新課標(biāo)備戰(zhàn)范文年高中英語語法系統(tǒng)全解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞二教案

1、 第四章 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（二） 一、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)十分重要的結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)有兩個(gè)主要的用法。 表示對過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的推測或估計(jì) may might have done 表示“大概已經(jīng)” 通常用于肯定句和否定句。 might有時(shí)可用于疑問句。 can could have done 表示“可能已經(jīng)” 通常用于疑問句和否定句。 could有時(shí)可用于肯定句。 must have done 表示“一定已經(jīng)” 只用于肯定句，具有較大的可能性 should have done表示“該”,可能性較小 表示對過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的遺憾或責(zé)備 might ha

2、ve done 表示“本可以 通常用于肯定句 could have done 表示“本可以 通常用于肯定句。 should have done 表示“應(yīng)該 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句。 ought to have done 表示“應(yīng)該” 同should have done。 needn't have done 表示“本沒有必要” 只用于否定句。 A may /might /have done 1表示對過去事實(shí)不大肯定的推測，常譯為“可能已經(jīng)”。 They might have taken a later train. 也許他們乘坐的是晚一點(diǎn)兒的火車。 He seems to know

3、 the city quite well. He may have been there before. 他似乎對那個(gè)城市很熟悉，他以前可能去過那兒。 2表示“本來應(yīng)該或可以做但沒有做某事”，含有輕微的責(zé)備口吻或遺憾。 You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本來應(yīng)該給他更多的幫助，雖然你很忙。 這個(gè)建議本該拒絕的。The proposal might have been refused. B cancould have done 1表示對過去事實(shí)的推測，常用于否定句和疑問句。 He can't couldn

4、't have watched TV yesterday for he knew they would have an exam. 昨天他不可能看電視，因?yàn)樗揽煲荚嚵恕?I don't know why she didn't call me yesterday. Can (Could) she have forgotten my telephone number 我不知道昨天她為什么沒給我打電話，難道她會(huì)把我的電話號碼忘了嗎？ He didn't come to school yesterday. Can he have been ill 他昨天沒來學(xué)校，

5、難道他生病了？ 2could可表示對過去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遺憾，可譯成“本來是可以的”。 Why didn't Sophie apply for the job She could have got it. 為什么索菲不申請這項(xiàng)工作？她本來是能得到的。 Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York You could have stayed with Barbara. 你到紐約時(shí)為什么住賓館？你完全可以和芭芭拉住在一起的。 Given more time, we could have done the work bet

6、ter. 如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們完全可以把這項(xiàng)工作干得更好。 C must have done 表示對過去事實(shí)有把握的推測，具有較大的可能性。只用于肯定句1 中，否定句和疑問句用cancould have done。 His watch must have stopped. 他的表肯定停了。 - I rang your flat yesterday. A man answered but I didn't recognize the voice. 昨天我給你家打電話，一位男士接了電話，但我沒聽出來是誰的聲音。 - Oh, it must have been my brother P

7、eter. 哦，那一定是我哥哥彼得。 2用于虛擬語氣中時(shí)，表示與過去事實(shí)相反。 You must have caught the bus if you had got up earlier. 如果你早一點(diǎn)兒起床的話，你準(zhǔn)能趕上那一班公共汽車了。（事實(shí)上沒有趕上公共汽車） He must have won the game if he had been careful enough. 如果他足夠細(xì)心的話，他準(zhǔn)能贏得比賽。. D needn't have done 用于對過去的責(zé)備，表示“沒有必要做某事，可是做了”。 The airport is close to us. You need

8、n't have hurried there early. 機(jī)場離這兒很近，你沒必要早早地趕到那里。（可是你早早地到那兒了） He is still young. You needn't have sent him such an expensive present. 他還小，你沒必要送他這么昂貴的禮物。 注意： 。didn't need to do如表示“過去不必做也沒有做”之意，需用 It is not cold today. I didn't need to take the thick sweaters out. 今天天氣不冷，我沒有必要把厚毛衣拿出來。

