高一英語 單元單詞短語句型知識(shí)梳理 Unit10 大綱人教版第一冊(cè)

1、Unit 10理解：要點(diǎn)詮釋單詞1.lead講：v.帶路；領(lǐng)路；引領(lǐng)；通向；通往；處于首位；處于領(lǐng)先地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)n.領(lǐng)先地位；領(lǐng)先的距離；超前量例：He led the horse back into the stable.他把馬牽回了馬廄。The department led the world in cancer research.這個(gè)系在癌癥研究方面走在世界前列。The champion is leading by 18 seconds.冠軍領(lǐng)先了18秒。Who will lead the party in the next election?下一屆選舉誰來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這個(gè)黨？He managed

2、 to hold a lead of two seconds over his closest rival.他比跟的最緊的對(duì)手勉強(qiáng)領(lǐng)先兩秒鐘。The polls have given Labour of five-point lead.投票選舉中工黨領(lǐng)先五個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。鏈接·提示 (1)lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通向 (2)lead sb.to sth.使得出(結(jié)論、觀點(diǎn)) What led you to this conclusion? 你是如何得出這個(gè)結(jié)論的？練：(1)With the boy _the way,we had no _finding my aunts hou

3、se.A.showed；difficulty B.leading；difficultyC.led；trouble D.showing；troubles提示:boy與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此補(bǔ)足語不可用過去分詞，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；在have trouble (in) doing sth.中trouble不可用復(fù)數(shù)，故選B。答案:B(2)The captains carelessness _the accident,as a result of which the ship sank and more than 800 people lost their lives.A.led to B.

4、gave off C.made of D.developed into提示:lead to導(dǎo)致；give off發(fā)出；develop into發(fā)展成。只有l(wèi)ead to與句意相符，故選A。句意為:船長(zhǎng)的粗心導(dǎo)致了這次事故，結(jié)果輪船沉沒，800多人喪生。答案:A2.measure講：v.測(cè)量；度量；有的尺寸；估量；判斷n.措施；方法；尺度；程度例：Hes gone to be measured for a new coat.他去量尺寸做新衣服。The main bedroom measures 5 metres by 7 metres.主臥寬5米，長(zhǎng)7米。She works hard and d

5、oesnt measure the cost to her health.她工作勤懇，并不考慮身體的代價(jià)。She achieved some measures of success with her first book.她的第一部書就取得了相當(dāng)?shù)某晒?。鏈?#183;提示 (1)make clothes to ones own measure量體裁衣 (2)take measures(to do sth.)采取措施(做) (3)take measures against采取措施反對(duì)/制止練：_should be _to protect the river from being pollute

6、d.A.A measure；taken B.Measure；madeC.A measure；made D.Measures；taken提示:句意為:應(yīng)該采取措施來保護(hù)河水不受污染。measure作“措施、手段”講時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；“采取措施做某事”用take measures to do sth.，本句使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選D。答案:Dmon講：adj.共有的；共享的；共同的；常見的；通常的；普遍的例：They share a common interest in photograph.他們擁有共同的攝影愛好。Wheat fields and corn fields are co

7、mmon here.這兒普遍種植小麥和玉米。Such people as you describe are very common now.你描寫的這種人很常見。鏈接·提示 (1)in common共有；共用 (2)have nothing in common無共同之處 (3)have little in common幾乎無共同之處 (4)have something in common有一些共同之處 (5)have a lot in common有許多共同之處練：（2010河北石家莊質(zhì)量檢測(cè)） Harry visited the bookstore every week.He be

8、came such a _ customer that the bookseller gave him some books as presents.A.common B.normal C.usual D.regular提示:根據(jù)常識(shí)，書店一般贈(zèng)給老顧客書籍作為禮物，故選regular,a regular customer常客，老主顧。答案:D短語1.in danger講：該短語意為：在危險(xiǎn)中。例：Childrens lives are in danger every time they cross this road.孩子們每次過這條馬路都面臨著生命危險(xiǎn)。The building is in

