主謂一致精講

1、主謂一致精講英語(yǔ)中的主謂一致主要應(yīng)注意以下一些情況:1)由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果指同一個(gè)人或物，或指同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：He and I are both students of physics in this university.他和我都是這所大學(xué)學(xué)物理的學(xué)生。（主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)人）The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance this evening.那名歌星也是舞跟演員今晚要給我們演出。（主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)人）Bread and butt

2、er is a common food for breakfast in England.面包黃油是英國(guó)的普通早餐食物。（同一概念）Bread and butter are sold in this shop.這家商店里有賣(mài)的面包和黃油。（不同概念）另外，由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)的前面分別有each, every或no修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country.在我們國(guó)家每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都必須接受教育。No student and no teacher was invite

3、d to the party last week.上個(gè)周沒(méi)有學(xué)生，也沒(méi)有老師被邀請(qǐng)參加那次聚會(huì)。there be句型中and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)和就近的一個(gè)保持一致。例如：There is only an old piano and some broken chairs in the room.房間里只有一架舊鋼琴和幾把破椅子。There are still some eggs and meat in the plate.盤(pán)子里有雞蛋和肉。2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)帶有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without,

4、except/but, including等介詞引出的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和連接詞前一部分主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：Alice, together with two other boys, was punished for having broken the rule.艾麗斯，還有另外兩個(gè)男孩因?yàn)檫`反規(guī)則而受到懲罰。Mary as well as her three classmates studies Chinese in our school.瑪麗還有她有三個(gè)同學(xué)都在我們學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)中文。All the soldiers, including my brother, are leaving for th

5、e front tomorrow.所有的戰(zhàn)士，包括我哥哥，明天將要去前線。No one except my parents knows the truth.除了我的父母沒(méi)有人知道真相。3)由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：Either he or you are to do the work in the forest.要么他，要么是你將要去森林里做這項(xiàng)工作。Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.不

6、僅是學(xué)生，老師也盼望著放假。4)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞或不定式表示某種抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，但連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞或不定式表示不同概念時(shí)，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times.看見(jiàn)一次比聽(tīng)說(shuō)百遍更好。Collecting stamps is the old mans only interest in life.收集郵票是老人一生唯一的愛(ài)好。Laying eggs and looking for food are their main jobs.產(chǎn)卵和尋覓食物是它們的主要工作。5)名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)

7、形式，但若兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的從句由and連接表示兩個(gè)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。shat引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)取決于表語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)。例如：What he is doing seems very important.他正在做的事情似乎很重要。What caused the fire and how much the loss was are still unknown.什么導(dǎo)致了大火、損失是多少仍然還不知道。What he needs is just money for the childs disease.他所需要的是給孩子治病的錢(qián)。What I need badly are books on sc

8、ience.我非常需要的是有關(guān)科學(xué)的書(shū)籍。6)all, more, most, some, any, part, half, the rest, the majority等表示部分概念或不定數(shù)量的名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于后接名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：All of the newspapers are delivered by post.所有這些報(bào)紙都通過(guò)郵寄來(lái)發(fā)出。All of the money is spent in helping those who are out of work.所有這些錢(qián)都被用來(lái)幫助那些失業(yè)的人。Most of the electronic games a

9、re not helpful to childrens study.在多數(shù)電子游戲?qū)⒆拥膶W(xué)習(xí)并沒(méi)有多大幫助。Most of the rice is shipped to the place where it is more needed.大多數(shù)大米用船運(yùn)往更需要的地方去。The rest of the work has to be finished before Friday.其余的工作必須在周五前完成。The rest of the people present are against your design.其余在場(chǎng)的人都反對(duì)你的方案。7)分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)形式和名詞的數(shù)保持

10、一致。例如：Three quarters of the money is spent in building roads, railways and so on.四分之三的錢(qián)被用來(lái)修建公路、鐵路等。Three fourths of the bridges were washed away in the flooded area.在洪水地區(qū)四分之三的橋梁被沖走。8)public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group, government, company, committee, audience等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形

11、式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體成員，則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：My family is not a big one, but the whole family are all music lovers.我的家庭并不太大，但全家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。As is known to all, Chinas population is larger than any other countrys in the world.眾所周知，中國(guó)的人口比世界上任何其他國(guó)家的人口都多。Nearly two thirds of the population are peasants in our country.我們國(guó)家三分之二的人口

