虛擬語氣用法歸納

1、虛擬語氣用法歸納英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語 氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。一、虛擬條件句條件句有兩類：一類是真實條件句，一類是虛擬條件句如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實條件句，謂語用陳述語氣。If you don 't work hard, you will fail.If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.如果假設(shè)的情況過去、現(xiàn)在、將來都不存在，則為虛擬語氣虛擬條件句和對應(yīng)主句的動詞形式列表：條件從句的謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與過去事實相反的假設(shè)had

2、donewould/could/might/should have done與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)過去時（was 一 were）would/could/might/should do與將來事實相反的假設(shè)過去時（wasfwere ）;should do;were to dowould/could/might/should do1 .與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬What would you do if you won the lottery?If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.If I had a lot of money now, I

3、would travel around the world.2 .與過去事實相反的虛擬If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen her.If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.3 .與將來事實相反的虛擬If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, our plan would be put off.If we were to picnic, we would n

4、ot be able to help.二、錯綜、混合虛擬語氣通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真實條件句的虛擬語氣模式，從句和主句的謂語動詞 時間是一致的，如果兩者時間不一致，此時就是混合型虛擬語氣。混合型虛擬語氣的使用 要求“各自為政”，即從句和主句根據(jù)各自假設(shè)的時間不同，采用上面表格中對應(yīng)的的謂語 動詞形式。1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now.（從句是對過去的假設(shè)，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be

5、 so sleepy now.（ 從句 是對過去的假設(shè)，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè) ）3. Had you followed the doctor's suggestion, you would be fine now.（從句是對過去的彳民設(shè)，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）4. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.（從句是對過去的假設(shè)，主句是對將來的假設(shè)）5. You didn 't let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn

6、9;t be so tired now.（ 從句是對過去的假設(shè)，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）6. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. ( 從句是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)，主句是對將來的假設(shè))三、含蓄虛擬語氣虛擬語氣中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虛擬語氣。因為有時假設(shè)的情況并不是以 if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句形式出現(xiàn)， 而是通過一些短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在， 常用的詞語有with,without, but for, otherwise, or , even, in case of, what if(如果 將如何)等等，這種句子往往 有主句

7、而無從句(考試時多數(shù)情況是對過去的假設(shè))。But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. (過去)Without water, all lives would die. (現(xiàn)在)He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. (過去)I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. (過去)四、 虛名詞性從句的虛擬語氣含

8、有 should +V 的用法， 這一部分主要是有關(guān)建議和命令的相關(guān)從句， 包括主語從句， 賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句以及以之相關(guān)的形式主語賓語之類的從句。記憶口訣：一個堅持 (insist) ，兩個命令(order, command) ，三個建議(suggest, advise, recommend) ，四個要求 (ask, require, demand, request) 。1. 賓語從句的虛擬語氣He insisted that the meeting be put off.The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should) l

9、eave.He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.2. 表語從句的虛擬語氣My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.3. 同位語從句的虛擬語氣There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.4. 主語從句的虛擬語氣主要體現(xiàn)在It 做形式主語的三種情況：It s +p.p +that ；It s+ adj. +that ； It s + n. +that常用的動詞 recommand, demand, desire, ord

10、er, request, require, suggest,command常 用 的 形 容 詞 important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential常用的名詞 duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret其實這些詞在句子中其實也有建議命令類似的的意思It s important that you should take the medicine.It s a pit

11、y that you should refuse the invitation.It s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.It s demanded that all the students should go to the playground.It was suggested that he should join the club activities.5. It 為形式賓語的情況實際上是上面形式主語的一種變形，是以it 為形式賓語的復(fù)合賓語從句， it 后面的賓語補足語多為形容詞或名詞， 常見詞

12、就是上面形式主語后面的那些詞。I consider it vital that he (should) think deeply before acting.We think it necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.6. 某些詞語如 suggest, insist 等有雙重含義， 所以在使用的時候要注意什么時候用虛擬語氣，什么時候不用虛擬語氣。Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.We insisted that what the boy did was wrong

13、.五虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運用，主要有兩種情況：1. would rather, It ' s time ，for fear that would rather 在使用時要注意它的不同用法。 因為本身 would rather 可以直接接動詞原 形，構(gòu)成 would rather do sth. （than do sth.else）; 或者 would do sth. rather than do sth.else. 而虛擬語氣的 would rather 是這樣使用的 would rather sb. did（ 對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼募僭O(shè)）/ haddone（對過去的假設(shè)） I would