9、 danger of collapsing.這棟建筑有塌倒的危險(xiǎn)。How many factory workers are in danger of losing their jobs?有多少工廠的工人可能失業(yè)？He had a car accident and his life is in danger.他遭遇車禍，有生命危險(xiǎn)。鏈接·拓展 (1)be out of danger 脫險(xiǎn) (2)be dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的，指人或物是“危險(xiǎn)的”，即可給人或物造成或帶來危險(xiǎn)。 The traffic here is very dangerous for children. 這里的交通

10、對(duì)孩子很危險(xiǎn)。 The prisoners who escaped are violent and dangerous. 這些逃犯殘暴而危險(xiǎn)。練：This patient seems to be_ losing his life but children hope he will be able to be _soon.A.in the danger of；out of danger B.in danger of；out of dangerC.in danger；out of danger D.in danger of；out of the danger提示:固定詞組in danger of和

11、out of danger中，danger前不用冠詞。答案:B2.as a result of 講：該短語意為：由于的結(jié)果。of后接表示原因的名詞、代詞或短語。例：She died as a result of injuries.她由于受傷而死亡。As a result of the fire,thousands of people lost their homes.由于那場(chǎng)大火，數(shù)千人無家可歸。鏈接·拓展 (1)as a result結(jié)果是；作為結(jié)果 前句敘述了原因，as a result引出結(jié)果，可以放在句首或句末。 (2)result in導(dǎo)致；造成 (3)result fro

12、m是的結(jié)果；由造成練：(1)Wouldnt you like some dumplings? Well,Id like to have a few.But,_the bad ones last time,I dare not.A.as a result B.as a result ofC.as a matter of D.as far as提示:as a result of后可以接名詞或代詞；as a result后不可接任何詞。答案:B(2)(2010山東煙臺(tái)診斷檢測(cè)) Do you like Nancy? Yes,Nancy is kind,hard-working and intelli

13、gent；_,I cant speak too highly of her.A.as a result B.by the wayC.in a word D.on the contrary提示：as a result結(jié)果，因此；by the way順便說（問）一下；in a word總之；on the contrary相反地。根據(jù)句意“Nancy善良，用功又勤奮，總之，我說她怎么好都不為過”可知選C。答案:C3.devote oneself to講：該短語意為：致力于；獻(xiàn)身于；專心。該搭配中的to是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例：She devoted herself to her career.她

14、全力傾注于自己的事業(yè)。Professor Stevenson has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer.史蒂文森教授獻(xiàn)身于保護(hù)麋鹿的工作。After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research.畢業(yè)以后他繼續(xù)致力于研究工作。鏈接·拓展 (1)devote.to.把(時(shí)間、精力等)用于 She devoted her life to helping homeless children. 她把一生用來幫助無家可歸的孩子們。 (2)be devoted to 喜愛；疼愛

15、；忠于；致力于 Her son,to whom she was so devoted,died in fighting the flood. 她非常疼愛的兒子在抗洪中犧牲了。 Some of them were devoted to the study of natural science. 他們有些人專門研究自然科學(xué)。練：He wants to be a scientist and_ science.A.devote to B.devotes to C.devote himself to D.devotes himself to提示:空格處是和wants并列的謂語動(dòng)詞；devote ones

16、elf to.是固定短語。答案:D4.cut down講：該短語意為：砍倒；病死；減少例：When the farmers cut down trees,tigers can no longer hide and hunt.農(nóng)民把樹砍倒后，老虎無法藏身和獵食。You should try your best to cut down the accident rate.你們應(yīng)該盡力減少事故。We need to cut the article down to 1000 words.我們得把這篇文章壓縮到一千字。He ought to cut down the volume of work.他應(yīng)該

