livelihood 國家對個(gè)人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals 國家風(fēng)險(xiǎn) country risk 國際分工 international division of labor 國際收支 balance of payments 國有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行 wholly state-owned commercial banks

20、 國有經(jīng)濟(jì)（部門） the state-owned（or public）sector 國有企業(yè) state-owned enterprises（SOEs） 國有制 state-ownership 國有資產(chǎn)流失 erosion of state assets 國債回購 government securities repurchase 國債一級自營商 primary underwriters of government securities 過度競爭 excessive competition 過度膨脹 excessi

21、ve expansion 過熱跡象 signs of overheating H 合理預(yù)期 rational expectation 核心資本 core capital 合資企業(yè) joint-venture enterprises 紅利 dividend 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)營良好 sound macroeconomic performance 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)基本狀況 macroeconomic fundamentals 宏觀調(diào)控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment） 

22、宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo) macroeconomic objectives（or targets） 壞賬 bad debt 還本付息 debt service 換匯成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings 匯兌在途 funds in float 匯兌支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank 匯率并軌 unification of exchange rates 活期存款 deman

23、d deposits 匯率失調(diào) exchange rate misalignment 混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership 貨幣政策態(tài)勢 monetary policy stance 貨款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers J 基本建設(shè)投資 investment in infrastructure 基本經(jīng)濟(jì)要素 economic fundamentals 基本適度 broadly appropriate 基準(zhǔn)利率 benchmark int

24、erest rate 機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體存款 deposits of non-profit institutions 機(jī)會成本 opportunity cost 激勵(lì)機(jī)制 incentive mechanism 積壓嚴(yán)重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory 擠提存款 run on banks 擠占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses） 技改投資 investment in technological

25、upgrading 技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品 technology-intensive product 計(jì)劃單列市 municipalities with independent planning status 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) planned economy 集體經(jīng)濟(jì) the collective sector 加大結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度 to intensify structural adjustment 加工貿(mào)易 processing trade 加快態(tài)勢 accelerating trend 加強(qiáng)稅收征管稽查 to enhance t

26、ax administration 加權(quán)價(jià) weighted average price 價(jià)格放開 price liberalization 價(jià)格形成機(jī)制 pricing mechanism 減虧 to reduce losses 簡化手續(xù) to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures 交投活躍 brisk trading 繳存準(zhǔn)備金 to deposit required reserves 結(jié)構(gòu)扭曲 structural distortion 結(jié)構(gòu)失

27、調(diào) structural imbalance 結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化 structural improvement（optimization） 結(jié)匯、售匯 sale and purchase of foreign exchange 金融脆弱 financial fragility 金融動(dòng)蕩 financial turbulence 金融風(fēng)波 financial disturbance 金融恐慌 financial panic 金融危機(jī) financial cr

28、isis 金融壓抑 financial repression 金融衍生物 financial derivatives 金融詐騙 financial fraud 緊縮銀根 to tighten monetary policy 緊縮政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies 經(jīng)常賬戶可兌換 current account convertibility 經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū) special economic zones（SEZs） 經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革 economic reform

29、0;經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式的轉(zhuǎn)變 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains） 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長減速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth 經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁 economic sanction 經(jīng)營自主權(quán) autonomy in management 景氣回升 recovery in business activity 境外投資 overseas investment 

30、;競爭加劇 intensifying competition 局部性金融風(fēng)波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance K 開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù) to engage in RMB business 可維持（可持續(xù)）經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 sustainable economic growth 可變成本 variable cost 可自由兌換貨幣 freely convertible currency 控制現(xiàn)金投放 control currency issuance 扣除物價(jià)因素 in real

31、terms;on inflation-adjusted basis 庫存產(chǎn)品 inventory 跨國銀行業(yè)務(wù) cross-border banking 跨年度采購 cross-year procurement 會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則 accounting standard L 來料加工 processing of imported materials for export 離岸銀行業(yè)務(wù) off-shore banking（business） 理順外貿(mào)體制 to rationalize foreign trade regime&

32、#160;利率杠桿的調(diào)節(jié)作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation 利潤驅(qū)動(dòng) profit-driven 利息回收率 interest collection ratio 聯(lián)行清算 inter-bank settlement 連鎖企業(yè) franchise（businesses）;chain businesses 良性循環(huán) virtuous cycle 兩極分化 growing income disparity;polarization in income distributi

33、on 零售物價(jià)指數(shù) retail price index（RPI） 流動(dòng)性比例 liquidity ratio 流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets 流動(dòng)資金貸款 working capital loans 流通體制 distribution system 流通網(wǎng)絡(luò) distribution network 留購（租賃期滿時(shí)承租人可購買租賃物） hire purchase 壟斷行業(yè) monopolized industry（sector） 亂集資 irregular