9、（實(shí)際上也沒拿） E shouldought to have done 1表示對過去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備或批評。 You should have gone over your lessons. (In fact you didn't go over your lessons.) 你們應(yīng)把功課復(fù)習(xí)好的。（可事實(shí)上你們沒有。） You shouldn't have watched TV last night. (In fact you watched TV last night.) 你們昨天晚上本不該看電視。（可你們看了。） You oughtn't to have entered

10、the teachers' office without permission. 沒有經(jīng)過允許，你們本不該進(jìn)老師的辦公室。 You oughtn't to have gone to the deserted place alone. 你不該獨(dú)自去那荒涼之地。 2表示期待或推測。 If the flight was on time, you should ought to have arrived in Shanghai early this morning. 如果航班準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的話，你今早就能到上海了。 The building should ought to have been c

11、ompleted by the end of the week. 這幢建筑物本周末前應(yīng)該能完工。 would have done F 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)或結(jié)果。 I would have been happy to see him, but I didn't have time. 我會(huì)很高興和他見面的，但我沒時(shí)間見他。 If your father had still been alive, he would have felt very proud of you. 你父親如果還健在的話，他會(huì)為你驕傲的。素胚勾勒出青花筆鋒濃轉(zhuǎn)淡，瓶身描繪的牡丹一如你初妝。冉冉檀香透過窗心事我了然

12、，宣上走筆至此擱一半，便作為我遇見你伏筆. 訪問 Kevin 's BLOG 帖數(shù)公式 ：實(shí)際值顯示值 2400 版權(quán)所有（kevinchen）如有雷同，純屬巧合 UID70237 帖子15125 精華5 積分474185 閱讀權(quán)限80 來自福建福州 在線時(shí)間1404 小時(shí) 注冊時(shí)間2006-1-23 最后登錄2011-1-24 查看個(gè)人網(wǎng)站 查看詳細(xì)資料引用 報(bào)告 回復(fù) TOP kevinchen 鉆石戰(zhàn)士 Member 個(gè)人空間 發(fā)短消息 加為好友 當(dāng)前離線 17# 中 小 發(fā)表于 2007-1-19 20:57 只看該作者 動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式（一） 第五章 動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的

13、一種非謂語形式，在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語。動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，它可以有自己的賓語和狀語，從而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語。它還可以有形式的變化，即一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式。同時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式也具有非動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞、形容詞或副詞，可以在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語和狀語。 一、動(dòng)詞不定式的特征和種類 動(dòng)詞不定式是由不定式符號to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在某些情況下to也可省略。 A 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常與主要謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。 He appears to be very happy. 他看起來好像很高興。（同時(shí)發(fā)生） To ca

14、tch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 為了趕上火車，我們最好趕緊乘出租車去車站。（to catch the train發(fā)生在hurry to the station之后） B不定式的進(jìn)行式 不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正在進(jìn)行的或與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到達(dá)那里的時(shí)候，天碰巧在下雨。 I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高興和你一起旅游。 C 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作

15、在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。 我很抱歉把你的鑰匙弄丟了。I'm sorry to have lost your key. I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 我本來想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感覺身體不舒服。 It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 對我來說，被邀請來你們國家是一件很榮幸的事情。 D 不定式的完成進(jìn)行式 不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語之前發(fā)生并且一直進(jìn)行著。 He

16、 was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 據(jù)說他在倫敦一直住了20年。 I'm sorry to have been interrupting you. 很抱歉，我一直打擾你。 比較： 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)意義。 He is said to be studying abroad. 據(jù)說他正在國外讀書。（不定式的進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行） He is said to have studied abroad. 據(jù)說他在國外學(xué)習(xí)過。（不定式的完成式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束） E 不定式的被動(dòng)形式 當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個(gè)不定式表示的動(dòng)

17、作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。不定式的被動(dòng)形式根據(jù)其與謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系，有一般式和完成時(shí)兩種。 1一般式 to be done 這些是要發(fā)These are the books to be given out to the students. 給學(xué)生的書。 He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。 2完成式 to have been done The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 據(jù)說這部小說已被譯成多種語言。 He appeared to have been questioned for many times. 看起來他已經(jīng)被詢問過很多次了。 F. 不定式的否定形式 不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式構(gòu)成。 We decided not to