高中英語單項選擇題解題指導(dǎo)

1、單項選擇題解題指導(dǎo)常熟市尚湖高級中學(xué) 邵惠科Teaching aim:Help students to do well in multiple choices through the application of strategies.Teaching Importance and Difficulties: How can students learn the proper application of strategies to do better in multiple choices.Teaching Procedures: Step 1: Lead in:Get some stude

2、nts to tell how they manage to get high scores in multiple choices.Step 2: Instruction: I. 高考英語單項選擇題命題趨勢:1.Easy-approaching近幾年高考單項填空題基本體現(xiàn)了“知識化，語境化和交際化”的特點，沒有出現(xiàn)以前所謂的偏怪難題。題干大部分比較靈活簡短，語境自然。這是第一個特點。【例】We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _? A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we

3、2.Wide coverage with highlights考查點的覆蓋面越來越廣泛，但又做到了重點突出。這主要體現(xiàn)在復(fù)合句和非謂語動詞的考查及名詞和動詞用法的考查上?！纠縚 twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten3.Being situational試題的立意由簡單直接的“結(jié)構(gòu)立意”轉(zhuǎn)向復(fù)雜間接的“情景立意”。試題設(shè)置的語境明確，交際情景多是發(fā)生在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)或日

4、常生活的真實情況。【例】- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? - Sorry. _.A. Its repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired4.Complicated structure題干變得較長，題干句的語義結(jié)構(gòu)趨于復(fù)雜化，語言信息量越來越大，但是有效信息由外現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)為隱藏。這主要體現(xiàn)在非謂語動詞和動詞時態(tài)的考查上?！纠縏he biggest problem for most plants

5、, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. A. shant B cant C. neednt D. mustnt5.Large vocabulary語義辨析和語義識別題越來越多，不但加強了對語義的考查，而且加重對詞匯擴展能力的考查?！纠緾hina has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influe

6、nce C. impression D. knowledgeII. 命題趨勢分析總結(jié)：1）純語法的試題會減少；2）基礎(chǔ)知識考查的覆蓋面會越來越廣；3）語境會更加突出；4）注重考查學(xué)生綜合運用英語能力及邏輯推理能力；5）加大詞義辨析（特別是動詞和動詞短語辨析）的考查。III. 高考單項分類突破1.辨析型單項填空辨析型單項填空題是指通過對試題選項中的詞匯短語的形式和意義進行辨析，從而根據(jù)句子的意義對選項作出正確的判斷和選擇。此類題型往往考查對名詞動詞代詞形容詞副詞介詞及短語意義和應(yīng)用的辨析。1）詞義辨析【例1】The loss has not yet been _ accurately, but

7、it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars. A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled 【例2】Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more _ to, and more easily troubled by emotional and relationship problems. A. skeptical B. addicted C. available D. sensitive2）詞性辨析：【例1】_ ha

8、d I done it when I knew I had made a mistake.A. Hardly B. Directly C. Mostly D. Nearly【例2】_ I meet Mary in the street, she will greet me with a smile.A. Before B. Surely C. Each time D. For3）短語辨析：包括：動詞與不同的介詞副詞搭配；介詞短語搭配等?！纠?】It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children.

9、 A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out【例2】- Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _. - So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished upC. divided up D. closed up主要動詞短語測試與take相關(guān)占據(jù)；從事 接管，接替 雇傭；呈現(xiàn) 與相像 吸收；欺騙 與break相關(guān)爆發(fā)；發(fā)生 崩潰；出故障 分散；結(jié)束 中斷；停止 破門

10、而入 與bring相關(guān)引起；造成 撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐 提出；使提前 降低（價格） 引進；賺得 與put相關(guān)擱置；存儲 收好；打消 撲滅；出版 提出；提議 2.結(jié)構(gòu)型單項填空考查考生對英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的把握情況。表現(xiàn)：句子某些成分的省略；標(biāo)點符號的識別；倒裝或插入其他成分使句子前后分離等，因而引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，擾亂考生對句子成分的判斷。1）有省略的復(fù)合句-補全法由于賓語從句或定語從句中謂語部分行為動詞的省略，致使考生對不定式狀語產(chǎn)生誤解。答題方法：盡量把省略部分補全，這有助于正確地確定答案?！纠?】 - What made you so happy ? - _. A. Because of my pass

11、ing the exam B. I passed the exam C. Because I passed the exam D. My passing the exam【例2】 - Where did you get to know her? - It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where2）標(biāo)點符號提示： 由于受漢語習(xí)慣的影響，考生往往不注意標(biāo)點符號，從而弄錯句子結(jié)構(gòu)。 【例1】Mary, _ here - everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B.

12、comes C. to come D. coming【例2】Soon they came to a farm house; _ roof was much higher than the others. A. which B. whose C. that D. its【例3】I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom3）插入語的影響-簡化法有些句子插入了某些成分，從而使句子結(jié)構(gòu)支離破碎，造成考生對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的誤解。解決方法：去掉插入語或附加的次要成分，就會迅速

13、地找到答案。【例1】Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped【例2】E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part i

14、n daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play3.邏輯型單項填空考查范圍：主謂一致，意義一致，人稱一致，謂語動詞和邏輯主語一致等。【例1】_ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given【例2】_ the project in time, th

15、e staff were working at weekends.A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete4.語境型單項填空在一定的語境進行語法知識和語言知識的考查，是近年高考試題中常見的題目，這就要求考生一定要以語境為切入點，認真思考，仔細分析，確定正確答案。【例1】- Ann is in hospital. - Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her. A. didnt; am going to B. dont; would C. dont; wil

16、l D. didn't; will【例2】- Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. - Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need5.交際型單項填空考查范圍：問答情況，請求與建議，表示祝愿，道歉，感謝，表達意見，觀點等?！纠?】- Bill, can I get you anything to drink? - _. A. You are welcome B. No problem C. I wouldnt mind a coffee D. Doesnt matter.