34、（illegal）fund raising 亂收費(fèi) irregular（illegal）charges 亂攤派 unjustified（arbitrary）levies M 買方市場 buyer's market 賣方市場 seller's market 賣出回購證券 matched sale of repo 貿(mào)易差額 trade balance 民間信用 non-institutionalized credit 免二減三 exemption of income tax for the f

35、irst two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years 明補(bǔ) explicit subsidy 明虧 explicit loss 名牌產(chǎn)品 brand products 母國（請見“東道國”） home country N 內(nèi)部控制 internal control 內(nèi)部審計(jì) internal audit 內(nèi)地與香港 the mainland and Hong Kong 內(nèi)債 domestic de

36、bt 扭虧為盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one 扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources 農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品采購支出 outlays for agricultural procurement 農(nóng)村信用社 rural credit cooperatives（RCCs） P 泡沫效應(yīng) bubble effect 泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì) bubble economy 培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn) to tap new

37、sources of economic growth 片面追求發(fā)展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 平衡發(fā)展 balanced development 瓶頸制約 bottleneck（constraints） 平穩(wěn)回升 steady recovery 鋪底流動(dòng)資金 initial（start-up）working capital 普遍回升 broad-based recovery 配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms 配套人民幣資金 local curr

38、ency funding of Q 企業(yè)辦社會 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities 企業(yè)集團(tuán)戰(zhàn)略 corporate group strategy 企業(yè)兼并重組 company merger and restructuring 企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子 enterprise management 企業(yè)所得稅 enterprise（corporate）income tax 企業(yè)效益 corporate profitability 企業(yè)資金違規(guī)流入股市 irregul

39、ar flow of enterprise funds into the stock market 欠稅 tax arrears 欠息 overdue interest 強(qiáng)化稅收征管 to strengthen tax administration 強(qiáng)制措施 enforcement action 翹尾因素 carryover effect 切一刀 partial application 清理收回貸款 clean up and recover loans （破產(chǎn)）清算 liquidation 傾斜政策 pr

40、eferential policy 區(qū)別對待 differential treatment 趨勢加強(qiáng) intensifying trend 全球化 globalization 權(quán)益回報(bào)率 returns on equity（ROE） 缺乏后勁 unsustainable momentum R 繞規(guī)模貸款 to circumvent credit ceiling 人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 per capita GDP 人均收入 per capita income 人民幣升值壓力 upward pressu

41、re on the Renminbi（exchange rate） 認(rèn)繳資本 subscribed capital 軟貸款 soft loans 軟預(yù)算約束 soft budget constraint 軟著陸 soft landing S 三角債 chain debts;inter-enterprise arrears 善政廉政 good governance 商業(yè)貸款 commercial loans 上市公司 （publicly）listed corporations 設(shè)備利用 capac

42、ity utilization 社會保障 social safety net;social security（insurance） 深層次矛盾 deep-rooted structural imbalance 審批金融機(jī)構(gòu) to license financial institutions 審慎監(jiān)管 prudential supervision 生產(chǎn)能力閑置 unutilized capacity 生息資產(chǎn) interest-bearing assets 實(shí)際利用外資 disbursement of foreign capi

43、tal;actual inflow of foreign investment 實(shí)際有效匯率 real effective exchange rate 實(shí)時(shí) real time 實(shí)收資本 paid-in capital 實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤 realized profit 市場分割 market segmentation 市場經(jīng)濟(jì) market economy 市場占有率（市場份額） market share 市場準(zhǔn)入 market access（指商品和勞務(wù)的進(jìn)入）；market entry（指機(jī)構(gòu)的審批） 市價(jià)總

44、值 market capitalization 適度從緊 appropriately tight 適時(shí)調(diào)節(jié) timely adjustment 收回對金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款 to recall central bank loans （to financial institutions） 稅后還貸 amortization（repayment of loans）after tax 稅收流失 tax erosion 稅源不足 weak tax base 私營經(jīng)濟(jì)（私人經(jīng)濟(jì)） the private sector 私有制 priv

45、ate ownership 所有者權(quán)益 owner's equity T 逃稅（請見“避稅”） tax evasion 套匯 （1）指合法：currency swap;arbitrage（2）指非法：illegal purchase of foreign exchange 剔除季節(jié)性因素 seasonally adjusted 調(diào)節(jié)流動(dòng)性 to influence liquidity level 貼現(xiàn)窗口 discount window 同比 on year-on-year basis;over the s