12、是農(nóng)民。9)復(fù)數(shù)形式的專(zhuān)有名詞（國(guó)家、城市、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織、書(shū)報(bào)、雜志等）通常作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The New York Times is one of the most important papers in the United States.紐約時(shí)報(bào)是美國(guó)最重要的報(bào)紙之一。The United Nations is an important international organization.聯(lián)合國(guó)是一個(gè)非常重要的國(guó)際組織。10)表時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、距離、金錢(qián)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，通常看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：Two hours is not long enou

13、gh for this work.兩個(gè)小時(shí)對(duì)于這項(xiàng)工作不是太長(zhǎng)。Eighty miles is quite a long distance for children.八十英里對(duì)于孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)是很長(zhǎng)的距離。11)以s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如maths, physics, politics 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Politics is now taught in all the schools in China.中國(guó)所有的學(xué)校里都開(kāi)設(shè)政治課。12)由glasses, stockings, trousers, shoes等兩個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)部分組成一體的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但有a pair

14、 of單位量詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)就同pair的數(shù)保持一致。例如：Here is a pair of new trousers for you.有一條給你的新褲子。My shoes are worn out.我的鞋子穿壞了。13)the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；但a number of短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The numbers of the tigers is only 100 in this district.該地區(qū)老虎的數(shù)量只有100只。A number of officials were put into prison because of the

15、accident.因?yàn)檫@次事故，許多官員被關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。14)由every-, some-, any-, no-等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：Everyone obeys the rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.每個(gè)人都遵守規(guī)則，違反這些規(guī)則的任何人都要受到懲罰。15)由one, either, each, neither +of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：We both fell off, but fortunately neither of us was hurt.我們倆都跌倒了，幸運(yùn)的

16、是沒(méi)有一個(gè)受傷。One of my classmates is from an African country.我的一位同學(xué)是來(lái)自非洲的一個(gè)國(guó)家。16)people, police, cattle等集合名詞，形式上是單數(shù)，但意義上為復(fù)數(shù)Chinese, Japanese，因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；泛指“中國(guó)人”“日本人”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但表示“語(yǔ)言”時(shí)則用單數(shù)。例如：Many people are busy clearing away the snow on the road.許多人正忙著清除路上的積雪。The Chinese people are a great and hardworking p

17、eople.中華民族是一個(gè)偉大而勤奮的民族。The Chinese are kind and friendly, especially to foreigners.中國(guó)人非常善良、友好，尤其是對(duì)外國(guó)人。Chinese is one of the working languages in the United Nations.中文是聯(lián)合國(guó)的工作語(yǔ)言之一。17)the+形容詞(blind, deaf, poor, living, young, dead, wounded)作主語(yǔ)，如表示一類(lèi)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但如果指具體的一個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The rich are for th

18、e plan while the poor are against it.富人支持這個(gè)計(jì)劃，而窮人則反對(duì)。The wounded was my classmate and he was taken to the hospital.那個(gè)受傷的是我的同學(xué)，他已被送往醫(yī)院。18)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)取決于先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)名詞作先行詞，故定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；the only/very one+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，one為先行詞，故定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：I was the only one in my office who was invited

19、to the party.我是辦公室里唯一被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)的人。He is only one of the teachers who were praised at the meeting.他僅僅是會(huì)上被表?yè)P(yáng)的老師之一。19)由a kind of, this/ that kind of, many/ these/ those kinds of以及名詞+of this kind和kind與意義相近的sort, type，構(gòu)成的類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，例如：A new type of machine is on show now.一種新型的機(jī)器正在展出。Machines

20、 of this type are on show now.這種類(lèi)型的機(jī)器正在展出。20)注意幾種特殊情況的主謂一致：“a+單數(shù)名詞+or two”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；“one or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“more than one+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式：“many a +單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)多用單數(shù)形式；倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：A day or two has passed. / One or two days have passed.一兩天的時(shí)間過(guò)去了。More than one passenger was hurt in the

21、air crash.飛機(jī)墜毀事故中不止一名乘客受傷。Many a bicycle was stolen and many were new ones.許多自行車(chē)被盜竊，而且許多是新車(chē)。Around the teacher are some girls asking questions.老師的周?chē)且恍┰趩?wèn)問(wèn)題的女生21)注意一些特殊名詞的主謂一致：population（與表語(yǔ)一致）；man（表示“人類(lèi)”用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)形式）；word（指“消息”時(shí)不可數(shù)，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)形式）；the world（指“世人”，用單數(shù)）；clothing（用單數(shù)）；news（用單數(shù)）；works（單數(shù)形式）；woods（單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)）；means（視具體情況）。能