17、【例2】- Putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better. - _. A. Id love to B. Im with you on that C. Its up to you D. Its my pleasure【例3】- Ken, _, but your TV is going too loud. - Oh, Im sorry. Ill turn it down right now.A. Id like to talk with you B. Im really ti

18、red of thisC. I hate to say this D. I need your help【例4】Im amazed to hear from my school teacher again. _, it is ten years since we met lastA. In a word B. Whats more C. Thats to say D. Believe it or not6.其它解題方法注意連詞的提示有時一個連詞會使句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變,因此答題時要注意題干中的連詞.【例1】 His teacher kept on telling him that he shoul

19、d read English in the morning, but _ didnt work.A. he B. which C. it D. all【例2】_ it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave轉(zhuǎn)化法所謂“轉(zhuǎn)化法”就是把有些復(fù)合句、被動句、疑問句、倒裝句、感嘆句、強調(diào)句等轉(zhuǎn)化為便于理解的簡單句、主動句、陳述句等。1）將疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成陳述句【例】Whom is it up to _ the matter?A. decide B. to decide C. de

20、ciding D. decided2）轉(zhuǎn)被動句為主動句【例1】Time should be made good use of _ our lessons well. A learning B learned C to learn D learns【例2】Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A to invent B inventing C to have invented D having invented. 3）將強調(diào)句式轉(zhuǎn)化成一般句式【例】It was _ that resulted in the te

21、rrible car accident. A. because of her carelessness B. her being careless C. because she was careless D. she was so careless4）感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句【例】 what little Tom said to his mother sounded! A. what reasonable B. How a reasonable C. How reasonable D. What a reasonable5）將倒裝語序轉(zhuǎn)化成正常語序【例】Here is a note book, in

22、 which _ the names of the visitors. A. write B. written C. were written D. was written6）刪除附加結(jié)構(gòu),將復(fù)雜句轉(zhuǎn)化成簡單句 【例】John plays football _, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as7）將先行詞還原到定語從句中【例】The study you have been making _ the ancient Chinese characters is an instr

23、uctive job.A. to B. for C. of D. from8）還原省略成分【例】If the weather is fine, we'll go. If _, _. A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, notIV應(yīng)試策略1）做題時，要認真研讀題目，尋找關(guān)鍵的信息詞、詞組或句子。切忌死摳語法條條框框，要注意上下文的關(guān)系，根據(jù)題干所提供的語境來確定最佳答案。2）做題時，要仔細分析，正確理解，通過調(diào)整語序或簡化句子找到設(shè)問角度，弄清命題意圖。3）做題時，要結(jié)合語境，注意慣用法和固定搭配，既要注意同義詞（組）間的語法差異，又要注意它們

24、之間的意義差異。4）做題時，要研讀題干，搜索出盡可能多的“時間參照信息”，尤其是隱含于信息中的動詞時間信息。發(fā)現(xiàn)和分析這些信息是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。V. 復(fù)習(xí)策略1）全面學(xué)習(xí)掌握語法基礎(chǔ)知識。2）突出重點，不要平均用力。詞法方面：動詞及動詞短語辨析，動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)，非謂語動詞；句法方面：復(fù)合句是重點，三大從句及關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用是高考熱點，也是復(fù)習(xí)的重點。3）注重在語境中運用知識。特別是詞義辨析題，必須放在語境中去熟練運用。有了語境的襯托，單詞短語的用法便會一目了然。Step 3: Exercise:單項選擇:（以情景對話題為主）1. - May I have a look at your photo

25、 album?- Sure. _. Im not engaged at the moment anyway.A. It makes no differenceB. Take your timeC. Look at it slowlyD. I dont care at all2. - Excuse me!- _- How can I get to the nearest post office?A. Yes?B. Thats OK. C. Whats wrong?D. Pardon?3. - Mr. Smith, you are fined for over-speeding. Please s

26、ign here.- Fined? Over-speeding? _ A. Are you all right?B. You cant be serious! C. Im a foreigner.D. It doesnt matter.4. - Do you mind my smoking here?- _A. No, thanks.B. No. Good idea.C. Yes, please. D. Yes. Better not.5. - Good morning, Grand Hotel. - Hello, I'd like to book a room for the nig

27、hts of the 18th and 19th. - _ A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please. C. What's the matter? D. At your service.6. - I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. - _. It was her fault. A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all7. - I had a really good weekend at my u

28、ncle's. - _. A. Oh, that's very nice of you B. Congratulations C. It's a pleasure D. Oh, I'm glad to hear that8. - Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 9. - Hey, look where you are going! - Oh, I'

29、m terribly sorry. _.A. I'm not noticing B. I wasn't noticingC. I haven't noticed D. don't notice 10. - George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ? - No , I _. Did they have a big wedding ?A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. d

30、idnt invite11. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more. A. hasnt lived B. didnt liveC. hadnt lived D. doesnt live12. - Your job _ open for your return.- Thanks.A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept13. - Where did you put the car keys?- Oh, I _ I put them on the chair

31、 because the phone rang as I _ in.A. remembered; comeB. remembered; was comingC. remember; comeD. remember; was coming14. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repairedB. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired15. The price _, but I doubt whether it wi

32、ll remain so. A. went downB. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down16. After he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod. A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit17. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed18. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but