九年級初三英語定語從句完整歸納講解及練習(xí)

1、 定語從句的用法和精練一、定語從句的概念 在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞后 二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。 三、定語從句的分類 根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去。非限制性定語

2、從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、關(guān)系代詞的用法 （一）限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法 作用先行詞主語賓語定語及物動詞賓語或沒被提前的介詞賓語被提前的的介詞賓語指人Who/that, asWho/whom/that, as介詞+whomWhose/of whom指物Which/that, asThat/which, as介詞+whichWhose/of which1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗

3、喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語) 3.who, whom

4、用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語) 注意:(1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時,只能用“介詞 +which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: This is the

5、house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。 (2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。 (3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far aw

6、ay.她居住的城市非常遠。 (4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況: a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。 b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

7、你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎? c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。 d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which. 例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊

8、疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰? f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。 h.有兩個定語從句時，其中一個宜用which，另外一個宜用that。如：They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.I

9、.當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語。而關(guān)系代詞在從句中也作表語時，如：Shanghai is no longer the city that is used to be.(5) 關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況: a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。 c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用which, 而

10、不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。 d.先行詞后面有插入語時，只用which不用that。Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help you improve your English. （6）as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句常用下列句式；a. such+名詞+as. b. such(pron)+as c.the same +名詞+as(二)非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法 作用先行詞主語賓語定語及物動詞賓語被提前的的介詞賓語指人

11、Who, asWho/whom, as介詞+whomWhose/of whom指物Which, asWhich, as介詞+whichWhose/of which句子which1.關(guān)系代詞在任何情況下都不能省略，如I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning.2.who, whom , which不能用that代替。如This is New York, which I have visited for several times.3.which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，先行詞可以是一個詞也可以是一個句子。如He was

12、late again, which made the teacher very unhappy. 五、關(guān)系副詞的用法（一）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作狀語時，要用關(guān)系副詞。其中when=表示間的介詞（如：in，at，on,during等）+which；where=表地點的介詞（如：in,at,on,under等）+which；why=表原因的介詞（如：for）+which.如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing . (when=on which)Can you tell me the office where he works

13、?(where=in which)Do you know the reason why he is absent?(why=for which)（二）where/when=介詞+關(guān)系代詞which，有時為表達清楚，還可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加介詞from/to等，如： China is the birthplace of kites,from where kite flying spreads to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.(三)關(guān)系副詞when,where可用于非限制性定語從句中，而關(guān)系副詞why不可以。 I.單項填空。 1. -Do you

14、 know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other da

15、y? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is wait

16、ing at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on wh

17、ich we live C. where we live in D. we live in11. Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? (天津市)A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 12. This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. (河北省)A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 13. Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the

18、 visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what 14. Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree?She is my little sister. (福州市)A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 15. This is the question _ we are talking about now. (吉林省)A. that B. who C. where D. when 16. What are you looking

19、for?I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. (長沙市)A. who B. which C. whose 17. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you. (廈門市)A. who B. which C. whom 18. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ works hard. (臨沂市)A. which B. / C. whom D. wh

20、o 19. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics. (泰安市)A. which B. who C. where D. whom 20. Even teachers cant understand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom 21. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games. (蕪湖市)A. where B. that C.

21、which D. what 22. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? (茂名市)A. that B. when C. where 23. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend. (茂名市)A. when B. which C. what 24. I like writers _ write short stories. (襄樊市)A. which B. what C. whom D. who 25. There are many volunteers _ are helping the children in Sic