46、ame period of the previous year 同業(yè)拆借（放） inter-bank borrowing（lending） 同業(yè)拆借市場利率（中國） CHIBOR（China inter-bank offered rate） 同業(yè)融通票據(jù) inter-bank financing bills 同業(yè)往來 inter-bank transactions 透支 overdraft 退稅 tax refund（rebate） 頭寸 position 吞吐基礎(chǔ)貨幣 adjustment of monetary

47、 base 脫媒現(xiàn)象 disintermediation W 外部審計(jì) external audit 外國直接投資 foreign direct investment （FDI） 外匯儲備 foreign exchange reserves 外匯調(diào)劑 foreign exchange swap 外匯占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings 外向

48、型經(jīng)濟(jì) export-oriented economy 外債 external debt 外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprises 完善現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度 to improve the modern enterprise system 完稅憑證 tax payment documentation 違法經(jīng)營 illegal business 委托存款 entrusted deposits 穩(wěn)步增長 steady growth 穩(wěn)健的銀行系統(tǒng) a sound banking system 穩(wěn)中

49、求進(jìn) to make progress while ensuring stability 無紙交易 book-entry（or paperless/scriptless）transaction 物價(jià)監(jiān)測 price monitoring X 吸納流動(dòng)性 to absorb liquidity 稀缺經(jīng)濟(jì) scarcity economy 洗錢 money laundering 系統(tǒng)內(nèi)調(diào)度 fund allocation within a bank 系統(tǒng)性金融危機(jī) systemic financial crisis&#

50、160;下崗工人 laid-off employees 下游企業(yè) down-stream enterprises 現(xiàn)場稽核 on-site examination 現(xiàn)金滯留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè) township and village enterprises（TVEs） 消費(fèi)物價(jià)指數(shù) consumer price index（CPI） 消費(fèi)稅 excise（consumption）tax 消滅財(cái)政赤字 to balance the budget;to

51、 eliminate fiscal deficit 銷貨款回籠 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system 銷售平淡 lackluster sales 協(xié)議外資金額 committed amount of foreign investment 新經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn) new sources of economic growth 新開工項(xiàng)目 new projects;newly started projects 新增貸款 incremental credit; loan incre

52、ment; credit growth; credit expansion 新增就業(yè)位置 new jobs;new job opportunities 信貸規(guī)?？己?review the compliance with credit ceilings 信號失真 distorted signals 信托投資公司 trust and investment companies 信息不對稱 information asymmetry 信息反饋 feedback（information） 信息共享系統(tǒng) information shar

53、ing system 信息披露 information disclosure 信用擴(kuò)張 credir expansion 信用評級 credit rating 姓“資”還是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist 行政措施 administrative measures 需求膨脹 demand expansion; excessive demand 虛偽存款 window-dressing deposits 削減冗員 to s

54、hed excess labor force 尋租 rent seeking 迅速反彈 quick rebound Y 養(yǎng)老基金 pension fund 一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation 一級市場 primary market 應(yīng)收未收利息 overdue interest 銀行網(wǎng)點(diǎn) banking outlets 贏利能力 profitability 營業(yè)稅 business tax 硬貸款（商業(yè)貸

55、款） commercial loans 用地審批 to grant land use right 有管理的浮動(dòng)匯率 managed floating exchange rate 證券投資 portfolio investment 游資（熱錢） hot money 有市場的產(chǎn)品 marketable products 有效供給 effective supply 誘發(fā)新一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張 trigger a new round of economic expansion 逾期貸款 overdue loans;past-due

56、 loans 與國際慣例接軌 to become compatible with internationally accepted 與國際市場接軌 to integrate with the world market 預(yù)算外支出（收入） off-budget （extra-budgetary） expenditure（revenue） 預(yù)調(diào) pre-emptive adjustment 月環(huán)比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis Z 再貸款 central bank l

57、ending 在國際金融機(jī)構(gòu)儲備頭寸 reserve position in international financial institutions 在人行存款 deposits at （with） the central bank 在途資金 fund in float 增加農(nóng)業(yè)投入 to increase investment in agriculture 增勢減緩 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum 增收節(jié)支措施 revenue-enhancing and ex

58、penditure control measures 增長平穩(wěn) steady growth 增值稅 value-added tax（VAT） 漲幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth 賬外賬 concealed accounts 折舊 depreciation 整頓 retrenchment;consolidation 政策工具 policy instrument 政策性業(yè)務(wù) policy-related operations 政策性銀行 policy banks 政策組合 policy mix 政府干預(yù) government intervention 證券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions 證券業(yè)務(wù)占款 funding of securities purchase 支付困難 payment difficulty 支付能力 payment capacity 直接調(diào)控方式向 to increase the reliance