14、rather he didn t go now. They would rather they hadn t attended the party.It' s （about） （high） time （that）從句中常用過去式（有時也用should do）,含建議的意 思。漢語的意思為是該做的時候了 ”，也等于It' s time for sb. to do sth.It s high time （that） we went home.It s high time that we （should） go home.It s high time for us to go hom

15、e.for fear that 后面可以接虛擬語氣should do ，也可以接其他語氣，但依然會有一個情態(tài)動詞。I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.II . wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If only 這三種情況的虛擬語氣有點相似。wish 后的賓語從句， 謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣， 其形式主要有三種 wish sb. did（ 對現(xiàn)在的 虛擬 ）; wish sb. had done（ 對過去的虛擬 ）; wish sb. would do （ 對將來的

16、虛擬）.偶爾在對過去的虛擬時，也會出現(xiàn)wish sb. would have done 的情況。I wish I knew what was going to happen. She wished she had stayed at home.I wish I would have seen her last night.此時要注意表示語氣很強(qiáng)時用 How sb. Wish+ clause, 其用法同上。如果要用 was 依 然換成 were.How I wish I were a bird.as if/ though 出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣主要有兩種情況：主句 +as if/ though 引導(dǎo)的狀

17、語從句； seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句。主句 +as if/ though 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句：主句 +as if/ though+ 主語 +did/ were（ 對現(xiàn)在的假 設(shè) ） ； 主句 +as if/ though+ 主語 +could/ would do（ 對將來的假設(shè)） ； 主句 +as if/ though+ 主語 +haddone（對過去的假設(shè)）seem/ look/ smell 等的從句情況基本上和上面一致。She talks as if she knew everything.He behaved as if nothing

18、had happened.注意不需要用虛擬語氣的情況If only 引起的感嘆句要求用虛擬語氣，表示愿望。形式為：用過去式或者would/ coulddo, 表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實相反的愿望； 用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反的愿望。If only he were here!If only you would listen to our advise!If only I had not been busy last week! If only 也可以用于虛擬條件從句中，如：If only I had more money, I could buy a car!六、虛擬語氣測試題I 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)

19、形式填空。1.If you (follow) the doctor, you(be) all right now.2. If we (drive) the car by turns, you(not be) so tired now.3. If I (be) you, I ( not miss) that opportunity.4. If they (start) in the early morning, they (arrive) soon5.If you (take) an umbrella, you(not be) wet now.6. Without water, there (b

20、e) no living things.7. But for your help, we (not finish) the work.8. The young man insisted that he (do) nothing wrong and (set) free.9. Had you listened to the doctor, you (be) all right now.10. look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I (follow) your advice.11. 單項選擇 。1. If I had enough tim

21、e, I _ it better next time .A. will doB. have done C. did D. would do2. If my car more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A.was B.had been C.should be D.would be3. How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden .A. hadB. have hadC. will haveD. had had

22、4. Sorry , I am too busy now . If I time , I would certainly go for an outing with you .A. hadB. have hadC. had hadD. have5. I through that bitter period without your generous help .A. wouldn t have gone B. didn t goC. wouldn t goD. hadn t gone6. - He will come tomorrow .- But I d rather he the day

23、after tomorrow .A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come7. What would have happened , as far as the river bank ?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walked farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday . I the trouble to carry my

24、umbrellawith me .A. should have taken B. could have takenC. mustn t have taken D . needn t have taken9. You much better now if you had taken the doctors advice .A. would be B. would have been C. will be D. should be10. myself to my study , I would be sitting in a comfortable table office now .A. If

25、I devoted B. Should I devote C. Would I devoteD. Had I devoted11. it rain tomorrow , we would have to put off the visit to Zhonshan Bridge .A. Were B. ShouldC. Would D. Will12. If he my advice , he wouldn t have lost his job .A. followedB. should follow C. had followed D. would follow13. no air or w

26、ater , there would be no life in the world .A. Were there B. There are C. There wasD. Is there14. It s high time that your daughter to school .A. would be sent B. must be sentC. should be sent D. is sent15. It is necessary that these exercise books as soon as possible .A. are handed in B. would be h

27、anded inC. will be handed inD. behanded in16. Mr.Green requires that the students a composition every other week .A. write B. writtenC. would writeD. will write17. But for the help of my English teacher , I the first prize in the English writingcomposition .A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won18. Brown had intended to take a job in business , but that plan after the unpleasantexperience in America in 2011.A. had abandoned B. has abandoned C. abandoned D. will abandonIII 根據(jù)漢語提示， 用括號中的單詞完成句子。1. 要是他按照醫(yī)生要求的那樣靜靜地躺著， 他現(xiàn)在