17、減少工作量。鏈接·拓展 (1)cut away 剪去；砍掉；割掉；切除 (2)cut off切下；割下；砍下；切斷電話線使某人通話中斷,阻斷；停止食物等的供應(yīng) (3)cut up切碎；切成碎片；使難過,使痛苦 He always cuts up his food before he eats it. 他在吃東西之前,總是把它切碎。 (4)cut in 打斷；打擾 She always cuts in when we are talking. 我們談話的時(shí)候她老是插嘴。 (5)cut out刪掉；停止 You can cut out what you dont like. 你可以刪去你

18、不喜歡的。 (6)cut through 抄近路；開辟(出路或通道) I came by cutting through the lane. 我抄近路來的。練：With no electricity,many towns and villages had their water supply_.A.cut off B.cut down C.cut up D.cut through提示:本句考查have sth.done 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“遭遇到”。cut off在本句中意為“阻斷，停止供應(yīng)（水）”。答案:A句型1.get+過去分詞講：注意觀察下面教材原句:Use the questions belo

19、w to get started and try to think of more questions.用下列問題作為開始，試著想出更多的問題?！癵et+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，get相當(dāng)于助動(dòng)詞。例：Dont get caught in the storm.別撞上暴雨了。You didnt get hurt in any way?你沒傷著哪兒吧？鏈接·拓展 (1)在“get+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，get起be的作用，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，get被稱為被動(dòng)助動(dòng)詞。該結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于:1)指突然的、偶然的、意外的事情。2)表示反身的行為而不是被動(dòng)的行為。3)說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。 (2)

20、get作“使發(fā)生”解時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)如下:1)get sb./sth.done(=have sb./sth.done)使；2)get sb.to do sth.(=have sb.do sth.)或get sb.doing sth.使某人做某事。 Tell your friends about the films and try to get him/her to go with you. =.and try to have him/her go with you.告訴你朋友電影的內(nèi)容，并設(shè)法讓他或她和你一塊去。 You should get the students thinking when yo

21、u give lessons. 你講課的時(shí)候應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生思考。 Why dont you get your car repaired? 你怎么不找人把車修一修？練：How are the team playing?Theyre playing well,but one of them _hurt.A.got B.gets C.are D.were提示:解本題時(shí)可以從主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)幾個(gè)方面去考慮。依據(jù)主謂一致的規(guī)則排除C、D兩項(xiàng)，因?yàn)橹髡Z為one，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。雖然前句用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，但是后一句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故選A。got hurt等于was hurt。答案:A2.k

22、eep.from doing講：注意觀察下面教材原句:Steve Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.Steve Jones是一位盡力使動(dòng)植物免于滅絕的環(huán)境方面的專家。keep.from doing sth.=stop sb.from doing sth.=prevent sb.from doing 阻止做某事在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，stop 或prevent后可省略from，用keep時(shí)不可省略from；在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中都不可省略from。例：What

23、can stop/prevent us(from)doing so if we want to?如果我們想做的話，有什么可以阻止我們呢？They were stopped/prevented/kept by the police from entering the building.警察阻止他們進(jìn)大樓。鏈接·拓展 (1)keep doing sth.不斷，一直；老是做某事 (2)keep sb./sth.doing使不斷做某事練：If city noises _from increasing,people _able to be heard even at the dinner ta

24、ble 20 years from now.A.are not kept；will not be B.are not kept；areC.do not keep；will not be D.do not keep；are提示:從時(shí)間狀語20 years from now來看，主句應(yīng)該使用一般將來時(shí)，排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；從條件狀語從句中的主謂關(guān)系看，從句應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選A。答案:A辨析agree on,agree with,agree toagree on表示在某一點(diǎn)上達(dá)成協(xié)議或取得一致意見。agree with表示同意、贊成某人說的話，后接sb.或wh從句或表達(dá)意見、想法、觀點(diǎn)、決定的詞(opinion,view,idea,decision)。還可表示“與一致；適合”,此時(shí)，主語一般不是表人的詞。 agree to后接計(jì)劃、安排、建議、條件等詞(plan,arrangement,suggestion,terms)。 agree to do表示“同意做某事”。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)I _what he said.(2)After a further discussion,both sides _the date for the next meeting.(3)They didnt _each other on th